Orientador: Ana Cláudia Ruggieri / Banca: Flávia Fernanda Simili / Banca: Ricardo Andrade Reis / Resumo: Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária, (FCAV) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, (UNESP) Campus de Jaboticabal, nos anos de 2007 e 2008. No primeiro ano de avaliação foram estudadas duas alturas de pré - pastejo (0,60 e 0,80 m) e duas alturas de pós - pastejo (0,10 e 0,20 m) para híbridos de sorgo em sistema de pastejo com vacas; numa área de 3056 m² subdividida em 12 parcelas, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições o período experimental foi de maio a novembro de 2007. O 2º ano o experimento foi realizado numa área de 2650, 36 m² subdividido em 24 parcelas com o objetivo de avaliar a produção de massa seca total dos híbridos de sorgo e cultivares de milheto e estudar o comportamento ingestivo dos ovinos nos híbridos de sorgo e cultivares de milheto em resposta aos espaçamentos de 0,225 e 0,45 m. o período experimental foi de abril a outubro de 2008. Conforme os resultados experimentais sugerem-se para o primeiro experimento a utilização do manejo de 0,60 m altura de entrada e 0,10 m altura de saída dos animais nos piquetes já que proporciona mesma quantidade de massa e o mesmo número dos ciclos de pastejo quando comparado ao manejo 0,80m/0,10m. No segundo experimento os híbridos de sorgo e cultivares de milheto podem ser indicados para pastejo de ovinos e o espaçamento de 0,225 m poderia ser adotado para o manejo dos cultivares de milheto e híbridos de sorgo com as ovelhas já que proporcionou maior produção de massa seca total e maior número de perfilhos reprodutivos quando comparada com o espaçamento de semeadura de 0,45 m / Abstract: Two experiments were conducted on the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, (FCAV) - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Campus de Jaboticabal, in 2007 and 2008, with the objective of: 1 st year - to evaluate the viability of using sorghum hybrid by rotative Holstein cows grazing with two height of pre-grazing (0.60 and 0.80 m) and two post-grazing residues (0.10 and 0.20 m) in an area of 3,056 m² divided into 12 plots. The experimental design was DBC with three replications and the experimental period was from May to November 2007. The 2nd year the experiment was conducted in an area of 2650, 36 m² divided into 24 plots to evaluate the total dry mass of hybrids Sudan sorghum and millet cultivars and evaluate the ingestive behavior of sheep in that forages with spacing of 0.225 and 0.45 m of plants. The experimental period was from April to October of 2008. The experimental results suggest for the first experiment using the management of 0.60 m height for pre-grazing and postgrazing at 0.10 m of height to animals in paddocks thus there were the same amount of total dry mass and the same number of cycles of grazing management when compared to 0,80 m / 0,10 m. In the second experiment the spacing of 0.225 m could be used for management of millet cultivars and sorghum hybrids with the sheep where it was provided a great the total dry mass and number of reproductive tillers compared with the spacing of sowing of 0.45 m / Mestre

Enuresis (bed-wetting) and encopresis (fecal soiling) mean elimination disorder and the children suffering from these disorders are often isolated from their contemporaries. The summer camp for the children suffering from enuresis and encopresis held by Faculty of Health and Social Studies at University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice provides the children with i. a. the only possibility of experiencing life without worries and shame, which is the way of life that the majority of children take for granted. In the theoretical part of the dissertation work the author deals with the issue of enuresis and encopresis from various angles. The main goal of the dissertation work is to analyse and describe the impact of the rehabilitative stay at the summer camp for the children suffering from enuresis and encopresis on the disorder of the children. The research question aims to answer: ``In what way and in which fields the rehabilitative stay at the summer camp for the children suffering from enuresis and encopresis contributes to the improvement or the total reduction of the problems linked to the disorder``. The qualitative research was carried out both at the summer camp and home background in years 2006 {--} 2008. The following methods of data collection have been used: interrogation method, observation, document review and the methods within the psychological examination. The research emerged from findings that the camp for the children suffering from enuresis and encopresis improves psychosocial state of the children predominantly due to their self-confidence building, self-identity and self-evaluating. The camp helps the children with their problems in the field of setting boundaries, rules and regime, in the field of experience and hygiene. The camp is also meaningful regarding the field of children`s contacts with other affected children and adults and the field of psychic and physical resistance. Due to the above mentioned aspects the camp contributes not only to problem reduction linked to emptying disorders but also to the children{\crq}s total reduction of enuresis and encopresis. The research results demonstrate two hypotheses: The first is based on the notion that the camp contributes to the improvement of psychosocial state of the children suffering from enuresis and encopresis. The second hypothesis proves that the camp positively influences the frequency of bed-wetting and fecal soiling.