No description available.

[EN] The aim of the present PhD Thesis is to define, develop and evaluate a methodology for an improved and more sustainable management of waste, in particular agricultural residues, turning them into a new source of energy and into added value products. Particular attention is paid to the use of rice straw as an energy vector and as a precursor of silica-based compounds. The recovery of energy was carried through the gasification of biomass within a Spouted Bed Reactor. An initial definition of the main physico-chemical and thermal properties of the feed was performed. The design and operational parameters of the reactor were set according to the characteristics of the biomass. Due to the particular configuration of the reactor, its fluid dynamic properties were analysed in detail in a lab scale unit. The conditions of stability of the reactor and the prevention of segregation phenomena were studied. A scaled-up unit was used for the evaluation of the reactions of gasification of the different residues. The behaviour of the system was modelled at both fluid dynamic and thermo-chemical levels with the aid of different commercial softwares. Finally, a material valorisation was performed. The extraction of silica from the ashes resulting from the thermo-chemical process was studied. Their application as adsorbent materials for the removal of nitrates in water was discussed. / [ES] El objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral es definir, desarrollar y evaluar una metodología eficiente de gestión de residuos, en particular agrícolas, para convertirlos en una nueva fuente de energía y en productos de valor añadido. Se estudia con especial atención el uso de la paja de arroz como vector energético y como precursor de productos basados en sílice. Las reacciones de recuperación energética se han llevado a cabo a través de la gasificación de la biomasa en reactores de tipo Spouted Bed. Para ello, se han definido las propiedades físico-químicas y de comportamiento térmico de los residuos estudiados. Los parámetros de diseño y operación del reactor han sido definidos de acuerdo a las características del material tratado. Debido a la particular configuración del reactor, las propiedades fluido- dinámicas del sistema se han analizado en detalle en una unidad a escala de laboratorio. En ella se han estudiado las condiciones de estabilidad del reactor y aquellas que previenen los procesos de segregación. Se ha utilizado una unidad escalada a dimensiones de planta piloto para llevar a cabo las pruebas de gasificacion de los residuos. El comportamiento del reactor se ha modelado tanto a nivel fluido dinámico como a nivel térmico mediante el uso de diversos códigos comerciales de simulación. Finalmente, se ha realizado una valorización material basada en la extracción de sílice de las cenizas resultantes del proceso de valorización térmica. Por último, se han realizado pruebas preliminares de la posible aplicación de dicha sílice en procesos de adsorción de nitratos presentes en agua. / [CA] L'objectiu de la present tesi doctoral és definir, desenvolupar i evaluar una metodologia eficient de gestió de residus, en particular agrícoles, per convertir-los en una nova font d'energia i en productes de valor afegit. S'estudia amb especial atenció l'ús de la palla d'arròs com a vector energètic i com a precursor de productes basats en sílice. Les reaccions de recuperació energètica s'han dut a terme a través de la gasificació de la biomassa en uns reactors de tipus Spouted Bed . Per això, s'han definit les propietats físico-químiques i de comportament tèrmic dels residus estudiats. Els paràmetres de disseny i operació del reactor han estat definits d'acord a les característiques del material tractat. A causa de la particular configuració del reactor, les propietats fluid - dinàmiques del sistema s'han analitzat amb detall en una unitat a escala de laboratori. S'hi han estudiat les condicions d'estabilitat del reactor i aquelles que prevenen els processos de segregació. S'ha utilitzat una unitat escalada a dimensions de planta pilot per dur a terme les proves de gasificació dels residus. El comportament del reactor s'ha modelat tant a nivell fluid dinàmic com a nivell tèrmic mitjançant l'ús de diversos codis comercials de simulació. Finalment, s'ha realitzat una valorització material basada en l'extracció de sílice de les cendres resultants del procés de valorització tèrmica. Per ùltim, s'han realitzat proves preliminars de la possible aplicació d'aquesta sílice en processos d'adsorció de nitrats presents en aigua. / Moliner Estopiñán, CE. (2016). Valorisation of Agricultural Residues [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/68495 / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales

