Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mateus Perito.pdf: 627182 bytes, checksum: cffa7692af72abb5acc950f26f0b117f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The concept of philia occupies much of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and generates several problems with the rest of the work. This research aims to resolve the inconsistency between the concepts of friendship and self-sufficiency and to carry out this task, this research is devoted to an exposition of the concepts of friendship and self-sufficiency in the first two chapters, and finally in the third, passes to the resolution of the inconsistency. From a reading of the notion of allos autos (another self), is intended to show that not only the concept of friendship does not contradict with the concept of autarkéia (self-sufficiency), but also that the concept of philia (friendship) acts as a stabilizing agent of human happiness against contingency multiplicity / O conceito de philia ocupa boa parte da Ética a Nicômaco de Aristóteles e gera diversos problemas em relação ao restante da obra. A presente investigação tem como objetivo solucionar a inconsistência entre os conceitos de amizade e autossuficiência e, para levar a cabo esta tarefa, dedica-se, nos dois primeiros capítulos, a uma exposição dos conceitos de amizade e autossuficiência para finalmente no terceiro passar à resolução dessa inconsistência. A partir de uma leitura da noção de allos autos (outro eu), pretende-se mostrar que não somente o conceito de amizade não se contradiz com o de autarkéia (autossuficiência), mas que o conceito de philia (amizade) age como um agente estabilizador da felicidade humana frente à multiplicidade da contingência

Objetivos: Identificar fatores associados à percepção de suficiência de renda dos idosos do município de São Paulo, que relataram alguma vez ter trabalhado com remuneração e que possuíam renda. Métodos: A partir da entrevista com 2.143 idosos (60 anos e mais), em 2000, foram identificados 1.300 que não precisaram de ajuda para responder o questionário, com 13 pontos ou mais no MEEM (Mini Exame de Estado Mental), que exerceram algum tipo de trabalho remunerado, que tinham algum tipo de renda e que, esta coincidisse com a quantidade de fontes de renda informada. Utilizou-se na análise estatística o teste de associação para amostras complexas (Rao-Scott), análise univariada e multivariada de regressão logística, sendo construído através desta última o modelo final, ao nível de significância de 5 por cento . Resultados e discussão: Perceberam como suficiente sua renda, 31 por cento dos idosos. Aqueles com renda acima dos patamares analisados (per capita acima de ½ salário mínimo e renda total acima do mínimo necessário para atendimento das necessidades básicas) apresentaram maiores chances de percepção satisfatória. Independente da renda, os seguintes fatores estiveram associados com uma melhor percepção de suficiência de renda: ter trabalhado predominantemente em atividades não físicas, ter iniciado atividade laboral com 14 anos ou mais, possuir seguro/plano de saúde privado, ter duas ou mais fontes de renda, não ter passado por privação alimentar em seus primeiros 15 anos de vida, ter 70 anos ou mais, ter boa saúde e ser independente quanto à realização de atividades da vida diária. Conclusão: Situações herdadas, adquiridas ou impostas, assim como ações e decisões adotadas, durante o curso de vida, contribuíram para uma melhor percepção de suficiência de renda dos idosos / Objectives: Identify factors associated with perception of sufficiency of income the elderly in São Paulo, reported ever having worked with pay and had income. Methods: From interviews with 2,143 elderly (60 years and over) in 2000 identified 1,300 who needed no help in answering the questionnaire, with 13 or more points on the MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination), who work with pay, had some income and that this coincided with the amount of income sources informed. Was used in the statistical analysis of the association test for complex survey (Rao-Scott), univariate and multivariate logistic regression, using the latter in the construction the final model, at a significance level of 5 per cent . Results and discussion: Perceived their income as sufficient, 31 per cent of the old people. Those with income above the levels considered (up to ½ per capita wage and total income above the minimum required for basic needs) were more likely satisfactory perception. Regardless of income, the following factors were associated with a better perception of sufficiency of income, having worked predominantly in non-physical labor activity has started with 14 years or older, have insurance or private health plan, more than one source of income, not starve in its first 15 years of life, be 70 years or more, have good health and perform activities of daily living without any help. Conclusion: Situations existing, legacy situtations or conditions imposed, as well as actions and decisions made during the course of life, have contributed to a better perception of sufficiency of income the elderly