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2018-02-19T18:29:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Edmêe Aparecida Fleury Curado - 2017.pdf: 2300652 bytes, checksum: ae7a412a9c9e2fff2ee8706032b1b995 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-02-20T11:03:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Edmêe Aparecida Fleury Curado - 2017.pdf: 2300652 bytes, checksum: ae7a412a9c9e2fff2ee8706032b1b995 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-20T11:03:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Edmêe Aparecida Fleury Curado - 2017.pdf: 2300652 bytes, checksum: ae7a412a9c9e2fff2ee8706032b1b995 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Due to the current trade and technology used in equine breeding, there is a search for effective reproductive methods, seeking to optimize the resources provided by the animal and the environment. Hormonal mare characteristics already known and used with a positive reproductive effect, such as the use of equine pituitary extract (EPE) to induce ovulation, may be better employed if we eliminate the heterogenicity of the samples at the moment of collection. This experiment was conducted with the objective of inducing estrus and ovulation in mares at the end of the mating season, with the use of EPE collected separately at different times of the year - summer and winter. The protocols were 14 cross bred mares, of which 7 were submitted to treatment with EPE collected in the summer and the others with EPE collected in the winter. All of these animals were initially treated as a control group, that is, being monitored daily for ovarian, uterine and behavioral changes from the start of the breending season. From the beginning of March 2017 (03/03/2017), these animals were randomly assigned to one of the treatments, which consisted of an intramuscular application of 125 IU EPE every 12 hours, until one or more more follicles with 34/35 mm, when each one received a single intravenous EPE application containing 500 IU to induce ovulation. The only difference between the groups was the EPE collection season. The results obtained in this experiment allowed to conclude that the reduction of the light incidence after the summer solstice reduces the diameter of the ovulatory follicle. In addition, EPE-summer was more effective when used with the objective of maintaining follicular growth in mares during the end of the breeding season, resulting in larger ovulatory follicles. / Devido ao atual comércio e tecnologia empregada na criação de equinos, existe procura por métodos reprodutivos efetivos, buscando a otimização dos recursos proporcionados pelo animal e pelo ambiente. Caracteristicas hormonais da égua já conhecidas e usadas com efeito reprodutivo positivo, como o uso do extrato de pituitária equina (EPE) para induzir ovulação, pode ser melhor empregado se eliminarmos a heterogenicidade das amostras no momento da coleta. Este experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de induzir o estro e a ovulação em éguas no final da estação de monta, com o uso de EPE coletado separadamente em diferentes épocas do ano - verão e inverno. Foram submetidas aos protocolos, 14 éguas sem raça definida, sendo 7 delas submetidas ao tratamento com EPE coletado no verão e as outras com EPE coletado no inverno. Todos estes animais foram inicialmente tratados como grupo controle, isto é, sendo monitoradas diariamente quanto as modificações ovarianas, uterinas e comportamentais, desde o início da Estação de Monta. A partir do início de março de 2017 (03/03/2017), estes animais foram randomicamente dividos para um dos tratamentos, que consistiram em uma aplicação por via intramuscular de 125 UI de EPE a cada 12 horas, até a verificação de um ou mais folículos com 34/35 mm, quando então cada uma recebia uma única aplicação de EPE via endovenosa contendo 500 UI, para induzir a ovulação, sendo a única diferença entre os grupos a época de coleta do EPE. Os resultados obtidos neste experimento permitiram concluir que a redução da incidência luminosa após o solstício de verão reduz o diâmetro do folículo ovulatório. Além de que o EPE-verão foi mais eficaz quando utilizado com o objetivo de manter o crescimento folicular em éguas durante o final da estação reprodutiva, resultando em folículos ovulatórios maiores.