Cellulosic biomass-to-bioenergy systems can provide environmental and economic benefits to modern societies, reducing the dependence on fossil-fuels and greenhouse gas emissions while simultaneously improving rural economies. Corn (Zea mays L.) stover and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) residues have particular promise given these crops are widely grown and their cellulosic fractions present a captured resource as a co-product of grain production. Annual systems also offer the ability to change crops rapidly in response to changing market demands. However, concerns exist about residue removal effects on soil health, greenhouse gases emissions and subsequent crop productivity. The carbon footprint and the crop yield productivity and soil health responses resulting from the removal of crop residues has been studied extensively over the last 20 years, but this research has been largely conducted in the Corn Belt. To investigate the impact of crop residue removal in the Mid-Atlantic USA, combinations of corn stover (0, 3.33, 6.66, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1) and wheat straw (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 Mgha-1) were soil applied in a corn-wheat/soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation in Virginia's Coastal Plain. Corn stover (0, 3.33, 6.66, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1) was applied in a continuous corn cropping system in the Ridge/Valley province. For each system, residues were applied following grain harvest over two production cycles. Each experiment was conducted as a randomized complete design with four replications. The highest rates of stover retention resulted in greater greenhouse gas emissions in year 1, but not year 2 of these studies and did not affect overall global warming potentials. Stover application also increased soil carbon but had little effect on other measures of soil quality. Stover K levels were greater with high rates of stover retention. Overall, these studies indicate little effect of residue removal or retention (above typical residue production rates) on subsequent crop production, greenhouse gas emissions, or soil health measures in the short term. This study is one of the first to assess residue removal in the Mid-Atlantic USA and is the first study to investigate the impacts that managing more than one crop residue in a multi-crop system. Longer-term research of this type may be warranted both to determine the consequences of residue management and to start building a regionally-specific body of knowledge about these practices. / Ph. D. / Over the last decade, strategic economic and environmental concerns have increased interest in the use of crop residues as sustainable, renewable sources for bioenergy and bio-products. Most of the work investigating the sustainability of residue removal has occurred in the US Corn Belt, where corn stover and wheat straw (the part of the plant that is not grain) supplies are abundant. Although the research data from the Corn Belt provide guarded optimism about residue harvest systems in the Midwest, it is not suitable to extrapolate these results to the South because of differences in soils, climate, and cropping systems. Cooler, humid conditions can sustain higher levels of soil organic matter, lessening but not eliminating concerns about stover removal. Current research from the Midwest region suggests routine stover harvest – within limits – can be sustainable. The development of new bioenergy and bioproduct industries in the Southeast region is leading to a growing expectation that regional cropping systems will supply the millions of tons of biomass needed for these new businesses. However, few data are available regarding sustainable crop residue harvest from the Southeast. Sustainable levels of residue removal may be quite low given regional soil and climatic conditions, and the effects of residue removal on soil health parameters and greenhouse gas emissions remain to be defined. The purpose of this project was to determine the amount of corn stover and wheat straw can sustainably be harvested from Virginia’s grain-based cropping systems without reducing plant productivity or soil quality or increasing GHG emissions. This research generated regionally relevant information on the impacts of crop residue removal to help determine whether harvesting wheat straw and corn stover can be a sustainable practice for the region’s cropping systems. In a first stage, short term impacts of residue removal on soil quality and greenhouse gases were measured in Blacksburg and New Kent, VA, over the period 2015-2017.

