Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur förskollärares val av styrning och barns delaktighet kommer till uttryck i förskollärares beskrivningar av måltidssituationen i förskolan. Studien ska bidra med att ge förskollärare en medvetenhet om måltiden och konsekvenserna av deras styrning, detta för att utveckla en så god måltidssituation som möjligt för barnen, där barnen ges möjligheter att påverka. Studien genomförs genom en kvalitativ metod där sex förskollärare intervjuas för att skapa en djupare förståelse för måltiden. Den insamlade empirin analyseras genom tematisering för att ges en överblick av vad som framkommer i empirin. I resultat och analysdelen används det teoretiska ramverket som verktyg för att analysera empirin, det teoretiska ramverket består av det sociokulturella perspektivet, barnperspektiv, barns perspektiv, stark lärarkontroll och svag lärarkontroll. I resultatet framkommer det både likheter och skillnader i förskollärares val av styrning. Förskollärare har vissa förutbestämda regler och riktlinjer som inte är föränderliga medan vissa regler och riktlinjer skapas i samspel med barnen. Förskollärarnas val av styrning visar sig bero på vilken lärarroll de intar och kan vara anpassad utefter den enskilda individen. Barnens utrymme till delaktighet ser även olika ut i olika verksamheter. Det visar sig att när förskollärarna intar en stark lärarkontroll minskar barnens utrymme för delaktighet och när förskollärarna intar en svag lärarkontroll ökar deras utrymme för delaktighet. Studiens slutsats är att förskollärarens val av styrning har en viss påverkan på barns möjligheter att bli aktiva deltagare under måltidssituationen i förskolan. / Through a qualitative method where six preschool teachers are interviewed to create a deeper understanding of the meal. The collected empirics are analyzed through thematization to give an overview of what emerges in the empirics. In the results and analysis part, the theoretical framework is used as a tool for analyzing the empirical data, the theoretical framework consists of the socio-cultural perspective, children's perspective, children's perspective, strong teacher control and weak teacher control. The results show both similarities and differences in preschool teachers' choice of governance. Preschool teachers have certain predetermined rules and guidelines that are not changeable while certain rules and guidelines are created in interaction with the children. The preschool teachers' choice of governance turns out to depend on the teaching role they take on and can be adapted to the individual. The children's space for participation also looks different in different activities. It turns out that when preschool teachers take a strong teacher control, the children's space for participation decreases and when preschool teachers take a weak teacher control, their space for participation increases. The study concludes that the preschool teacher's choice of management has a certain impact on children's opportunities to become active participants during the meal situation in preschool.

The goal of this thesis is two-fold. On the one hand, it pursues to provide a contribution to the conjugate duality by proposing a new duality concept, which can be understood as an umbrella for different meaningful perturbation methods. On the other hand, this thesis aims to investigate minimax location problems by means of the duality concept introduced in the first part of this work, followed by a numerical approach using epigraphical splitting methods. After summarizing some elements of the convex analysis as well as introducing important results needed later, we consider an optimization problem with geometric and cone constraints, whose objective function is a composition of n+1 functions. For this problem we propose a conjugate dual problem, where the functions involved in the objective function of the primal problem are decomposed. Furthermore, we formulate generalized interior point regularity conditions for strong duality and give necessary and sufficient optimality conditions. As applications of this approach we determine the formulae of the conjugate as well as the biconjugate of the objective function of the primal problem and analyze an optimization problem having as objective function the sum of reciprocals of concave functions. In the second part of this thesis we discuss in the sense of the introduced duality concept three classes of minimax location problems. The first one consists of nonlinear and linear single minimax location problems with geometric constraints, where the maximum of nonlinear or linear functions composed with gauges between pairs of a new and existing points will be minimized. The version of the nonlinear location problem is additionally considered with set-up costs. The second class of minimax location problems deals with multifacility location problems as suggested by Drezner (1991), where for each given point the sum of weighted distances to all facilities plus set-up costs is determined and the maximal value of these sums is to be minimized. As the last and third class the classical multifacility location problem with geometrical constraints is considered in a generalized form where the maximum of gauges between pairs of new facilities and the maximum of gauges between pairs of new and existing facilities will be minimized. To each of these location problems associated dual problems will be formulated as well as corresponding duality statements and necessary and sufficient optimality conditions. To illustrate the results of the duality approach and to give a more detailed characterization of the relations between the location problems and their corresponding duals, we consider examples in the Euclidean space. This thesis ends with a numerical approach for solving minimax location problems by epigraphical splitting methods. In this framework, we give formulae for the projections onto the epigraphs of several sums of powers of weighted norms as well as formulae for the projection onto the epigraphs of gauges. Numerical experiments document the usefulness of our approach for the discussed location problems.