Vitamin D deficiency is considered to be a pandemic with implications for compromised bone health and other chronic diseases. Few studies have examined vitamin D status in college-aged individuals where prevention of future health consequences is still possible. Serum vitamin D 25(OH)D status and vitamin D intake were examined in 98 college students ages 18-29 years during winter. BMI was classified as < 25and 25 or greater. Race was categorized as Caucasian or other. Overall, 69.5% had suboptimal serum vitamin D levels, <30ng/mL. Only 8 students (8.2%) met the EAR (400 IU) per day for vitamin D intake. t tests were used to determine if there were significant differences in serum vitamin D level and dietary intake based on gender, race and BMI. Significant differences were found in serum vitamin D level when compared by gender and race. Females tended to have a higher serum vitamin D level than males. Those representing minorities had lower serum vitamin D levels than Caucasians; One hundred percent of the minority students had suboptimal serum vitamin D levels. Based on these findings, dietitians should increase efforts to target college-aged individuals in educational programming related to factors affecting vitamin D synthesis, vitamin D intake, and health consequences of suboptimal vitamin D status, particularly in winter. Consideration should be given to vitamin D fortification of foods that meet the preferences of today’s consumer.

<p>Örebro University</p><p>The Department Behavioural, Social, and Legal Sciences</p><p>Education of social work</p><p>C-essay 41-60 p</p><p>Abstract</p><p>Title: Work for everyone? An interview study of how three professions within the introduction programme in the local-government in Falköping looks at structural obstacles and discrimination in immigrants’ access to the Swedish labour market.</p><p>Authors: Emma Gustavsson and Sandra Tjärnberg</p><p>Tutor: Rúna Baianstovu Deniz and Urban Karlsson</p><p>Today many immigrants stand outside the labour market. To get established on the labour market and to get self-sufficient are important factors to a rapid integration process. The main purpose of this study is to investigate how three professions within the integration work in the local-government of Falköping looks at structural obstacles and possibilities with immigrants’ access to the Swedish labour market. The main questions treated are: which structural obstacles or possibilities there are to be identified in the local work with integration and in which way the obstacles and possibilities affects the immigrants’ opportunities to obtain employment and there by be integrated in the society.</p><p>By a qualitative interview study, three professions’ view on structural obstacles and possibilities for immigrants’ access to the Swedish labour market were investigated by interviews with employees within the introduction programme in Falköping. The study is based on earlier research; discrimination, the concept of marginality and local and national guidelines. The respondents point out that structural obstacles and possibilities in the establishment on the labour market exists. It expresses through discriminating behaviour such as negative attitudes and prejudice. Obstacles and possibilities that are highlighted in this study are within language, contacts and evaluation of immigrants’ earlier work experience and education. Methods that are used to minimise difficulties in immigrants’ establishment on the labour market are meritportfölj, yrkesbedömning, validering and personliga utvecklingstjänster. The time of introduction is another obstacle that is pointed out and affects the opportunities for the immigrants to get established on the Swedish labour market and may have affect on the individuals’ position in the society from the process of marginalization.</p><p>Keywords: integration, immigration, immigrant, structural obstacles, discrimination, self-sufficiency, introduction</p>

States are not required to provide subsidies for childcare and transportation, but at the time of this writing all provided some supplements to TANF participants who were working, looking for work, or attending school. However, there has been little assessment of the effectiveness of these programs. Using data from a longitudinal study on Families First participants in the state of Tennessee, this exploratory study addresses the questions of whether transportation and childcare supplements contribute to the ability of TANF participants to move off welfare and support their families adequately through their own efforts, and whether outcomes from these services differ by geographic location. The survey sample consisted of 3,569 respondents who were currently receiving or who had recently received TANF services through Tennessee's Families First program, beginning with the initial survey in 2001. Regardless of any assistance provided for childcare and transportation, which have been addressed in the literature as significant barriers to employment and thus the well-being of TANF participants, most of the survey participants remain among the poorest families in the country. While transportation and childcare supports may alleviate some of the barriers that TANF participants must overcome, this research finds that they do not in themselves improve the likelihood that poor families will be abot to move out of poverty. However, there are some indicators that they do help in terms of having employment, which is the first step toward achieving financial well-being.

