Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / Suid-Afrika het ongekende verstedeliking ervaar en agtergeblewe verbruikers het hulle in gebiede in en om stede gevestig. Steeds toenemende verstedeliking veroorsaak enersyds probleme aangesien basiese infrastruktuurvoorsiening (elektrisiteit, water, en riool) ontbreek. Andersyds laat die afwesigheid van formele kleinhandelsfasiliteite in die agtergeblewe gebiede die vraag ontstaan wat hierdie verbruikers se behoefte aan afsetpunte behels. 'n Ewekansige-waarskynlikheidsnavorsingstudie met 'n steekproef van 300 huishoudings, 'n vraelys, en persoonlike onderhoude is onderneem om die agtergeblewe verbruikers in die Soshanguve gebied se behoeftes na kleinhandelsafsetpunte te bepaal. Die bevinding is dat die meeste verbruikers buite hul woongebied werksaam is, 'n gemiddelde inkomste van tot R2 000 per maand verdien, en dat taxi's die hoofvervoermiddel is. Kleinhandelsaankope word hoofsaaklik in Pretoria en Mabopane gedoen. Daar bestaan wel 'n behoefte na formele kleinhandelsafsetpunte, veral vir bederfbare produkte en kruideniersware soos voorsien deur bekende kleinhandelsintellings soos die OK Bazaars. Die ondersoek bevestig dat Soshanguve kleinhandelsbeleggingsgeleenthede bied vir verskeie kleinhandelsfasiliteite. / South-Africa experienced unknown urbanisation and disadvantaged consumers flocked to the cities. Continuous urbanisation causes infrastructural problems such as a lack of electricity, water, and sewerage facilities. The absence of formal retail outlets in these areas poses the question what retailing needs these consumers do have. A simple random probability research study with a sample of 300 households, a questionnaire, and personal interviews was used to determine the disadvantaged consumers' needs for retail outlets in the Soshanguve area. The results indicate that most consumers work outside Soshanguve, earn an average of up to R2 000 per month, and use taxi's as a means of transportation. Retail purchases are made in Pretoria and Mabopane. There is a definite need for formal retail outlets, especially for perishables and groceries as provided by retailers such as OK Bazaars. The research confirms that there are retail investment opportunities in Soshanguve for the establishment of various retail facilities. / Business Management / M. Comm. (Business Management)

The aim of this study work is the analysis of Fair Trade Products and activities in the Czech Republic. The analysis focuses on projects "Fair Trade Schools" and "Fair Trade Towns". The analysis includes an overview of other activities to support Fair Trade. The product analysis is directed to online stores and changes in the segment of chain stores.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of storage in the enterprise as Zemke Kožlí the quality of food grains. Results of quality criteria which were in wheat moisture content , density , Zeleny test , N - substances , gluten, falling number, impurities , and malting barley moisture , overflow grains of 2.5 mm sieve , foreign seeds , cloth , damaged grains , grains fall below 2.5 mm sieve , germination , N - substances dusky peaks were processed into tables and graphs. It was demonstrated greater suitability of food grain storage in silos unlike the hall and loft storage .

The main purpose of this thesis was to compare and evaluate status of management and economy system of the selected retail units and based on this analysis to identify strengths and weaknesses of the companies and to determine potential measures to improve. For this thesis I chose PRIOR ČESKÁ REPUBLIKA, s.r.o., the second company I focused on was the OD Andy, s.r.o. I focused mainly on their management, organization, economy, human resources and then I also analyzed the macro environment of these companies. For this step I used the STEP analyses.