A cebola (Allium cepa L.) é uma das culturas hortícolas de maior importância no Brasil, com cerca de 70.000 ha e produção de 912.000 t. O mercado apresenta entressafra de fevereiro a julho; sendo o cultivo de verão, uma forma de aumentar os lucros. Uma das dificuldades deste cultivo é a produção de mudas para o transplante. Com o objetivo de verificar o comportamento na fase de muda do híbrido de dias curtos Mercedes, sob cultivo protegido como cultura de verão, o experimento foi instalado em estufa, no Campo Experimental do Departamento de Produção Vegetal, da Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz'. O experimento constou da produção de mudas em ambiente protegido, utilizando bandejas de isopor de 288 células. Os fatores testados foram quatro tipos de substratos (Plantmax HT e três formulações experimentais: Plantmax HT com PG Mix, Teste CM e Teste CM com PG Mix) e dois números de mudas por células (3 e 4 mudas). A subparcela testada foi a suplementação mineral com nitrogênio (1,5 g/l de água de nitrato de cálcio + 1,0 g/l de água de nitrato de potássio; 2 e 3 vezes por semana). Cada bandeja foi considerada uma parcela, sendo dividida em duas subparcelas em função da suplementação mineral com nitrogênio. Em cada subparcela foram semeadas 70 células, sendo que foram deixadas 4 fileiras livres de substratos para separação das subparcelas. Foram utilizadas 24 bandejas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com fatorial 4 X 2 em parcelas subdivididas, e com 3 repetições. A semeadura foi realizada 05/02/99, com a germinação ocorrendo 6 dias depois. Foi realizado um desbaste para ajuste de estande 7 dias após a emergência (DAE) e a suplementação mineral começou 11 DAE. Foram realizadas três avaliações das mudas aos 16, 21 e 26 DAE. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: diâmetro do pseudocaule, altura da planta, peso da matéria seca da parte aérea, peso da matéria seca do sistema radicular. Com base nos resultados encontrados no presente trabalho, podemos concluir que a densidade de 3 mudas por célula apresentou menor taxa de bulbificação precoce e maior altura da planta; os substratos Plantmax HT e Plantmax com o PG Mix apresentaram maior peso seco do sistema radicular e que a aplicação da suplementação mineral com nitrogênio, realizada 3 vezes por semana apresentou os maiores valores com relação aos parâmetros altura da planta e peso da matéria seca da parte aérea, não apresentando bulbificação precoce das mudas. / Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the more important cultivated vegetables in Brazil, where this crop is being cultivated in approximately 70.000 hectares annually. The total production of onion in the country was of 912.000 tons last year. Summer-planted onion is a way of increasing the growers's profits. Farmers are searching for an more manageable alternative procedure for seedlings's production. Local greenhouses may be a good place for the production of onion transplants, but, as far as we know, no information concerning onion production in cells, on greenhouse, is available up to the moment. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse from the Vegetable Production Department on the Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' – Universidade de São Paulo, with the objective of studying the behavior of the shortdays-hybrid Mercedes in its initial stage of plant raising, under controlled environment as summer-planted onions. The experiment consisted on the production of plants in controlled environment, using 288-cell styrofoam trays. There were four studied factors, namely, different substrates (Plantmax HT and three experimental formulations: Plantmax HT with PG Mix, Test CM and Test CM with PG Mix) and two different numbers of plants per cells (3 and 4 plants). The sub plot was the N application - 1,5 g. calcium nitrate of calcium/1l water + 1,0 g potassium nitrate /ll water (2 and 3 times a week). 24 trays were used in the experiment. Each tray was a plot, divided in two sub plots. 70 cells were sowed in each sub plot. 4 lines without substrate separated the sub plots. The treatments were designed in split-plot pattern with three replications each, with the substrate and the number of plants per cells as main plots and N application as the sub-plot. Sowing was performed on 99/Feb./05, and the emergency began 6 days later . The seedlings were thinned so that, seven days after the emergency (DAE), only 3 to 4 plants per cells would remain. N appication started 11 DAE. Three evaluations of the seedlings were accomplished to the 16, 21 and 26 DAE. The appraised parameters were: diameter of the pseudostem, height of the plant, weight of the dry matter of the aerial part, weight of the dry matter of the root system. This experiment's data indicate that the number of 3 plants per cells decrease the earlier onset of bulbing and increase the height of the plant; the Plantmax HT and Plantmax with PG Mix substrates increase the roots's dry weight; and the N application, 3 times a week, increase the values of height of the plant and leaves's dry weight, and does not result in earlier onset of bulbing.

