Diss.--Würzburg--Phil. Fak., 1998/99. / Description, analyse critique et édition du manuscrit conservé à Vérone, à la Biblioteca Capitolare (Ms. MCXXVIII). Bibliogr. p. 59-105 (t.2). Index.

Cette thèse démontre le caractère fondamental du multilinguisme de Nabokov dans son écriture en anglais : après avoir été un auteur prolifique en russe, l’écrivain a opéré une transition linguistique et n’a plus composé ses romans qu’en langue anglaise. Cette dernière ne peut nullement être réduite à une langue seconde puisque Nabokov a su l’écrire avant le russe et la parlait depuis l’enfance. Il a par ailleurs bénéficié d’une éducation polyglotte puisqu’il maîtrisait parfaitement le français. Cette thèse étudie le style de Nabokov en soulignant sa créativité linguistique et en examinant le rôle fondateur que la traduction a joué dans le positionnement de ses différentes langues les unes par rapport aux autres. L’identité bilingue de Nabokov a pour conséquence que son écriture est déviante, mais aussi défiante : elle est marquée d’étrangeté (le caractère de ce qui est étrange) et d’étrangéité (ce qui est étranger). Dans ses romans, la langue anglaise voit surgir en son sein des mots étrangers qui, typographiquement et sémantiquement, déstabilisent la lecture : le phénomène de l’alternance codique (ou code-switching) est au cœur de cette thèse et interroge le rapport entre l’auteur tyrannique (Couturier) et son lecteur. La langue anglaise elle-même perd de sa familiarité et devient étrangère : le bilinguisme de Nabokov lui confère un statut d’étranger dans la langue, ce qui lui permet de voir la violence du langage (Lecercle) et de la faire apparaître, notamment grâce à des calembours et des néologismes. Nabokov est ce que Deleuze appelle un grand écrivain à l’aide d’une formule proustienne : ses livres « sont écrits dans une sorte de langue étrangère ». / This thesis shows how central Nabokov’s multilingualism was to his prose in English: after authoring several works in Russian, the writer changed languages and then only wrote his novels in English. It was not merely a second language for him because Nabokov could write English before Russian and he had spoken it since childhood. Besides, he enjoyed a polyglot education and was fluent in French. This thesis studies Nabokov’s style in English by focusing on his linguistic creativity and by examining the founding role that translation played in how his several tongues were going to position themselves in relation to one another. Nabokov’s bilingual identity means that his writing both challenges and deviates from the norm: it is dappled with strangeness and foreignness. In his novels, foreign words irrupt in the midst of the English prose and, typographically and semantically, they destabilize the reading experience: code-switching is at the heart of this thesis and questions the relation between “the narrator’s tyranny” (Couturier) and his reader. English itself loses its familiarity and becomes a foreign language: Nabokov’s bilingualism means he is like a foreigner in this tongue; therefore he reveals the violence of language (Lecercle) and puts it into play through puns and neologisms. Nabokov is what Deleuze calls, thanks to a Proustian expression, a great writer: his books “are written in a kind of foreign language”.

Cognitive ability has been identified as a factor which is associated with accounting expertise, yet little is known about its effects on accounting task performance. The widely-accepted model of accounting performance proposed by Libby and Luft (1993) predicts that cognitive ability influences accounting performance directly and indirectly by affecting task-specific knowledge. Empirical inconsistencies found in these relationships are largely unexplored in the accounting literature, and so a complete understanding of the ability~performance relation remains elusive. The psychology literature suggests that cognitive style, as well as cognitive ability, contributes to the cognitive processes that underlie accounting performance. Research has shown that cognitive style can affect accounting performance, particularly under conditions of cognitive misfit (Chan 1996). Cognitive misfit occurs when an accountant's cognitive style interacts with incongruent demands of the accounting task. Theory suggests the condition of cognitive misfit may explain empirical inconsistencies found in prior ability~performance research. The existing accounting literature has not investigated how cognitive misfit impacts the ability~performance relationship in accounting tasks. The current study explores how the condition of cognitive misfit affects direct and indirect relationships between cognitive ability and accounting performance proposed in the Libby and Luft (1993) performance model. The new knowledge generated in this research will benefit the accounting profession in its quest to identify the determinants of expert performance.