Thesis( MTech( Marketing Management)) -- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011 / South Africa’s retail sector is competitive, and is characterized by a tough and uncertain business environment (Barlow, 2002:21). Amidst such challenges, Dotson and Patton (1992:15-28) found that retailers do not deliver desired services to their customers. To ensure competitive survival, retailers should differentiate themselves and continuously seek ways to maximize the value that they offer to their customers (Parikh, 2006:45-55). Service quality has been identified by Berry (1986:1-9) as the most basic strategy for retailers to create competitive advantages and to improve customers’ shopping experience. This study focuses on determining consumer perceptions of service quality of large clothing retailers within the Cape Metropolitan area, with the aim of identifying areas for improvement, as well as service quality determinants, which are most important to consumers.Secondary objectives include: to establish consumer expectations in terms of service quality determinants; to establish, which areas of service quality require improvement; to provide recommendations to improve service quality based on findings from the study, and to compare consumer perceptions of service quality amongst ad hoc shoppers against those who have accounts (credit facilities) at various retail stores. Quantitative research was conducted by means of face-to-face survey research, and includes results from 120 questionnaires. Interviews, which took the form of store intercepts, were conducted outside the entrance of selected retail stores, and took place during the last week of March. Stores were selected through random multi-stage sampling, while respondents were selected through a systematic sampling process. A descriptive research design was used. The content of the questionnaire was developed based on Dabolkar, Thorpe and Rentz’s (1996:3-16) RSQS structure, which captures the dimensions of service quality in retail stores. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software, and was presented numerically by making use of charts. The major findings of the study relates to levels of consumer satisfaction with the existing levels of service quality delivered by large clothing retailers within the Cape Metropolitan area for ad-hoc shoppers, as well as account holders. The findings of this study could bring about new strategies for the improvement of service quality among large clothing retailers in the Cape Metropolitan area. These strategies will contribute towards creating a competitive advantage through the use of service quality, and will ultimately contribute towards the long-term success of large clothing retailers within the Cape Metropolitan area.

För att vatten ska kunna levereras enligt de krav som ställs från användarna i samhället behövs ett väl anpassat ledningsnät. Det innebär bland annat att vatten ska finnas tillgängligt i den mängd som behövs och vid den tidpunkt som vatten krävs. För att vattenreningsverken ska kunna leverera rätt mängd vatten måste ledningsnätet vara dimensionerat för att kunna transportera allt vatten som skall pumpas ut till användarna. Detta kräver en god uppskattning om de vattenflöden som behövs. Det förväntade vattenflödet till olika samhällsanvändare uppskattas utifrån befintliga användningsmönster samt publikation P83, framtagen av Svenskt Vatten. Allt eftersom samhället utvecklas behöver publikationen uppdateras för att denna ska stämma så väl överens med verkligheten som möjligt. Vattenanvändningsmönster i skolor, kontor, handelsområden och industrier undersöktes som en del av ett pågående projekt för att undersöka om P83 bör uppdateras. För dessa har år- och dygnsvariationer, flöden och maxfaktorer analyserats från årslånga mätserier. Utifrån uppmätta värden kunde alternativa fördelningsnycklar som potentiellt skulle bidra till förbättring också analyseras. Resultaten tyder på att det finns förbättringsmöjligheter för flödesberäkningar för brukartyperna skolor, handel och industri jämfört med dagens metoder. För skolor och handel skulle inomhusarea vara en relevant fördelningsnyckel att använda vid beräkningar medan takyta vore en mer lämplig parameter att använda för industrier. De maxfaktorer som finns angivna i P83 stämde inte särskilt väl överens med de uppmätta i studien och skulle behöva uppdateras. Studien visar också på ett behov av att dela upp de brukarkategorier som finns i dagsläget till fler kategorier då de tre som finns i dagsläget är mycket generella. Dessutom undersöktes möjligheten att kombinera olika brukartyper för att utjämna vattenflöden under dygnet. Villor eller radhus bör lämpligen kombineras med skolor, kontor eller industrier för att få ett jämnare vattenflöde under dagtid. / For water to be delivered according to the requirements of the users in the society there is a need for the water pipelines to be well dimensioned. This means that the amount of water that is needed has to be available at the time when it is required. For the water treatment plants to be able to deliver the right amount of water the pipelines must be sized to carry the water that should be delivered to the users. This requires a good estimate of the amount of water needed. The expected water flow to different users is estimated based on existing water usage patterns as well as the P83 publication, developed by Swedish Water. As society develops the publication may need to be updated to correspond well with reality. Water use patterns in schools, offices, retail stores and industries were examined as a part of an ongoing project to investigate whether P83 should be updated. For these annual and diurnal variations, water flows and max factors were analyzed from yearlong series of measurements. Based on the measured values alternate allocation keys that could potentially contribute to improvement were analyzed. The results suggest that there are possible improvements for flow calculations for schools, retail stores and industry compared to current methods. For schools and retail stores the indoor area would be a relevant variable to use for calculations, while the roof area would be a more appropriate variable to use for industries. The max factors listed in P83 did not agree with those measured in the study and would need to be updated. The study shows that the three categories used in P83 are very general and ought to be divided into more specific categories. Furthermore, the possibility to combine different types of water users to equalize the water flow to an area during the day was analyzed. Villas or semi-attached houses should preferably be combined with schools, offices or industries for evening out the flow during day time.