This thesis investigates the optimization of washing techniques before bleaching a pulp produced using ionic liquids. One pulp is from softwood and the other from wheat straw. Through experiments with varied temperatures and concentrations, the effectiveness of different washing conditions was evaluated, focusing on their impact on kappa number, viscosity, yield and reject amount for the softwood pulp. The wheat straw pulp was studied using the same optimal washing conditions that gave the best results for the softwood pulp. The results showed that washing at 75°C with 1.5% NaOH was the most effective. After washing, the softwood pulp had a kappa number of 20.0 and a viscosity of 162 mL/g. For the wheat straw pulp, the best result was a wash with 1.5% NaOH at 75°C, resulting in a kappa number of 16.2 and a viscosity of 446 mL/g. The washing process proved effective on a laboratory scale and the next step will be to conduct pilot-scale trials. The trials so far show that there is potential to scale up the washing of pulp produced by ionic liquid-based cooking. After washing, bleaching was performed using sodium chlorite. This method was suitable for laboratory-scale experiments, leading to a kappa number reduction from 20.0 down to 0.39 for the softwood pulp, with a viscosity loss from 162 mg/L down to 152 mL/g and a brightness of ISO 85%. For the wheat straw pulp, the kappa number decreased from 16.2 down to 0.62, the viscosity fall to 272 mL/g from 446 mg/L and the brightness reached ISO 76%. The study demonstrates that washing parameters can be optimized to achieve high brightness of the final bleached pulp without significantly altering its physical properties. The kappa number decreases while the viscosity remains relatively stable for the soft wood pulp, indicating that the process can consistently produce the same results. The wheat straw pulp lost viscosity from a high level. Loss of viscosity must be expected in some extent. The insights from this study reveal that pulp produced with ionic liquids can be washed and bleached effectively under control. The control of loss of viscosity is crucial for industrial applications. Future process development will require efficient chemical recovery. It is not possible to have wastes out of the process. It will be essential to close the process and it will ensure the sustainability of the process.

No description available.

No description available.

Tikslas – įvertinti tiesioginės sėjos, supaprastinto žemės dirbimo ir augalinių liekanų įtaką kai kuriems vasarinių rapsų agroekosistemos komponentams. Stacionarus dviejų veiksnių lauko eksperimentas įrengtas 1999 m. Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto Bandymų stotyje. A veiksnys − šiaudų panaudojimas: šiaudai pašalinti (-Š); šiaudai susmulkinti ir paskleisti (+Š). B veiksnys − žemės dirbimos sistemos: įprastas gilus arimas 23–25 cm gyliu rudenį (GA), kontrolinis variantas; seklus arimas 10–12 cm gyliu rudenį (SA); seklus purenimas kultivatoriumi strėliniais noragėliais ir lėkštiniais padargais 8–10 cm gyliu rudenį (KL); seklus purenimas rotoriniu kultivatoriumi 5–6 cm gyliu prieš sėją (RK); seklus žaliosios trąšos įterpimas rotoriniu kultivatoriumi 5–6 cm gyliu prieš sėją (ŽTRK) ir tiesioginė sėja į neįdirbtą ražieną (ND). Vienoje bandymo dalyje šiaudai pašalinti, o kitoje dalyje susmulkinti ir paskleisti. Tiek fone be šiaudų, tiek fone su paskleistais šiaudais buvo tiriamos visos žemės dirbimo sistemos. Šiaudų įterpimas (+Š) neturėjo esminės įtakos tirtiems vasarinių rapsų agroekosistemos komponentams. Seklus purenimas rotoriniu kultivatoriumi 5–6 cm gyliu prieš sėją (RK) ir seklus žaliosios trąšos įterpimas rotoriniu kultivatoriumi 5–6 cm gyliu prieš sėją (ŽTRK) esmingai padidino vasarinių rapsų daigų skaičių. Dirvožemio kietį armenyje didino visos neariminio žemės dirbimo sistemos. Šlyties pasipriešinimą didino taip pat visos neariminio žemės dirbimo sistemos tiek 0–10 cm... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of investigation – to evaluate effect of reduced soil tillage and plant residue on some rape agroecosystem components. Stationary two – factor field experiment was estab-lished in Aleksandras Stulginskis University at the Experimental station in 1999. Factor A – the use of straw: straw removed (-Š); straw chopped and spread (+Š). Factor B – tillage sys-tems: conventional deep ploughing at 23–25 cm depth in autumn (GA), control; shallow ploughing at 10–12 cm depth in autumn (SA); shallow loosening with tine coulter and disk implements at 8–10 cm depth in autumn (KL); shallow loosening with rotary cultivator at 5–6 cm depth before sowing (RK); shallow incorporation of green manure with rotary cultivator at 5–6 cm depth before sowing (ŽTRK) and no tillage, direct sowing (ND). In one field experiment part straw removed, and the other part chopped and spread. Both the background without straw and spread at the background of the straw was investigated all tillage systems. Straw incorporation (+Š) had no significant effect on studied rape agroecosystem components. Shallow loosening with rotary cultivator at 5–6 cm depth before sowing (RK) and shallow incorporation of green manure with rotary cultivator at 5–6 cm depth before sowing (ŽTRK) signitificantly increased the number of rape seedlings. All tillage systems in the soil plow layer increased the penetration resistence. All tillage systems significantly inc-reased shear strenght at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm and depth. The... [to full text]

O processamento da cana gera vários co-produtos tais como, o bagaço e a palha, sendo esta considerada um dos principais resíduos gerados devido à mecanização da colheita. Assim, a disponibilidade e a composição desse resíduo de cana-de-açúcar têm impulsionado muitas pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que proporcionem o seu aproveitamento efetivo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a separação dos principais componentes da palha de cana-de-açúcar para a obtenção de insumos químicos com maior valor econômico, sendo proposta a obtenção, caracterização e modificação da celulose desta biomassa vegetal, a ser utilizada na síntese da carboximetilcelulose (CMC) partindo da celulose branqueada por meio da combinação do processo químico com o enzimático, utilizando xilanase. Foi também avaliada a influência nas propriedades mecânicas, termogravimétricas e morfológicas das poliuretanas, ao adicionar-se celulose a esses polímeros obtidos a partir de óleo de mamona (Ricinus communis L.). A palha de cana foi pré-tratada por explosão a vapor e submetida à deslignificação alcalina. Foi realizado, posteriormente, o tratamento utilizando-se xilanase e então, a polpa foi branqueada com peróxido de hidrogênio. A polpa branqueada obtida foi utilizada para obtenção de CMC. Foi determinado o ganho de massa após a reação de obtenção e o grau de substituição da CMC obtida. A polpa deslignificada (celulose) foi utilizada como reforço para obtenção de biocompósitos com poliuretana obtida a partir do óleo de mamona. Os biocompósitos obtidos foram analisados por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), termogravimetria (TGA), foram determinadas as propriedades mecânicas, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e estudo de absorção de água. A adição de fibras de palha em matriz de PU de óleo de mamona melhorou as propriedades mecânicas comparado à matriz pura, e uma possível redução no custo sugere uma aplicação industrial do produto final. / The sugarcane processing generates various agricultural byproducts such as bagasse and straw, which is considered one of the main waste generated due to the mechanization of the harvest in Brazil. Thus, the availability and composition of sugarcane straw have driven a great effort to develop technologies that provide its effective utilization. This study aimed to separate the main components of sugarcane straw to obtain chemical products with higher economic value, and the proposed obtainment is the modification and characterization of cellulose biomass to be used in the synthesis of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) based on the bleached pulp through a combination of chemical process with the enzyme, using xylanase. It was also studied the influence in mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of polyurethane obtained from castor oil (Ricinus Communis L.) reinforced composites. Sugarcane straw was pretreated by steam explosion, delignified, treated with xylanase and bleached with hydrogen peroxide. The bleached cellulose obtained was used to produce CMC. It was determined the mass gain and the degree of substitution of the obtained CMC. The delignified pulp (cellulose) was used as reinforcement in composites of polyurethane obtained from castor oil. The biocomposites were analysed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), and it was also determined the mechanical properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water absorption. The incorporation of sugarcane straw fibers in the polyurethane matrix improved the mechanical properties compared with the pure matrix, and a possible reduction in the costs of production suggests a industrial application of the material.