The purpose of this research was to utilise attachment theory in understanding the experience of bereavement in childhood. Research objectives were addressed by using a mixed method design. Study One explored how experience of bereavement in childhood relates to current attachment style in adulthood. This was a qualitative interview-based study utilising thematic analysis and a quantitative assessment of attachment styles. Twenty-four participants were employed. The established Experience in Close Relationships (ECR) questionnaire was used. The results through the thematic analysis indicated that people with different attachment styles provide different narratives about their childhood bereavement. This study provides evidence that this was so. Study Two was a co-relational study employing 121 participants who experienced loss of caregiver in childhood. Four established questionnaires were used: Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG; Prigerson et al., 1995), Experience in Close Relationships Questionnaire-Revised (ECR; Fraley, Waller, & Brennan, 2000), Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI; Silove, Manicavasagar, O’Connell, Blaszczynski, Wagner, & Henry, 1993) and Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979). The results showed that complicated grief was related to parental care and overprotection, separation anxiety, and adult attachment style. Anxious attachment style fully mediated the effects of parental bonding on complicated grief. Study Three was a quantitative co-relational study to compare two groups of parents (with and without a bereaved child) on child behavioural differences and links between child behavioural problems and parental characteristics. Two hundred and forty participants were employed: 139 parents of children with bereavement experience and 101 without bereavement experience. Five established questionnaires were used: Child Stress Questionnaire (CSQ), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), The Parenting Scale (PS), Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), and Experience in Close Relationships Questionnaire-Revised (ECR-R). The results showed that child problems were closely associated to parental qualities. It is proposed that this research can make a contribution towards utilising attachment theory in understanding the experience of bereavement in children.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-01-16T13:17:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeAP_DISSERT.pdf: 922294 bytes, checksum: 609e90f24f70bbac4be82828feb1a894 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-02-03T13:16:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeAP_DISSERT.pdf: 922294 bytes, checksum: 609e90f24f70bbac4be82828feb1a894 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-02-03T13:19:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeAP_DISSERT.pdf: 922294 bytes, checksum: 609e90f24f70bbac4be82828feb1a894 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T14:47:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeAP_DISSERT.pdf: 922294 bytes, checksum: 609e90f24f70bbac4be82828feb1a894 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The fruit quality characteristics are altered by the cultivar, maturity stage, environmental conditions and crop management. In general, the availability of nutrients for the plants affect the growth, yield and fruit quality. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the quality of watermelon with seeds 'Magnum' and seedless 'Style' at different stages of development grown under different phosphorus levels. The experiment was established in the municipality of Mossoró-RN, in experimental design of randomized blocks, with 24 treatments, two phosphorus levels (30 and 130 kg / ha), applied to the foundation, at a dose of 0 kg P/ha, without development of plants and/or fruits; with two watermelon cultivars (Magnum and Style) and six stages of development, conferred after anthesis (AA). For this, the female flowers were marked with different colored ribbons, starting the fruit harvest in the effective training, 12 days after anthesis (DAA), and interval of six days to 42 DAA. The following quality characteristics were evaluated in the fruit flesh firmness (PF), flesh color (L, a * and b *), glucose, fructose, sucrose, soluble solids (SS), starch, titratable acidity (TA), relationship SS/TA, ascorbic acid (AA) and lycopene. The treatments were subjected to analysis of variance; qualitative variables were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability, and the quantitative regression. In cultivation at 30 kg/ha P2O5, watermelon FP was higher. The cv. 'Magnum' showed higher fresh weight during development. The coloration a * and b * increased and the lightness (L *) of the pulp decreased with the development of fruit. The 'Magnum' watermelon accumulated higher SS; and 30 DAA SS content (11%) was higher than the watermelon 'Style' (9.8%). Fructose increased to 30 DAA to cv. 'Style' and 24 DAA for cv. 