Aujourd'hui l'image de marque des chaînes de distribution est un élément central deleur succès. La plupart d'entre elle ont des programmes destinés à mesurer lesdifférentes dimensions de leur performance au niveau du point de vente, de lasatisfaction de leur client, de la qualité de leur relation-client et de leur image demarque.Ces facteurs sont supposés contribuer à la fidélité des clients. La question est d'enconnaître le poids relatif. L'objet de cette recherche est d'en proposer un modèleintégré et d'en tester la valeur empirique, dans le cas d'une chaîne de distributioniranienne, sur la base d'un échantillon de 500 consommateurs. La qualité des pointsde vente, la satisfaction des consommateurs, l'image de marque de l'entreprise, et laqualité de la relation sont intégrés dans un modèle explicatif de la fidélité desconsommateurs. Effort rarement fait, la littérature ayant testé séparément lesdifférentes hypothèses. / Today, the most successful corporate image in the world are retailing and chain stores. Most chainstores and retailing companies have research programs designed to measure Point of Sale (Store),Customer Satisfaction (Experience), Brand Image (Corporate Image) and Quality of relationship.Such programs are designed to allow management to measure store (POS) constructs and relationswith corporate image, satisfaction, quality of relationship and store loyalty. This constructs provideessential information to guide efforts to increase the excellent variability in stores and will help toensure there continued loyalty and patronage. There is evidence as to the link between store qualityand excellence chain store performance and chain store –level data suggests as link between higherstore quality, higher corporate image, higher customer satisfaction, higher loyalty and improved themarket share, customer share and profitability.The survey effect of Store Quality Dimensions as a POS toward Customer Satisfaction and LoyaltyDimensions, to creating the loyal customers is one of the most important in literature of this thesis.There have been different but homogenous approach for considering research constructs. Thecustomer - based approach, the financial approach and combination approach. While this studyfocus on customer approach and survey the effective process of “SQD ---CS---LD path” in chainstore industry.This constructs used to operationalization of customer loyalty as target objective of model .we usedthe store quality as an antecedent of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty and called “SQDbased-LD” approach. The contribution of this study is formulating and development of aconceptual framework that integrates the constructs of model and extraction of SQD – LD Modelin Iran chain stores.