Orientador: Carmen Lúcia Soares / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T20:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dalben_Andre_D.pdf: 69401915 bytes, checksum: c1622c6f46b17e83bd4234ee6a6b295b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: As colônias de férias escolares tiveram como maior suporte teórico antigos conhecimentos advindos da medicina que priorizavam uma vida ao ar livre, distante dos centros urbanos, para a recuperação e o fortalecimento corporal. Ao oferecerem uma substanciosa alimentação e práticas corporais realizadas junto à natureza às crianças de classes populares no decorrer das férias escolares, tiveram por objetivo principal, inicialmente prevenir o contágio de doenças, sobretudo a tuberculose, que debilitavam a saúde de muitos moradores de grandes cidades. Por meio de congressos, as colônias de férias foram divulgadas entre a comunidade científica internacional a partir de 1882, sendo frequentemente recomendadas como uma inovadora medida de assistência infantil que diversos países poderiam adotar para proteger a saúde de suas crianças. Ao tomar como fontes principais os anais dos Congressos Internacionais de Higiene e Demografia, dos Congressos Pan-Americanos da Criança e, ainda, revistas especializadas em saúde, educação e educação física, muitas publicadas por instâncias administrativas oficiais, a pesquisa centralizou-se em investigar as principais políticas de implementação de colônias de férias para as crianças de quatro dos maiores centros urbanos sul-americanos das primeiras décadas do século XX: Buenos Aires, Montevidéu, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. O recorte temporal foi definido de 1882, quando as colônias de férias começaram a ser debatidas no cenário internacional, até meados da década de 1950, momento no qual os primeiros medicamentos alopáticos para o tratamento da tuberculose passaram a ser empregados de modo mais efetivo no controle da doença, alterando as políticas de saúde pública de muitos países, que deixariam de adotar os recursos da vida ao ar livre para preservar a saúde de suas populações, e destituindo as colônias de férias do seu principal objetivo médico. A pesquisa procurou expandir os estudos realizados pela História da Educação e pela História da Educação Física, uma vez que as colônias de férias apresentam-se na atualidade como um objeto de estudos ainda pouco explorado pela ciência sul-americana, mas que, no entanto, nos narram processos históricos bastante inovadores ao se estabelecerem como uma instituição concomitantemente próxima e distinta da escola, onde foram gestadas e aplicadas novas práticas e modelos pedagógicos e onde conteúdos antes excluídos das pedagogias mais tradicionais encontraram a oportunidade de serem incorporados enquanto possibilidade educativa. Ao adotar a história cultural como principal referencial teórico para a análise das fontes, foram priorizadas as transformações das mentalidades e sensibilidades que deslocaram a vida ao ar livre de seus preceitos médicos para concebê-la como uma educação do corpo passível de ser sistematizada e institucionalizada pelas colônias de férias. Durante o período abordado pela pesquisa, foi possível concluir que as colônias de férias não se limitaram tão somente a uma medida de saúde pública, uma vez que organizaram em seu interior uma série de procedimentos que transformariam definitivamente as férias escolares em uma aventura do corpo que possibilitava que muitos desejos infantis se tornassem realidade e que demarcava novas possibilidades educativas voltadas especialmente à crianças que não tinham, até então, seus direitos à saúde, à educação e ao brincar integralmente respeitados / Abstract: The summer camps (vacation colonies) had the most theoretical support in ancient knowledge derived from the medicine which prioritized the outdoor life, far from the urban centers, for recovery and strengthening the body. By offering healthy food and bodily practices performed within the nature for the children of the working classes during their vacation, the summer camps had initially as their main objective the prevention of the spread of diseases, especially tuberculosis, which contagiated many residents of large cities. The summer camps were published in the international scientific community since 1882 through conferences and were often recommended as an innovative measure of children care that many countries could adopt to protect their children's health. Taking as the main sources for the research the annals of International Congress of Hygiene and Demography, the Pan American Child Congress and also magazines specialized in health, education and physical education, many of them published by official departments, the propose of this research is to investigate the policies to implement the summer camps for children in the four largest urban centers of South America at the first decades of the twentieth century: Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The time bias is defined from 1882, when the summer camps began to be debated in the international arena, until the mid-1950s, when the first allopathic medice to treat the tuberculosis began to be used more effectively to control the