'Magnum'. Glucose increased to 24.77 DAA for both cultivars, but the sucrose content of the watermelon 'Magnum' was higher at 42 DAA. The starch content increased to 36 DAA, but watermelon 'Style' and remained higher content, the dose of P did not alter this attribute, but in watermelon "Magnum" the cultivation higher dose of P increased starch content. The SS / TA ratio of fruit was higher for watermelon 'Magnum' 42 DAA. Cultivation with the dose of 30 kg increased the SS/TA ratio of fruit in commercial maturity. AT fruit decreased from 21,15 DAA and the growing dose of 130 kg/ha P2O5 provided greater AT fruits. The highest lycopene accumulation occurred in the fruit until 38.65 DAA and was higher in watermelon 'Style'. Ascorbic acid increased by 30 DAA in watermelon 'Magnum' cultivated with 30 and 130 kg P2O5 and in watermelon 'Style' varied independently P doses. In both cultivars, there is a decline in ascorbic acid content from 36 DAA / As características de qualidade dos frutos são alteradas pela cultivar, estádio de maturação, condições ambientais e manejo da cultura. Em geral, a disponibilidade de nutrientes para as plantas afetam o seu crescimento, produtividade, qualidade dos frutos. Desta forma este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade de melancia com semente ‘Magnum’ e sem semente ‘Style’ em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento cultivada sob diferentes doses de fósforo. O experimento foi implantado no município de Mossoró-RN, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com 24 tratamentos, sendo duas doses de fósforo (30 e 130 kg/ha), aplicados em fundação, na dose de 0 kg de P/ha, não havendo desenvolvimento das plantas e/ou frutos, com duas cultivares de melancia (Magnum e Style) e seis estádios de desenvolvimento, conferidos após a antese (AA). Para isto, as flores femininas foram marcadas com fitas coloridas diferenciadas, iniciando-se a colheita do fruto na formação efetiva, 12 dias após a antese (DAA) e em intervalo de cada seis dias até 42 DAA. As seguintes características de qualidade foram avaliadas nos frutos: firmeza de polpa (FP), cor da polpa (L, a* e b*), glicose, frutose, sacarose, sólidos solúveis (SS), amido, acidez titulável (AT), relação SS/AT, ácido ascórbico (AA) e licopeno. Os tratamentos foram submetidos à análise de variância; as variáveis qualitativas foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade e as quantitativas, por regressão. No cultivo em dose de 30 kg/ha de P2O5, foi maior a FP da melancia. A cv. ‘Magnum’ apresentou maior massa fresca durante o desenvolvimento. As colorações a* e b* aumentaram e a luminosidade (L*) da polpa diminuiu com o desenvolvimento do fruto. A melancia ‘Magnum’ acumulou maior SS; e aos 30 DAA o conteúdo de SS (11%) foi superior à melancia ‘Style’ (9,8%). A frutose aumentou até 30 DAA para cv. ‘Style’ e 24 DAA para cv. ‘Magnum’. A glicose aumentou até 24,77 DAA para ambas as cultivares, mas o teor de sacarose da melancia ‘Magnum’ foi maior aos 42 DAA. O conteúdo de amido aumentou até 36 DAA, mas a melancia ‘Style’ manteve maior teor e a dose de P não alterou esse atributo, mas na melancia ‘Magnum’ o cultivo em maior dose de P aumentou o teor de amido. A relação SS/AT dos frutos foi maior para a melancia ‘Magnum’ aos 42 DAA. O cultivo com a dose de 30 kg aumentou a relação SS/AT dos frutos na maturidade comercial. A AT dos frutos diminuiu a partir de 21,15 DAA e a dose de cultivo de 130 kg/ha de P2O5 propiciou maior AT nos frutos. O maior acumulo de licopeno ocorreu nos frutos até 38,65 DAA e foi maior na melancia ‘Style’. O ácido ascórbico aumentou até 30 DAA na melancia ‘Magnum’ cultivada com 30 e 130 kg de P2O5 e na melancia ‘Style’ variou independentemente da dose de P. Em ambas as cultivares, há declínio no teor de ácido ascórbico a partir de 36 DAA / 2017-01-16

Along with China's economic growth and opening to the outside world, Chinese young people (mainly the post-80s and the post-90s) are affected by the commercialized culture. When targeting young consumers across cultures, many international advertisers prefer to use standardized visual advertisements. However, culture plays a key role in international advertising as the interpretation of advertising messages varies across cultures. Based on the framework of Analytic/Holistic Thought and Hybridity Theory, this study argued that Chinese and American young consumers adopt different thought patterns to process advertising messages. Looking at two important factors in advertising---image type and product type, this study advocated that marketers need to match the image type with their advertised products or brands, and to adopt congruous images that fit into young Chinese and American consumers' thought patterns. Past research on cultural studies and sociology has contributed to our understanding of how culture shapes the construction and deconstruction of advertising messages, and of the importance of image type used in advertising. In addition, marketing research helps us understand global consumer behaviors, the relationship between consumers' interpretations of ad messages and their attitudinal responses, and the importance of product type. Further, studies from cognitive psychology have provided useful framework for us to analyze the nature of human advertising behaviors and responses. Given the literature, this study sought to understand how culture