Materiais lignocelulósicos, como a palha de cevada, são fontes de baixo custo com potenciais aplicações em bioprocessos. A fração hemicelulósica destes materiais pode ser hidrolisada usando-se ácidos minerais, para a liberação de seu principal açúcar componente, a xilose que é substrato para a bioprodução de xilitol. Já a fração celulósica pode ser deslignificada fazendo uso de álcalis e posteriormente hidrolisada com ácidos minerais para a liberação da glicose. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar economicamente a bioprodução de xilitol a partir da fração hemicelulósica da palha de cevada. A caracterização química da palha de cevada revelou a presença de 38,55% de celulose, 21,41% de hemicelulose e 19,90% de lignina. Após a etapa de caracterização a palha foi hidrolisada utilizando-se ácido sulfúrico para extração da xilose, empregando-se um planejamento fatorial 24-1. As melhores condições de hidrólise foram a uma temperatura de 120ºC, concentração ácida de 2,6%, tempo de reação de 20 minutos e relação sólido: líquido de 1:13,5. Nessas condições obteve-se um rendimento de extração de xilose da ordem de 84,38%. A celolignina resultante desse processo foi submetida a uma nova hidrólise de acordo com planejamento experimental 24-1 sendo que as melhores condições de hidrólise para a máxima eficiência de extração de glicose de 67,96% foi a uma temperatura de 179ºC, concentração ácida de 3%, tempo de reação de 30 minutos e relação sólido: líquido de 1:8. Após a realização das hidrólises, o hidrolisado hemicelulósico foi submetido à destoxificação para eliminação dos compostos inibitórios ao metabolismo microbiano e sua posterior fermentação com a levedura Candida guilliermondii enquanto o hidrolisado celulósico rico em glicose foi utilizado para suplementar o meio de fermentação constituído do hidrolisado hemicelulósico uma vez que a glicose foi um dos parâmetros nutricionais avaliados no planejamento fatorial 26-2 utilizado para as fermentações realizadas em frascos Erlenmeyer. Estes experimentos foram realizados por 72 horas e as melhores condições de cultivo determinadas pelo modelo foram: 3,0 g/L de sulfato de amônio, 1,0 g/L de cloreto de cálcio, 20,0 g/L de solução de extrato farelo de arroz e hidrolisado hemicelulósico contendo o teor de 60 g/L de xilose sendo que a concentração inicial de células em cada frasco foi de 1,0 g/L. Nestas condições obteve-se um consumo de xilose e eficiência de conversão de 96,59 e 59,98%, respectivamente, sendo a produtividade volumétrica de xilitol de 0,48 g/L.h. A fim de avaliar o efeito da disponibilidade de oxigênio sobre a bioconversão de xilose em xilitol foram realizadas fermentações empregando-se as melhores condições de cultivo obtidas em frascos agitados em reator de 1L onde os parâmetros agitação e aeração foram estudados segundo um planejamento fatorial 22. De acordo com os resultados os máximos valores de produção, produtividade volumétrica e fator de conversão de xilose em xilitol foram 51,28 g/L, 0,71 g/L.h e 0,88 g/g, respectivamente, quando a agitação foi de 200 rpm e aeração de 0,9 vvm (KLa≅18h-1) em 72 horas de fermentação. As condições de fermentação estabelecidas durante a utilização de reator de 1 L foram então empregadas para avaliar o processo a partir de um reator de maior capacidade (16 L), utilizando como critério de ampliação o KLa. Os valores de produção, produtividade volumétrica e fator de conversão de xilose em xilitol foram respectivamente 55,63 g/L, 0,77 g/L.h e 0,91 g/g, correspondendo a eficiência de conversão de 99,23%. O caldo fermentado resultante desta fermentação foi submetido à centrifugação e posterior clarificação. Por fim foi realizado um estudo econômico em cada etapa do processo considerando os equipamentos, os meios de cultivo empregados e reagentes, consumo de energia elétrica e água utilizados no processo, bem como a depreciação dos equipamentos. Após este estudo constatou-se que o valor para o xilitol produzido por via biotecnológica a partir do hidrolisado hemicelulósico de palha de cevada é de R$ 1.389,05. / Lignocellulosic materials, such as barley straw, are sources of low cost and with potential applications in bioprocesses. The hemicellulosic fraction of these materials can be hydrolyzed using mineral acids to release xylose, its major sugar component, which is substrate to bioproduction of xylitol. The cellulosic fraction can be delignified using alkalis followed by treatment with mineral acids to release glucose. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the economic bioproduction of xylitol from hemicellulosic fraction of barley straw. Chemical characterization of barley straw revealed the presence of 38.55% cellulose, 21.41% hemicellulose and 19.90% lignin. After the characterization stage, the barley straw was hydrolyzed with sulphuric acid for the extraction of xylose using a 24-1 factorial design. The optimum condition was temperature 120ºC, acid concentration 2.6%, reaction time 20 min and solid:liquid ratio 1:13.5. Under this condition the xylose extraction yield was about 84.38%. The celolignin was then submitted to a new hydrolyze according to a 24-1 factorial design and the best condition for maximum glucose extraction yield (67.96%) was temperature 179ºC, acid concentration 3%, reaction time 30 min and solid:liquid ratio 1:8. After hydrolysis, the hemicellulosic hydrolysate was submitted to a detoxification step to eliminate the compounds inhibitory to the microbial metabolism and fermentation with the yeast Candida guilliermondii while the cellulosic hydrolysate, rich in glucose, was used to supplement the fermentation medium consisting of the hemicellulosic hydrolysate as glucose was one of the nutritional parameters evaluated in the factorial design 26-2 employed to the fermentations carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks. These experiments were conducted for 72 h and the best culture conditions determined by the model were: 3.0 g/L ammonium sulfate, 1.0 g/L calcium chloride, 20.0 g/L solution of rice straw and hemicellulosic hydrolysate containing 60 g/L xylose. The initial cell concentration in each flask was 1.0 g/L. Under this condition the xylose consumption and conversion efficiency was 96.59 and 59.98%, respectively. The volumetric productivity of xylitol was 0.48 g/L.h. To evaluate the effect of oxygen availability on the bioconversion of xylose into xylitol It was realized fermentations employing the best culture conditions obtaining under agitation in 1L reaction where the parameters agitation and aeration were studied using a 22 factorial design. According to the results the maximum values of production, volumetric productivity and the factor of xylose concentration into xylitol were 51,28 g/L, 0.71 g/L.h and 0.88 g/g, respectively, when the agitation was 200 rpm and aeration 0.9 vvm (KLa≅18h-1) in 72 h fermentation. The fermentation conditions established during the utilization of 1 L reactor were then employed to evaluate the process from a reactor of higher capacity (16 L), and KLa was use as criteria to scale up. Production, volumetric productivity and the factor of xylose conversion into xylitol were 55.63 g/L, 0.77 g/L.h and 0.91 g/g, respectively, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 99.23%. The fermented broth obtained from this fermentation was centrifuged and clarified. An economic study was realized for each stage of the process, considering equipment, reagents of the culture media, electric energy consumption and water utilized in the process, as well as equipment. It was found that the value of biotechnological produced xylitol from hemicellulosic hydrolysate of barley straw is R$ 1.389.05.

No campo da pesquisa em etanol de segunda geração (lignocelulósico), o Brasil mostra-se como um ator em potencial para a transformação e difusão da ciência em tecnologia. A produção em escala comercial - em especial na fronteira da inovação em etanol lignocelulósico e dos novos produtos oriundos desta conversão - requer alta tecnologia para o desenvolvimento de produtos e processos, matéria-prima disponível e viável, além de um ambiente institucional favorável. Esses fatores colocam o setor sucroenergético brasileiro em posição de destaque e justificam a questão central desta tese que é analisar - sob a perspectiva dos avanços científicos nacionais para o etanol de segunda geração e de seu potencial inovativo - o grau de desenvolvimento do Sistema Nacional de Inovação (SNI) com base na articulação existente entre as pesquisas realizadas por brasileiros em comparação com as realizadas por outros países e em específico os Estados Unidos. A abordagem teóricoconceitual e metodológica estrutura-se nos conceitos da economia evolucionista, subjacentes à formação de Redes de Inovação. Há robustas evidências que mostram que a colaboração científica em redes correlaciona-se positivamente com a difusão do conhecimento científico. As patentes ao assimilarem o conhecimento científico disponível permitem criar novos padrões tecnológicos, novos produtos e processos. Mas também, podem direcionar o fluxo de conhecimento criando uma trajetória tecnológica, ou seja, o caminho realizado para chegar-se em determinada patente. O conhecimento acumulado em determinada patente é representado pelas patentes que a originaram e que envolve diversos setores e atividades. Assim as Redes de Inovação na ótica evolucionista podem ser consideradas indicadores de inovação de determinada atividade ou produto, proxy, para o grau de desenvolvimento de um SNI. Neste