disease, changing the public health policy in many countries, which would not take the resources to maintain the outdoor life to preserve the health of their populations, and unseating the summer camps of their major medical goal. The research sought to expand the studies conducted by the History of Education and the History of Physical Education, since the summer camps are object of study unexplored by the South American science, even though they narrate the innovative hitorical perspective when they are established as an institution concurrently next and distinct from school, creating and implementing new practices and educational models and pedagical contents, when more traditional pedagogies previously excluded found the opportunity to be incorporated as an educational opportunity. Adopting the cultural history as the theoretical framework for the analysis of the sources this research focus on the changing of the mentalities and sensibilities that shifted the outdoor life from the medical precepts to conceive it as an education body capable of being systematized and institutionalized by the summer camps. During the period covered by the survey, it concludes that the summer camps were not limited only as a public health measure, once they staged a series of educational procedures that would definitely transform the school holidays in an adventure of the body that allowed many children's wishes come true and that marked new educational opportunities geared especially to children who had not hitherto their rights to health , education and play fully respected / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação

dreimal im Jahr erscheinende Zeitschrift über aktuelle Themen der TU Chemnitz

Bilen har länge stått i centrum vid samhällsplanering och har präglat gatunätets utformning. Därför behövs både allmänna och enskilda parkeringar för besökare och boende. Parkeringsplatserna kan anordnas både innanför och utanför detaljplan. Vad som skiljer dessa tillvägagångssätt är själva processen. Oavsett val av process krävs alltid bygglov för parkeringsanläggningar. Samhället är nu i en utvecklingsfas där normer och policys går mot en hållbarhetsförändring. Många kommuner väljer idag att styra mindre antal parkeringsplatser för att främja valet av alternativa transportmedel.  Denna studie berör mindre kustkommuner längsmed västkusten som påverkas av ett ökat invånarantal under sommarhalvåret. Detta ökade invånarantal medför en stor mäng bilister och ett större parkeringsbehov. Studien jämför kommunerna Båstad, Orust och Tjörn och deras praktiska lösningar. Studien kartlägger kommunernas praktiska lösningar samt dess synsätt på parkeringsproblematiken under sommarhalvåret. Med hjälp av denna kartläggning kan andra kommuner inspireras och vägledas.  Genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med tre olika tjänstemän på vardera kommun togs jämförelsekriterier  fram och utifrån detta framställdes ett resultat. De tre kommunerna visade sig ha skilda lösningar på parkeringsproblemet, så som ändrad lokalisering av parkeringsplatser, alternativa transportmedel eller provisoriska parkeringsplatser. Båstads kommun har valt att anlägga en större parkeringsplats utanför centrum, dit bilister hänvisas genom skyltning. Orust kommun har ordnat med lånecyklar till besökare och satsar på ett nytt gång- och cykelnät. Tjörns kommun väljer att anlägga provisoriska parkeringsplatser för att täcka upp ökat behov. / The car has for a long time been in the center of society planning and has characterized the street network. Therefore, both public parking spaces are required for visitors but also accommodation. The parking spaces can be arranged both inside and outside the local plan. Regardless of the choice of process, construction permits are required for parking facilities. The society is now in a developmental phase where norms and policies is heading for a sustainable development. Many municipalities choose to control the number of parking spaces to promote the choice of alternative transportations.  This study handle smaller coastal municipalities along the west coast which is affected by a drastically increased population during the summer. This increased population is causing a large number of drivers and a major parking demand. The participating municipalities are Båstad, Orust and Tjörn whose practical solutions are compared.  The study is a mapping of the municipalities’ practical solutions and its approach to parking problems during the summer. With the help of this survey, other municipalities can be inspired and guided.  Semi-structured interviews with three different officials in each municipality showed comparative criteria and based on this a result was produced. The three municipalities proved to have different solutions to the parking problem, such as changing the location of parking spaces, alternative transportations or temporary parking spaces. Båstad municipality has chosen to build a larger parking lot outside the city center, where drivers are referred by signage. Orust municipality has arrange rental bikes for visitors and is investing in a new walking and cycling network. Tjörn municipality chooses to set up provisional parking spaces to cover increased needs.