We investigate the electronic transport properties of semiconducting (m, n) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the mesoscopic length scale with arbitrarily distributed realistic defects. The study is done by performing quantum transport calculations based on recursive Green's function techniques and an underlying density-functional-based tight-binding model for the description of the electronic structure. Zigzag CNTs as well as chiral CNTs of different diameter are considered. Different defects are exemplarily represented by monovacancies and divacancies. We show the energy-dependent transmission and the temperature-dependent conductance as a function of the number of defects. In the limit of many defetcs, the transport is described by strong localization. Corresponding localization lengths are calculated (energy dependent and temperature dependent) and systematically compared for a large number of CNTs. It is shown, that a distinction by (m − n)mod 3 has to be drawn in order to classify CNTs with different bandgaps. Besides this, the localization length for a given defect probability per unit cell depends linearly on the CNT diameter, but not on the CNT chirality. Finally, elastic mean free paths in the diffusive regime are computed for the limit of few defects, yielding qualitatively same statements.

Donna J. Haraway ist eine US-amerikanische Biologin, Wissenschaftsphilosophin und Literaturwissenschaftlerin, die an den Departments History of Consciousness und Feminist Studies der University of California lehrte. In dieser Position hatte sie die erste explizit der Feministischen Theorie gewidmete Professur in den USA inne. Haraways Arbeiten bewegen sich in einem thematischen Schnittfeld von feministischer Erkenntniskritik, Cultural Studies, politischer Theorie und Biowissenschaften.

<p>U ovoj tezi dokazane su teoreme o nepokretnoj tački koje predstavljaju jednoznačna i vi&scaron;eznačna uop&scaron;tenja Banahovog prin&shy;cipa kontrakcije u verovatnosnim metričkim i fazi metričkim pros&shy;torima. Dokazana je teorema koja predstavlja uop&scaron;tenje teoreme o nepokretnoj tački za verovatnosnu ^-kontrakciju / :&nbsp; S &mdash;* S,gde je&nbsp; ( S ,&nbsp; J7, T ) kompletan Mengerov prostor. Uveden je pojam jake (6n)-kontrakcije i dokazana je teorema koja predstavlja uop&scaron;tenje teoreme Sehgala i Bharuche-Reid kada je preslikavanje / :&nbsp; S &mdash;&gt; S jaka (6n)-kontrakcija. Teorema Caristija, koja predstavlja jedan od najvažnijih rezultata za teoriju nepokretne tačke i nelinearnu analizu uop&scaron;tena je u kompletnom Mengerovom prostoru&nbsp; (S ,&nbsp; F , T ), gde je t-norma&nbsp; T H -tipa. Kako Mengerovi prostori pripadaju klasi kvazi-uniformnih prostora dokazana je teorema o nepokretnoj tački tri preslikavanja u jednoj specijalnoj klasi kvazi-uniformnih prostora. Dokazana je teorema o nepokretnoj tački koja predstavlja verovatnosno uop&scaron;tenje Nadlerove g-kontrakcije za tri preslikavanja kao i uop&scaron;tenje Hiksovog principa kontrakcije za tri preslikavanja. Teorija<br />kontraktora, koju je uveo M. Altman, odnosi se na re&scaron;avanje nelin&shy;earnih operatorskih jednačina u Banahovim prostorima. U tezi su dokazane teoreme koje obezbeđuju postojanje i jedinstvenost re&scaron;enja za nelinearne operatorske jednačine sa jednoznačnim i vi&scaron;eznačnim operatorom u nearhimedovskim Mengerovim verovatnosnim normi&shy; ranim prostorima.</p> / <p>In this thesis fixed point theorems which present singleval&shy;<br />ued and multivalued generalization of Banach contraction principle<br />in probabilistic metric and fuzzy metric spaces are proved. The<br />theorem which presents generalization of fixed point theorem for<br />probabilistic g-contraction / :&nbsp; S &mdash;* S is proved, where ( S ,&nbsp; J7, T ) is<br />complete Menger space. A notion of strong (&pound;&gt;n)-contraction is in&shy;<br />troduced and the theorem which presents a generalization of Sehgal<br />and Bharucha-Raid theorem when the mapping / :&nbsp; S&nbsp; &mdash;&raquo;&nbsp; S is strong<br />(6n)-contraction is proved. Caristi&rsquo;s theorem, which presents one of<br />the most imortant results for the fixed point theorem and nonlinear<br />analysis is generalized in complete Menger space&nbsp; (S, J-, T ), where<br />t-norm&nbsp; T is of&nbsp; H -type. As Menger&rsquo;s spaces belong to the class of<br />quasi-uniformizable spaces, the fixed point theorem for three map&shy;<br />pings in one special class of quasi-uniformizable spaces is proved.<br />The fixed point theorem which presents a probabilistic generaliza&shy;<br />tion of Nadler g-contraction for three mappings is proved as well<br />as the generalization of Hicks&rsquo;s contraction principle for three map&shy;<br />pings. The theory of contractor, which was introduced by M. A lt&shy;<br />man refers to solving nonlinear operator equations in Banach spaces.<br />This thesis proves the theorems which provide the existence and<br />uniqueness of the solutions for nonlinear operator equations with<br />singlevalued and multivalued operators in nonarhimedian Menger&rsquo;s<br />probabilistic normed spaces</p>

