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A questão da existência de Deus acompanha o desenvolvimento intelectual de Tomás de Aquino e tem papel central em sua Suma de Teologia, na qual o filósofo desenvolve sua resposta através das conhecidas cinco vias para a prova da existência de Deus. O objetivo desta dissertação é percorrer o caminho traçado por Tomás de Aquino para chegar às cinco vias, mostrando a necessidade e a possibilidade da prova da existência de Deus como sujeito da Doutrina Sagrada. / The question of the existence of God follows the intellectual development of Saint Thomas Aquinas. It also plays a central role in his Summa Theologica, where the philosopher develops his answer trough “the five ways” of proving the existence of God. This dissertations aims to follow Saint Thomas Aquinas through the journey in developing \"the five ways\", by showing the need and the possibility to prove the existence of God as subject of the holy doctrine.

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La distinction du droit public et du droit privé est si pompeusement intronisée summa divisio juris – division suprême du droit – dans tout enseignement juridique qu’elle paraît de prime abord modeler toute l’armature du système juridique. Néanmoins, lorsque l’on cherche les fonctions qu’elle y remplit, son intérêt semble tout relatif. De l’avis général en effet, cette distinction n’aurait aujourd’hui plus d’autre attrait que de présenter une utile classification de ce que l’on nomme les branches du droit. Une branche du droit est un ensemble ordonné de normes juridiques, qui régissent un même domaine, une même matière sociale, c’est-à-dire un ensemble soudé de rapports sociaux. Elles apparaissent comme « des ensembles cohérents et autonomes de règles adaptées à un secteur déterminé d’activités ». Elles forment chacune « un corps de droit alimenté par une matière spéciale, par des lois spéciales et par une jurisprudence spéciale ». Ainsi en est-il par exemple du droit constitutionnel, du droit civil, du droit commercial, du droit de l’environnement, du droit pénal, etc., qui, chacun, réglemente une certaine matière sociale. La summa divisio juris n’aurait d’autres objets que de classer ces branches du droit. Par suite, « souvent plus pédagogique que scientifique », elle n’offrirait rien d’autre qu’une structure académique intéressante, en organisant l’enseignement français du droit depuis le premier semestre de la licence jusqu’aux concours d’agrégation. / No English summary available.

I denna studie undersöks vilka möjliga dimensioner av variation som kan finnas i framställningen av lärandeobjektet geometriska talföljder och summor. Detta har undersökts genom observation av undervisning hos fem olika gymnasielärare. Observationerna transkriberades och analyserades utifrån ett variationsteoretiskt perspektiv. Resultatet av arbetet är ett antal formulerade dimensioner av variation, som kan användas för att planera och analysera undervisning rörande geometriska talföljder och summor.

This thesis focuses on the Summa Angelica de casibus conscientie written by Angelo da Chivasso (d. 1495), first printed in 1486. Angelo belonged to the Observantine branch of the Franciscan Order and was its vicar general four times. Having documented Angelo's life and career, the thesis centres on the construction and purpose of his Summa. It assesses its originality within the tradition of confession manuals and the reasons for its popularity. It argues that the structure is very clear because Angelo intended it for the use of simplices confessores, by which he probably meant priests who did not have a university degree. He arranged his material alphabetically and in the longer sections, paragraphs were numbered, making cross-referencing easy. He included a list of authorities and explained the manner of quoting from them. Not all these features were original, but together they helped to make the Summa popular. There are several noteworthy features of Angelo's Summa. The procedures described had been laid down in earlier manuals, including the need for more rigorous questions - ad status – relating to the profession of each penitent and where this might lead to sin. Angelo however diverged from some earlier authorities by warning about excessive rigour. Circumstances were to be taken into account, and where possible penitents to be given the benefit of the doubt. The number of copies of Angelo's Summa printed throughout Western Christendom during his lifetime and following his death are a tribute to its importance. The period of fame however, was short. Martin Luther was a particularly virulent critic of the Summa, and the Catholic Church changed the method of hearing confessions, making much of it redundant, though it survived for some centuries more as a work of reference for confessors.

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xii, 169 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Medieval Aquitaine was a vibrant region in terms of its politics, religion, and culture, and these interrelated aspects of life created a fertile environment for musical production. A rich manuscript tradition has facilitated numerous studies of Aquitanian sacred music, but to date most previous research has focused on one particular facet of the repertoire, often in isolation from its cultural context. This study seeks to view Aquitanian musical culture through several intersecting sacred and secular concerns and to relate the various musical traditions to the region's broader societal forces. Saint-Martial in Limoges and Toulouse, two musical and cultural centers, illustrate the wider cultural context in Aquitaine, and a survey of select manuscripts shows the development of a musical tradition. An examination of three disparate pieces shows that the repertoire as a whole is a more unified part of Aquitanian culture than previously recognized. / Committee in Charge: Dr. Lori Kruckenberg, Chair; Dr. Marc Vanscheeuwijck; Dr. Marian Smith

Orientador: Márcio Augusto Damin Custódio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T07:21:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_EvanielBrasdos_M.pdf: 1468909 bytes, checksum: e86d693216376464f306ca34e7ed2e3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem por escopo expor como Tomás sustenta que a criação é passível de demonstração filosófica na Summa contra gentiles, livro II, capítulos 6; 15-22; 52-55. Para tanto, explicitarei que Tomás procede do seguinte modo: primeiro, estabelece um novo sentido para a noção de substância na SCG, II, 53-55, esta que, por sua vez, difere daquela que Tomás leu nos textos de Aristóteles, qual seja, a substância se constitui de matéria e forma. Nesse sentido, para demonstrar filosoficamente que a substância, além de gerada, também é criada, Tomás estabelece um novo componente na constituição da substância, além dos dois acima mencionados, a saber: o ato de ser. Segundo, analisarei como Tomás postula que esses componentes são realmente distintos na SCG, II, 52. Terceiro, investigarei porque esses componentes por serem distintos, todavia unidos numa relação, devem ser efeitos de uma causa eficiente. A partir desses três modos de investigação, a operação da causa eficiente tratada na SCG, II, 6; 15, e, ademais, o surgimento do efeito sustentado na SCG, II, 16-22, designa-se de criação / Abstract: This dissertation addresses how Thomas Aquinas holds that creation is philosophically demonstrable in his Summa contra gentiles, book II, chapters 6; 15-22; 52-55. In order to do so, it will be argued that Aquinas does it as follows: first, he establishes a new sense to the notion of substance in SCG, II, 53-55, which, in its own turn, differs from the one Aquinas could read in Aristotle's texts, i.e., that substance is composed by form and matter. In this sense, in order to philosophically demonstrate that the substance, besides being generated, is also created, Aquinas assumes a new feature in substance constitution, which is different from the two previously mentioned, namely, the act of being. Then I shall analyze how Aquinas postulates that those components are really distinct in SCG, II, 52. Third, it will be investigated why those components, for they are distinct although merged in a relation, should be the effect of an efficient cause. Having accomplished these three modes of inquiry, the operation of the efficient cause addressed at SCG, II, 6; 15, and also, the appearance of effect held in SCG, II, 16-22, is named creation / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestre em Filosofia

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