influences consumers' interpretations of ad messages and how the interpretations further influence their evaluations of the ad and product, and their purchase intentions. This study employed a quantitative experimental design that included qualitative open-ended questions. The experiment tested the effect of culture on generating product/brand thoughts, examined the interaction effect of image type and product type on young consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions, and explored the relationship between the number of generated product/brand thoughts and ad effectiveness. The qualitative questions sought to explore how consumers across cultures recalled different types of objects from the ads and generated different types of product/brand thoughts. In conclusion, the study noted the following two key points: First, Chinese young consumers are less analytic than their American counterparts and tend to be more likely influenced by ad setting while recalling people portrayed in ads. Therefore, advertisers targeting young Chinese consumers may consider using a lifestyle format ad and focusing on portraying the attributes of focal people and objects as well as adding more visual pieces of context information. In contrast, advertising targeting American young consumers can adopt a personalized format, and focus on portraying the attributes of focal people and objects and on linking the attributes of focal people/objects to the product. Second, there is an interactive effect between product type and image type on ad effectiveness. For functional product advertising, using implicit images can be a creative strategy, especially for young Chinese consumers, as they may still infer the performance-related attributes (utilitarian attributes) of the products from background information. However, for symbolic product advertising, it is found that using implicit images discourages both Chinese and American participants from generating product/brand thoughts and from endowing the product with a typical product-user image from the ad.

À partir d’un corpus de 492 faits divers criminels relevés dans les quotidiens parisiens entre 1836 et 1881, ce travail s’efforce de montrer comment ce genre de discours journalistique est un lieu de citation d’autres discours, en particulier professionnels. La démarche stylistique adoptée, qui s’appuie sur les outils de l’analyse du discours, souligne la façon dont ces technolectes circulent dans la rubrique des faits divers, et sont souvent moins des citations explicites que des emprunts à des interdiscours volontiers constitués de clichés et de formules toutes prêtes et toutes faites. C’est ainsi le figement du fait divers qu’on met en avant, figement narratif, syntaxique et lexical ; ce figement lui vient parfois directement des discours auxquels il emprunte, et qui comme lui n’hésitent pas à fictionnaliser voire à inventer un événement. La démonstration s’attache à étudier la citation à l’intérieur de l’espace journalistique, afin de mettre en lumière la façon dont les faits-divers s’approprient l’article d’un autre, et à étudier leur position de sur- ou de sous-énonciateur par rapport au texte originel. C’est cette même position du fait-diversi qui est interrogée dans son rapport aux interdiscours médicaux et policiers ; ces derniers sont en effet des sources privilégiées de l’information fait-divers. L’analyse se reporte dans le même temps aux romans du siècle,feuilletons comme œuvres réalistes et naturalistes, avant de se pencher, à la fin de l’étude, sur les rapports du fait divers et de ces ouvrages. Il s’agit alors de montrer comment le fait divers,traversé de diverses voix, est un discours qui circule également dans la littérature de l’époque. / This work focuses on a corpus of 492 crime news items released in Parisian dailies between 1836 and 1881 and aims at showing how this specific journalistic discourse quotesother forms of discourse (particularly professional ones). The stylistic approach chosen, using discourse analysis tools, underlines the way those technolects circulate in crime news items and shows they are not so much explicit quotes as borrowings from interdiscourses often made up of clichés and ready-made, set phrases. This freezing of the crime news item is what stands out here: a narrative, syntactic and lexical freezing, stemming sometimes straight from the discourses from which it borrows. Both the crime news items and the discourses borrowedtend to fictionalize or even invent a drama.The work focuses on the quote within the journalistic space, so as to highlight how the crime news item writers make someone else’s article their own and studies the writers’ posture (as an over or an under-enunciator) regarding the original text. This same posture is also questioned in relation to both medical and police interdiscourses, which are the two privileged sources of information for crime news items. In the same time, the analysis refers to contemporary novels, whether serials or realist and naturalist works, before focusing on their relationships to crime news items. The aim is thus to show how the crime news item is a multiple-voice discourse which also circulates in the literature of that time.