My diploma thesis is occupied with television processing and presentation of Olympic Games. Especially, I decided to analyse the summer Olympic Games in Beijing 2008 and Rio de Janeiro 2016. Both of these Olympic Games brought the new way of television broadcasting. Thanks to the exclusive ownership of broadcasting rights and technological advances, Czech Television has decided to broadcast on both television programs on a continuous basis 48 hours a day. The first part of my diploma thesis is occupied with the history of the Olympic Games, including their ancient civilization. From ancient history we move to the nineteenth century, when Pierre Coubertin came up with the idea to refresh the Olympic idea. After the introduction of Olympic history we will also focus on the relationship between media and sports and we also introduce the roots of Czech television broadcasting. In the analytical part of my diploma thesis we will describe the ways of Czech television processing during the summer Olympic Games in Beijing and Rio de Janeiro. This description will be supported by surveys with data of television ratings and differences between researched Olympic Games. This thesis will show how television broadcasting is developing in the Czech Republic, especially during the Olympic Games, which is one of...

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The land–atmosphere interactions and the coupling between climate and land surface hydrological processes are gaining interest in the recent past. The increased knowledge in hydro climatology and the global hydrological cycle, with terrestrial and atmospheric feedbacks, led to the utilization of the climate variables and atmospheric tele-connections in modeling the hydrological processes like rainfall and runoff. Numerous statistical and dynamical models employing different combinations of predictor variables and mathematical equations have been developed on this aspect. The relevance of predictor variables is usually measured through the observed linear correlation between the predictor and the predictand. However, many predictor climatic variables are found to have been switching the relationships over time, which demands a replacement of these variables. The unsatisfactory performance of both the statistical and dynamical models demands a more authentic method for assessing the dependency between the climatic variables and hydrologic processes by taking into account the nonlinear causal relationships and the instability due to these nonlinear interactions. The most obvious cause for limited predictability in even a perfect model with high resolution observations is the nonlinearity of the hydrological systems [Bloschl and Zehe, 2005]. This is mainly due to the chaotic nature of the weather and its sensitiveness to initial conditions [Lorenz, 1963], which restricts the predictability of day-to-day weather to only a few days or weeks. The present thesis deals with developing association rules to extract the causal relationships between the climatic variables and rainfall and to unearth the frequent predictor patterns that precede the extreme episodes of rainfall using a time series data mining algorithm. The inherent nonlinearity and uncertainty due to the chaotic nature of hydrologic processes (rainfall and runoff) is modeled through a nonlinear prediction method. Methodologies are developed to increase the predictability and reduce the predictive uncertainty of chaotic hydrologic series. A data mining algorithm making use of the concepts of minimal occurrences with constraints and time lags is used to discover association rules between extreme rainfall events and climatic indices. The algorithm considers only the extreme events as the target episodes (consequents) by separating these from the normal episodes, which are quite frequent and finds the time-lagged relationships with the climatic indices, which are treated as the antecedents. Association rules are generated for all the five homogenous regions of India (as defined by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology) and also for All India by making use of the data from 1960-1982. The analysis of the rules shows that strong relationships exist between the extreme rainfall events and the climatic indices chosen, i.e., Darwin Sea Level Pressure (DSLP), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Nino 3.4 and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) values. Validation of the rules using data for the period 1983-2005, clearly shows that most of the rules are repeating and for some rules, even if they are not exactly the same, the combinations of the indices mentioned in these rules are the same during validation period with slight variations in the representative classes taken by the indices. The significance of treating rainfall as a chaotic system instead of a stochastic system for a better understanding of the underlying dynamics has been taken up by various studies recently. However, an important limitation of all these approaches is the dependence on a single method for identifying the chaotic nature and the parameters involved. In the present study, an attempt is made to identify chaos using various techniques and the behaviour of daily rainfall series in different regions. Daily rainfall data of