Örebro University The Department Behavioural, Social, and Legal Sciences Education of social work C-essay 41-60 p Abstract Title: Work for everyone? An interview study of how three professions within the introduction programme in the local-government in Falköping looks at structural obstacles and discrimination in immigrants’ access to the Swedish labour market. Authors: Emma Gustavsson and Sandra Tjärnberg Tutor: Rúna Baianstovu Deniz and Urban Karlsson Today many immigrants stand outside the labour market. To get established on the labour market and to get self-sufficient are important factors to a rapid integration process. The main purpose of this study is to investigate how three professions within the integration work in the local-government of Falköping looks at structural obstacles and possibilities with immigrants’ access to the Swedish labour market. The main questions treated are: which structural obstacles or possibilities there are to be identified in the local work with integration and in which way the obstacles and possibilities affects the immigrants’ opportunities to obtain employment and there by be integrated in the society. By a qualitative interview study, three professions’ view on structural obstacles and possibilities for immigrants’ access to the Swedish labour market were investigated by interviews with employees within the introduction programme in Falköping. The study is based on earlier research; discrimination, the concept of marginality and local and national guidelines. The respondents point out that structural obstacles and possibilities in the establishment on the labour market exists. It expresses through discriminating behaviour such as negative attitudes and prejudice. Obstacles and possibilities that are highlighted in this study are within language, contacts and evaluation of immigrants’ earlier work experience and education. Methods that are used to minimise difficulties in immigrants’ establishment on the labour market are meritportfölj, yrkesbedömning, validering and personliga utvecklingstjänster. The time of introduction is another obstacle that is pointed out and affects the opportunities for the immigrants to get established on the Swedish labour market and may have affect on the individuals’ position in the society from the process of marginalization. Keywords: integration, immigration, immigrant, structural obstacles, discrimination, self-sufficiency, introduction

There is mounting evidence that sustainable scale thresholds are now being exceeded worldwide and environmental resource shocks (e.g. climate change, water and oil shortages) may be inevitable in some regions of the world in the near future. These could result in severe economic breakdowns, welfare loss, and in the worst-case, the collapse of modern civilization. Therefore, a pre-eminent challenge of our times is to determine how to design a resilient (safe-fail) economy – one that can endure, adapt to and successfully recover from breakdowns when they occur. Surprisingly, while ecological economic theory relies heavily on natural science concepts such as thermodynamics, insufficient attention has been paid to the important ecological concept of resilience, particularly as it applies to economic design. The three major policy goals of current ecological economic theory (sustainable scale, just distribution and efficient allocation) focus instead on preventing environmental resource shocks and breakdowns, but given their unpredictability prevention may not always be possible. How resilience can inform the blossoming field of ecological economics is thus explored in this theoretical, transdisciplinary paper. Drawing on literature as diverse as archaeology and disaster planning, it develops six key principles of economic resilience and applies them to analyze the resilience of key societal systems including our money, electricity, water, transportation, information/communication and emergency response systems. Overall, economic resilience appears to be a unique concern that is not readily subsumed under any of the three existing ecological economic policy pillars. In fact, efforts to build in resilience have the potential to both complement and at times contradict the other three goals, especially efficiency. The need to further study these possible tradeoffs provides strong justification for adding a fourth distinct policy pillar, namely “Resilient Design”, to core ecological economic theory. Indeed, ecological economist’s longstanding criticism of economic growth meshes readily with the Resilience Alliance’s own figure-8 adaptive cycle theory critiquing the resilience costs of growth, providing significant opportunities for the future collaboration of these two fields in broadening global system theory.