L’étude a pour objet le chant de l’enseignant en Éducation musicale en France. Elle s’appuie sur la question suivante : Comment l’enseignant doit-il chanter ? Trois grandes parties structurent la démarche. Le premier Livre explore les écrits concernant la voix chantée de l’enseignant, qui, d’un « modèle » vocal légitime problématique dans le contexte de l’enseignement de masse, évolue vers une vocalité se voulant plus adaptée au contexte, mais toujours incertaine. Il conclut à la prégnance des choix esthétiques dans tout ce qui touche à la vocalité en éducation musicale. Le Livre II cherche à expliquer les raisons des paradoxes qui collent au chant de l’enseignant : il dégage les facteurs socio-historiques et didactiques qui font du chanter en éducation musicale une activité spécifique par son ancrage partiel dans les représentations traditionnelles du chant, et dans les grands concepts éducatifs. Le Livre III démontre la réalité des choix esthétiques et ses incidences sur la transposition didactique du chant. Par l’examen des traits stylistiques des répertoires valorisés, et par l’analyse acoustique de voix chantées d’enseignant, il met en évidence le rôle capital de la manière de chanter d’un enseignant dans la notion de vocalité. La démarche de recherche se finalise à travers la proposition d’une élaboration conceptuelle de « profils vocaux éducatifs ». / The subject of the study is the singing activity of teachers in French music education. The study poses the following question: how should the teacher sing? Three important subjects inform the answer. The first Book considers literature on the teacher’s singing voice. This voice is in the first place a legitimate vocal model ; but this in itself is problematic in the context of mass education. So the voice strives to take on a vocality better suited to the teaching environment. The conclusion of the first book is that it is aesthetic choices that prevail in everything relating to vocality in music teaching. Book II tries to explain the reasons for the paradoxes which are inherent in the teacher’s singing. It analyses the socio-historical and didactic factors which make music education such a particular activity as it is grounded both in traditional representations of singing and in educational concepts. Book Three shows just how present aesthetic choices are, and how they affect the way teachers adapt them to their teaching purposes. The stylistic features of various repertoires used are studied and the sound of music teachers’ voices is analysed. This enables us to show that the way a teacher sings plays a vital role in their teaching. As a result of this research we have drawn up a conceptual proposal for ‘educational vocal profiles’.