cenário, são utilizados dois procedimentos metodológicos complementares, que permitem entender a dinâmica da produção científica e da inovação: a) Redes de Inovação em publicações para a colaboração científica entre países, instituições, KeyWord Plus e citações; e b) Redes de Inovação em patentes para as áreas de aplicação através do IPC8. Portanto, na ótica do desenvolvimento de um SNI, contam principalmente: o grau de colaboração científica, relevância e inserção. Apesar do SNI em etanol de segunda geração possuir elementos necessários para a transformação da ciência em tecnologia, observou-se baixo grau de desenvolvimento em reflexo às seguintes características: a) um baixo grau de colaboração científica internacional em comparação com os Estados Unidos e o Mundo; b) os esforços gerados não estão alinhados com o gargalo tecnológico do etanol de segunda geração; c) há apenas uma instituição representativa no cenário internacional, d) existe uma relação fraca entre universidade-governo-empresa; e) o potencial de difusão do conhecimento não é explorado, seja na forma de publicações científicas quanto na forma de patentes. Conclui-se que o SNI em etanol de segunda geração no Brasil está desenvolvendose, mas com baixa articulação com pesquisadores internacionais, além de uma baixa interação universidade-governo-empresa. Os esforços indicam que o Brasil irá especializar-se na fermentação, processo em que já possui conhecimento acumulado. / In the research area of second generation ethanol (lignocellulosic), Brazil has been shown as a potential actor for changing and spreading the science through technologies. The commercial scale of production - especially in the innovation frontier in lignocellulosic ethanol and new products from this conversion - requires high technology for products and processes development, available and feasible raw materials, plus a favorable institutional environment. These factors place the Brazilian sugarcane industry in a prominent position and justify the central question of this thesis which is to analyze - from the perspective of national scientific advances in second generation ethanol and its innovative potential - the development degree of a National Innovation System (NIS) based on the articulation between researches conducted by Brazilians in the comparison to researches made by other countries, specific by the United States. The theoretical-conceptual and methodological framework is based on evolutionary economics concepts, underlying the Innovation Networks formation. There is a robust evidence that shows the scientific collaboration though networks are positively correlated with the spread of scientific knowledge. Patents in the process of assimilating available scientific knowledge allow to create new technological standards, new products and processes. But also can direct the knowledge flow by creating a technological path, in other words, the path taken to arrive in certain patent. The accumulated knowledge in a particular patent is represented by patents which have originated and that involving different sectors and activities. Thus the Innovation Networks in an evolutionary perspective can be considered as measures of the innovation of a particular activity or product, indeed a proxy for the development degree of the NIS. In this scenario, it was used two complementary methodological procedures, which allow to understand the dynamics of scientific production and innovation: a) Innovation Networks in publications for the scientific collaboration between countries, institutions, KeyWord Plus and citations and b) Innovation Networks in patents for some application areas using IPC8 class. Therefore, in the sight of development of NIS rely mainly: the scientific collaboration degree, relevance and insertion. Despite the NIS in second generation ethanol has necessary elements to change the science and technology, it was observed a low development degree which reflects the following characteristics: a) low degree of international scientific collaboration in comparison with the United States and World; b) efforts generated are not aligned with the technological bottleneck in second generation ethanol; c) only one representative institution in the international scenario; d) weak relationship between university-government-enterprise, e) potential of conversion of knowledge is not exploited, either in the form of scientific publications and in the form of patents. It was concluded that the NIS on second generation ethanol in Brazil is developing, but with low articulation with international researchers, besides a low university-government-enterprise interaction. Efforts indicate that Brazil will specialize in the fermentation, process that has already accumulated knowledge.