three regions with contrasting characteristics (mainly in the spatial area covered), Malaprabha river basin, Mahanadi river basin and All India for the period 1955 to 2000 are used for the study. Auto-correlation and mutual information methods are used to determine the delay time for the phase space reconstruction. Optimum embedding dimension is determined using correlation dimension, false nearest neighbour algorithm and also nonlinear prediction methods. The low embedding dimensions obtained from these methods indicate the existence of low dimensional chaos in the three rainfall series considered. Correlation dimension method is repeated on the phase randomized and first derivative of the data series to check the existence of any pseudo low-dimensional chaos [Osborne and Provenzale, 1989]. Positive Lyapunov exponents obtained prove the exponential divergence of the trajectories and hence the unpredictability. Surrogate data test is also done to further confirm the nonlinear structure of the rainfall series. A limit in predictability in chaotic system arises mainly due to its sensitivity to the infinitesimal changes in its initial conditions and also due to the ineffectiveness of the model to reveal the underlying dynamics of the system. In the present study, an attempt is made to quantify these uncertainties involved and thereby improve the predictability by adopting a nonlinear ensemble prediction. A range of plausible parameters is used for generating an ensemble of predictions of rainfall for each year separately for the period 1996 to 2000 using the data till the preceding year. For analyzing the sensitiveness to initial conditions, predictions are made from two different months in a year viz., from the beginning of January and June. The reasonably good predictions obtained indicate the efficiency of the nonlinear prediction method for predicting the rainfall series. Also, the rank probability skill score and the rank histograms show that the ensembles generated are reliable with a good spread and skill. A comparison of results of the three regions indicates that although they are chaotic in nature, the spatial averaging over a large area can increase the dimension and improve the predictability, thus destroying the chaotic nature. The predictability of the chaotic daily rainfall series is improved by utilizing information from various climatic indices and adopting a multivariate nonlinear ensemble prediction. Daily rainfall data of Malaprabha river basin, India for the period 1955 to 2000 is used for the study. A multivariate phase space is generated, considering a climate data set of 16 variables. The redundancy, if any, of this atmospheric data set is further removed by employing principal component analysis (PCA) method and thereby reducing it to 8 principal components (PCs). This multivariate series (rainfall along with 8 PCs) are found to exhibit a low dimensional chaotic nature with dimension 10. Nonlinear prediction is done using univariate series (rainfall alone) and multivariate series for different combinations of embedding dimensions and delay times. The uncertainty in initial conditions is thus addressed by reconstructing the phase space using different combinations of parameters. The ensembles generated from multivariate predictions are found to be better than those from univariate predictions. The uncertainty in predictions is reduced or in other words, the predictability is improved by adopting multivariate nonlinear ensemble prediction. The restriction on predictability of a chaotic series can thus be reduced by quantifying the uncertainty in the initial conditions and also by including other possible variables, which may influence the system. Even though, the sensitivity to initial conditions limit the predictability in chaotic systems, a prediction algorithm capable of resolving the fine structure of the chaotic attractor can reduce the prediction uncertainty to some extent. All the traditional chaotic prediction methods are based on local models since these methods model the sudden divergence of the trajectories with different local functions. Conceptually, global models are ineffective in modeling the highly unstable structure of the chaotic attractor [Sivakumar et al., 2002a]. This study focuses on combining a local learning wavelet analysis (decomposition) model with a global feedforward neural network model and its implementation on phase space prediction of chaotic streamflow series. The daily streamflow series at Basantpur station in Mahanadi basin, India is found to exhibit a chaotic nature with dimension varying from 5-7. Quantification of uncertainties in future predictions are done by creating an ensemble of predictions with wavelet network using a range of plausible embedding dimension and delay time. Compared with traditional local approximation approach, the total predictive uncertainty in the streamflow is reduced when modeled with wavelet networks for different lead times. Localization property of wavelets, utilizing different dilation and translation parameters, helps in capturing most of the statistical properties of the observed data. The need for bringing together the characteristics of both local and global approaches to model the unstable yet ordered chaotic attractor is clearly demonstrated.