O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é verificar a existência de um estilo de aprendizagem e de um estilo de liderança predominantes na gestão de mulheres empreendedoras de pequenas empresas do setor de comércio varejista da cidade de São Carlos. Nas duas últimas décadas, foi observado um aumento significativo no número de empreendedoras mulheres tanto no Brasil como em diversos países do globo. A criação e gestão de negócios, tarefas antes tipicamente masculinas, agora são exercidas cada vez mais por mulheres. Esse crescimento no número de mulheres a frente de seus negócios tem sido alvo de atenção dos pesquisadores de empreendedorismo ao redor do mundo. Este trabalho abordará o tema sob a ótica dos estilos de aprendizagem e de liderança da empreendedora, suas inter-relações e suas influências ems pequenas empresas. As mulheres possuem maneiras diferentes de empreender, traçar as estratégias e liderar seus seguidores. Elas dão ênfase maior aos relacionamentos com os empregados, os fornecedores e os clientes. As prioridades, na maioria das vezes, não se expressam em cifras monetárias ou no crescimento da empresa. Elas prezam qualidade de vida, ou seja, para elas é importante saber administrar o tempo tornando possível conciliar os compromissos profissionais com os familiares. A partir destas características, assume-se a premissa de que a identificação do estilo de aprendizagem e do estilo de liderança das mulheres, venha ajudar a compreender o desenvolvimento de habilidades gerenciais que as auxiliem em suas empresas. A pesquisa foi uma survey e identificou os estilos de aprendizagem e o estilo de liderança das mulheres empreendedoras, no contexto das pequenas empresas estudadas. Para identificar esses estilos e as principais habilidades gerenciais das mulheres, foram utilizados os questionários Learning Style Inventory LSI e Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire MLQ. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram: quais os estilos de aprendizagem e estilos de liderança são predominantes entre as mulheres estudadas, as relações encontradas entre o estilo de aprendizagem e o estilo de liderança das mulheres, e quais as suas principais habilidades gerenciais / This research objective is to study learning style and leadership style of women entrepreneurs of small businesses in the retail sector in the city of São Carlos. In last two decades, there was a significant increase in women entrepreneurs in Brazil and worldwide. Several researchers have paid attention on women. This work investigates learning and leadership styles, their interrelationships and their influence on small businesses. Women have particular ways of entrepreneurship, to outline strategies and to lead their followers. Generally, their emphasis is to relationships with employees, suppliers and customers. Their priorities, frequently, are not expressed in terms of monetary or of company\'s growth. For them, life quality is important. They manage their time and to reconcile work commitments with family tasks. To understand women learning and leadership styles helps to realize what kind of management skills could help them in their business. This research was a survey. It identified learning and leadership style of women entrepreneurs in small business context. To identify these styles and the key managerial skills of women, we used The Learning Style Inventory (LSI) and the Leadership Multifactor Questionnaire (MLQ) were used to identify learning styles, managements skills and leadership style. The survey results show: what learning styles and leadership styles are prevalent among the women studied, the relationships between learning style and leadership style of these women, and what are their main management skills

Cette thèse monographique, consacrée à l'oeuvre filmique du cinéaste expérimental Stan Brakhage, constitue un apport en histoire et en esthétique du cinéma. Une recherche en archives a permis l'analyse de la filmographie complète du cinéaste composée de près de quatre cent films réalisés entre 1952 et 2003, et l'étude de ses archives non-film. Cette thèse propose une synthèse de ces analyses, dans une étude stylistique de l'oeuvre filmique du cinéaste.L'étude stylistique est fondée sur des analyses esthétiques, formelles et iconographiques.Un style naturaliste a pu être identifié et défini, avec en particulier les théories du naturalisme de Worringer dans Abstraction et Einfühlung, de Kris dans Le Style rustique, et de Zola avec la méthode expérimentale, réactualisées avec les théories du modernisme dont de Greenberg, et adaptées aux formes cinématographiques avec les théories d'Eisenstein et de Brakhage. Cette thèse stylistique prétend donner une synthèse d'ensemble monographique. / This monographic thesis, dedicated to the film work of the experimental film-maker Stan Brakhage, constitutes a contribution in film history and aesthetics. A research in archives allowed the analysis of the complete filmography of the film-maker composed of about four hundred films made between 1952 and 2003, and the study of its non-film archives. This thesis provides a synthesis of these analyses, in a stylistic study of the film work of the film-maker.Stylistic study is founded on aesthetic, formalist and iconographic analyses. A naturalist style could be identified and defined, with particularly the theories of the naturalism byWorringer in Abstraction and Einfühlung, by Kris on rustic style, and by Zola with experimentalmethod, updated with the theories of modernism including by Greenberg, and adapted to filmforms with the theories of Eisenstein and Brakhage. This stylistic thesis pretends to give anoverall monographic synthesis.