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21327号 / 理博第4423号 / 新制||理||1635(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)准教授 COLLINS,Benoit Vincent Pierre, 教授 泉 正己, 教授 日野 正訓 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

A numerical treatment of non-linear higher-order geometric evolution equations with the level set and the finite element method is presented. The isotropic, weak anisotropic and strong anisotropic situation is discussed. Most of the equations considered in this work arise from the field of thin film growth. A short introduction to the subject is given. Four different models are discussed: mean curvature flow, surface diffusion, a kinetic model, which combines the effects of mean curvature flow and surface diffusion and includes a further kinetic component, and an adatom model, which incorporates in addition free adatoms. As an introduction to the numerical schemes, first the isotropic and weak anisotropic situation is considered. Then strong anisotropies (non-convex anisotropies) are used to simulate the phenomena of faceting and coarsening. The experimentally observed effect of corner and edge roundings is reached in the simulation through the regularization of the strong anisotropy with a higher-order curvature term. The curvature regularization leads to an increase by two in the order of the equations, which results in highly non-linear equations of up to 6th order. For the numerical solution, the equations are transformed into systems of second order equations, which are solved with a Schur complement approach. The adatom model constitutes a diffusion equation on a moving surface. An operator splitting approach is used for the numerical solution. In difference to other works, which restrict to the isotropic situation, also the anisotropic situation is discussed and solved numerically. Furthermore, a treatment of geometric evolution equations on implicitly given curved surfaces with the level set method is given. In particular, the numerical solution of surface diffusion on curved surfaces is presented. The equations are discretized in space by standard linear finite elements. For the time discretization a semi-implicit discretization scheme is employed. The derivation of the numerical schemes is presented in detail, and numerous computational results are given for the 2D and 3D situation. To keep computational costs low, the finite element grid is adaptively refined near the moving curves and surfaces resp. A redistancing algorithm based on a local Hopf-Lax formula is used. The algorithm has been extended by the authors to the 3D case. A detailed description of the algorithm in 3D is presented in this work. / In der Arbeit geht es um die numerische Behandlung nicht-linearer geometrischer Evolutionsgleichungen höherer Ordnung mit Levelset- und Finite-Elemente-Verfahren. Der isotrope, schwach anisotrope und stark anisotrope Fall wird diskutiert. Die meisten in dieser Arbeit betrachteten Gleichungen entstammen dem Gebiet des Dünnschicht-Wachstums. Eine kurze Einführung in dieses Gebiet wird gegeben. Es werden vier verschiedene Modelle diskutiert: mittlerer Krümmungsfluss, Oberflächendiffusion, ein kinetisches Modell, welches die Effekte des mittleren Krümmungsflusses und der Oberflächendiffusion kombiniert und zusätzlich eine kinetische Komponente beinhaltet, und ein Adatom-Modell, welches außerdem freie Adatome berücksichtigt. Als Einführung in die numerischen Schemata, wird zuerst der isotrope und schwach anisotrope Fall betrachtet. Anschließend werden starke Anisotropien (nicht-konvexe Anisotropien) benutzt, um Facettierungs- und Vergröberungsphänomene zu simulieren. Der in Experimenten beobachtete Effekt der Ecken- und Kanten-Abrundung wird in der Simulation durch die Regularisierung der starken Anisotropie durch einen Krümmungsterm höherer Ordnung erreicht. Die Krümmungsregularisierung führt zu einer Erhöhung der Ordnung der Gleichung um zwei, was hochgradig nicht-lineare Gleichungen von bis zu sechster Ordnung ergibt. Für die numerische Lösung werden die Gleichungen auf Systeme zweiter Ordnungsgleichungen transformiert, welche mit einem Schurkomplement-Ansatz gelöst werden. Das Adatom-Modell bildet eine Diffusionsgleichung auf einer bewegten Fläche. Zur numerischen Lösung wird ein Operatorsplitting-Ansatz verwendet. Im Unterschied zu anderen Arbeiten, die sich auf den isotropen Fall beschränken, wird auch der anisotrope Fall diskutiert und numerisch gelöst. Außerdem werden geometrische Evolutionsgleichungen auf implizit gegebenen gekrümmten Flächen mit Levelset-Verfahren behandelt. Insbesondere wird die numerische Lösung von Oberflächendiffusion auf gekrümmten Flächen dargestellt. Die Gleichungen werden im Ort mit linearen Standard-Finiten-Elementen diskretisiert. Als Zeitdiskretisierung wird ein semi-implizites Diskretisierungsschema verwendet. Die Herleitung der numerischen Schemata wird detailliert dargestellt, und zahlreiche numerische Ergebnisse für den 2D und 3D Fall sind gegeben. Um den Rechenaufwand gering zu halten, wird das Finite-Elemente-Gitter adaptiv an den bewegten Kurven bzw. den bewegten Flächen verfeinert. Es wird ein Redistancing-Algorithmus basierend auf einer lokalen Hopf-Lax Formel benutzt. Der Algorithmus wurde von den Autoren auf den 3D Fall erweitert. In dieser Arbeit wird der Algorithmus für den 3D Fall detailliert beschrieben.