The main argument of this thesis is that Turkey, Syria and Iraq can solve their disagreements about water allocation, if these countries can develop broader cooperation framework comprising other water related development sectors such as energy, agriculture, health, environment industry, trade and transportation. Within this context, the key questions that should be raised are, &ldquo / what is the theoretical framework related to solving water issue, what are the relations and developments among the riparians concerning water problem, can the cooperative cases such as the Nile Basin Initiative and the South African Development Community be example for the cooperative efforts in the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin, how have the political and economic relations developed since the 1990s among the riparian countries of the Euphrates-Tigris river basin?&rdquo / Accordingly the thesis contains four main parts. The first chapter will be setting of a theoretical framework related to solving the water problem in the region. In the second part of the study, water problem among Turkey, Iraq and Syria will be evaluated in general through historical analysis of the water negotiations and positions of the riparians. In the third part, basic approach in studying this subject is to draw lessons from cooperative cases such as the Nile Basin Initiative and the South African Development Community. The last chapter will be the analyses of Turkish-Syrian and Turkish-Iraqi relations focusing on the water related development sectors such as energy, agriculture, industry, trade, transportation, health, and environment. Accordingly, this thesis has reached to the following conclusions: First, Water is a vital resourses for Turkey, Syria and Iraq. It is not only important for the agricultural production but for hydroelectric power generation, as well. Second, from the point of view of Syria and Iraq, the main reason for this negative atmosphere among the riparians of the Euphrates and Tigris river system is indicated to be the GAP (Southeastern Anatolia Project) which was started by Turkey as a major development project and Syria and Iraq, as downstream countries, accused Turkey to hamper the future agricultural projects of both Syria and Iraq. Third, the 1998 Adana Protocol and Bashar Assad&rsquo / s becoming president in the year 2000 can be regarded as the turning points of the beginning of the development in the relations between Turkey and Syria in the positive direction. The relations between Turkey and Iraq, which were nearly stopped in the Gulf War in 1991, have started to warm up after the second operation in 2003. Fourth, the developing relations carry great importance for the solution of the ongoing water problem among Turkey, Syria and Iraq.

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There is mounting evidence that sustainable scale thresholds are now being exceeded worldwide and environmental resource shocks (e.g. climate change, water and oil shortages) may be inevitable in some regions of the world in the near future. These could result in severe economic breakdowns, welfare loss, and in the worst-case, the collapse of modern civilization. Therefore, a pre-eminent challenge of our times is to determine how to design a resilient (safe-fail) economy – one that can endure, adapt to and successfully recover from breakdowns when they occur. Surprisingly, while ecological economic theory relies heavily on natural science concepts such as thermodynamics, insufficient attention has been paid to the important ecological concept of resilience, particularly as it applies to economic design. The three major policy goals of current ecological economic theory (sustainable scale, just distribution and efficient allocation) focus instead on preventing environmental resource shocks and breakdowns, but given their unpredictability prevention may not always be possible. How resilience can inform the blossoming field of ecological economics is thus explored in this theoretical, transdisciplinary paper. Drawing on literature as diverse as archaeology and disaster planning, it develops six key principles of economic resilience and applies them to analyze the resilience of key societal systems including our money, electricity, water, transportation, information/communication and emergency response systems. Overall, economic resilience appears to be a unique concern that is not readily subsumed under any of the three existing ecological economic policy pillars. In fact, efforts to build in resilience have the potential to both complement and at times contradict the other three goals, especially efficiency. The need to further study these possible tradeoffs provides strong justification for adding a fourth distinct policy pillar, namely “Resilient Design”, to core ecological economic theory. Indeed, ecological economist’s longstanding criticism of economic growth meshes readily with the Resilience Alliance’s own figure-8 adaptive cycle theory critiquing the resilience costs of growth, providing significant opportunities for the future collaboration of these two fields in broadening global system theory.