El presente trabajo de investigación analiza la relación entre la imagen de marca y el precio percibido con la intención de compra de marcas propias de moda femenina en el punto de venta en tiendas por departamento en jóvenes de 18 a 25 años de NSE B y C+ de Lima Metropolitana. Se realizaron 250 encuestas online al target y la información fue procesada utilizando la técnica estadística del Chi-cuadrado y coeficiente de correlación de Tau. Los resultados del estudio mostraron que la imagen de marca y el precio percibido tienen una relación positiva con la intención de compra de marcas propias en el punto de venta. El precio es considerado un factor relevante pero no es la única variable tomada en cuenta al momento de realizar la compra en el punto de venta. Es importante decir que hay una mayor valoración por las consumidoras hacia las marcas que ofrezcan una buena relación calidad-precio en sus prendas ya que, según el estudio, las consumidoras son mucho más conscientes de las prendas que compran y buscan durabilidad y calidad en la ropa sin tener que pagar un monto exagerado por ellas. El análisis de la imagen de marca se realizó bajo las dimensiones de representación del estilo, calidad de la prenda, conocimiento de marca e identificación con la marca. Todas las variables mencionadas están relacionadas con la intención de compra de ropa de marcas propias entre las consumidoras de 18 a 25 años. / This research work analyzes the relationship between brand image and price with the intention of buying white brands of women's fashion in department stores between young people from 18 to 25 years of age of NSE B and C + of Metropolitan Lima. 250 online surveys to the target were analyzed and the information was processed using the Chi-square statistical technique and the Tau correlation coefficient. The results of the study that have the brand image and the perceived price have a positive relationship with the intention of buying own brands at the point of sale. The price is considered a relevant factor but it is not the only variable taken into account when making the purchase at the point of sale. It is important to say that there is a higher valuation by consumers towards brands that offer good value for money in their garments since, according to the study, consumers are much more than the garments they buy and seek durability and quality in clothing. without having to pay an exaggerated amount for them. The analysis of the brand image was carried out under the dimensions of style representation, garment quality, brand awareness and brand identification. All the specific variables taken together are significant predictors of interest in buying own-brand clothing among consumers ages 18 to 25. / Trabajo de investigación

El riesgo percibido ha sido considerado desde hace décadas como un factor fundamental en el comportamiento de compra de los consumidores, y en este caso, en el proceso de toma de decisión de compra. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar y examinar la relación entre los distintos factores de riesgo percibido que percibe el consumidor con la intención de compra en línea de productos tecnológicos en tiendas por departamento. Se realizaron un total de 405 encuestas vía online entre consumidores que adquirieron productos tecnológicos por el canal online de las tiendas por departamento en los últimos doce meses. Se realizó un análisis factorial y una regresión logística y análisis de los datos se realizó utilizando IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Los resultados revelaron que el riesgo de seguridad es el de mayor influencia negativa en la intención de compra de los consumidores. Asimismo, el riesgo financiero y riesgo social también demostraron tener una relación negativa con la intención de compra en línea. Por su parte, el riesgo de producto, riesgo de desempeño y riesgo de tiempo resultaron no afectar a la intención de compra en línea de los consumidores. El estudio proporciona información relevante para el marketing, especialmente para los especialistas en e-commerce, y se espera que los hallazgos puedan aportar a futuros estudios sobre la percepción del riesgo en los consumidores, para que de esta manera se puedan reducir los riesgos en el entorno online. / Perceived risk has been considered for decades as a fundamental factor in consumer purchasing behavior, and in this case, in the purchasing decision-making process. The present research aims to identify and examine the relationship between the different perceived risk factors perceived by the consumer with the intention of online purchase of technological products in department stores. A total of 405 online surveys were conducted among consumers who purchased technology products through the online channel of department stores in the last twelve months, using factor analysis and logistic regression and the data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The results revealed that security risk has the greatest negative influence on consumers' purchase intention. Likewise, financial risk and social risk were also shown to have a negative relationship with online purchase intention. For its part, product risk, performance risk, and time risk did not affect consumers' online purchase intention. The study provides relevant information for marketing, especially for e-commerce specialists, and it is hoped that the findings can contribute to future studies on the perception of risk in consumers so that in this way the risks in the online environment can be reduced. / Trabajo de investigación

The Russian food stores in the Czech Republic can be considered representations of the food practices for the Russian-speaking immigrant community. Despite the common notion that financial gain is a primary focus, I would like to argue that these food stores are the public spaces that link the immigrant's past and present surroundings and plays the role of the communicative bridge with their native's social network. The thesis studies the Russian food stores in Prague as a way of public space that is crucial for maintaining their cultural identity and presents as a medium during the cultural shock for the Russian-speaking immigrants represented by a common theme - nostalgia. By employing an ethnographic approach along with the discourse analysis, I attempt to demonstrate the ways of the mentioned public space being a part of the food practices for this community. The findings should contribute to the understanding of the processes and ways of assimilation in Russian-speaking immigrants, along with their national identification. Furthermore, the thesis opens a discussion regarding the accessible tools of cultural and social involvement of immigrants into the Czech community.