[pt] Na primeira parte da tese, consideramos difeomorfismos com ciclos heterodimensionais associados a um par de selas P e Q de co-índice dois. Provamos que difeomorfismos com ciclos que possuem no mínimo um par de autovalores centrais do ciclo não real geram ciclos heterodimensionais robustos. Além disso, quando os autovalores centrais são não-reais, os ciclos robustos estão associados as continuações das selas iniciais (ou seja, os ciclos podem ser estabilizados). Na segunda parte deste trabalho estudamos mapas produto cruzado sobre aplicações deslocamento (do tipo Bernoulli) com fibras contrativas e dependência Holder nos pontos da base. Provamos que sistemas que satisfazem a propriedade de cobertura exibem blender simbólicos. Estes blenders são generalizações do blender usual cuja principal característica é que suas direções centrais podem ter qualquer dimensão d maior ou igual que 1. / [en] In the first part of the thesis, we consider diffeomorphisms having heterodimensional cycles associated with a pair of saddles P and Q of co-index two. We prove that diffeomorphisms with cycles, which have at least one pair of non-real central eigenvalues, generate robust heterodimensional cycles. Moreover, when both central eigenvalues are non-real, the robust cycles are associated with the continuation of the initial saddles (i.e. the cycle can be stabilized). In the second part of this work we study skew product maps over Bernoulli shifts with contracting fibers and Holder dependence on the base points. We prove that systems satisfying the covering property exhibit symbolic blenders. These blenders are generalizations of the usual blenders whose main property is that their central direction may have any dimension d greater than or equal to 1.

Unter den zahlreichen Elementen, die das Gesamtbild eines historischen Gartens ausmachen, sind die Pflanzgefäße eines der interessantesten und dennoch von Gartenhistorikern und Denkmalpflegern in ganz Europa am wenigsten beachteten. Auch wenn sie nur eine geringe Größe besitzen, ist doch die Entwicklung ihrer Form und der Art und Weise, wie sie im Garten platziert werden, durch den Fortschritt des gärt- nerischen und künstlerischen Denkens der Menschheit gekennzeichnet. Im Kontext der Zeit der Polnisch-Sächsischen Union, die durch das Prisma der Personen von August II. sowie seines Sohnes August III. und der Mitglieder ihrer Höfe analysiert werden, offenbaren die Töpfe auch die sozialen Bestrebungen des Adels und den ästhetischen Geschmack des Monarchen, der von den Eindrücken seiner jugendlichen Reisen durch Europa geprägt war.