This article explores how the Americanization of the Holocaust is in part responsible for the paradigm that the mention of the Holocaust is vital for a Jewish writer of postwar fiction to be taken seriously. In keeping with the need for people to find meaning in catastrophe, to derive humanity from inhumanity and order out of chaos, Jewish literature's apparent 'success' or international reach often depends on reflecting on the Holocaust as an empowering movement that pushed survivors and other Jews to feel a sense of unity and inclusiveness. By using the Holocaust to generate interest in audiences as opposed to educating the masses, the general perception of Jews as well as of the Jewish religion is reduced to nothing more than an acknowledgment of the traumatic historic event they endured. I argue that this perception of Jewish identity is disillusioned as well as destructive, and that survivor literature paints a more realistic image of what the Holocaust was like while still maintaining the Jewishness within the story. The aim of this article is to examine the trauma in Holocaust literature through the lens of Judaic studies, analyzing the way that it is written as well as providing an analysis of the trends in this postwar genre of writing from survivors and non-survivors. Being analyzed are the writings of Tadeusz Borowski and Cynthia Ozick; "This Way for Gas, Ladies & Gentlemen" and "Silence" by Borowski, and "Rosa" as well as "The Shawl" by Ozick. While Borowski's stories were developed based on his own personal experiences as a victim of the Holocaust, Ozick is an American-born Jewish woman whose stories correlate particularly well with Borowski's despite not having been through the traumatic experience herself. The goal in analyzing this type of literature is to bring to light the realities of the Holocaust and exactly how gruesome, inhumane and disturbing these events were and to contrast these images with more heavily edited and/or fictionalized literature, particularly the Americanized version of "The Diary of Anne Frank". When structured for entertainment purposes, fictional literature set in the time period of the Holocaust tends to develop unrealistic portrayals of the event itself and the Jewish population affected by it. The intention of this article to draw attention to the lack of Jewish identity and religion in postwar Holocaust literature, to challenge the accuracy in Holocaust retellings and to outline the destructiveness of both characteristics in this genre of literature to the general perception of Jewish people.

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<p><strong>Background</strong>: Health-related quality of life (HRQL) studies have inconsistently identified a burden of pain in survivors of brain tumours in childhood, with limited exploration of this morbidity.</p> <p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the HRQL, with a focus on pain, in survivors greater than 10 years from diagnosis of a primary brain tumour in childhood or adolescence.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was undertaken using Health Utilities Index (HUI) questionnaires. Location of pain was queried using a homunculus and a colour-analog scale facilitated the reporting of severity. Single-attribute HRQL scores for participants with and without pain were compared. Stability of pain over a decade was established using available HUI2/3 data from the same cohort with imputation for missing variables.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Twelve males and 13 females out of 37 eligible subjects participated in this study. Participants (mean time from diagnosis of 19.7 years) had mean multi-attribute HRQL scores of 0.79 (SD of 0.23) for HUI2 and 0.69 (SD of 0.29) for HUI3. Thirteen (52%) participants reported pain, with ranges in severity and location of the discomfort. Participants with pain had considerably greater burdens of morbidity in sensation and emotion than those without pain. Pain also increased from the initial interview (10 years prior) to the final interview.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> As a group, long-term survivors of brain tumours in childhood have diminished overall HRQL. However there is variability between subjects. Pain appeared to be a persistent and significant burden in a subset of individuals, with those experiencing pain reporting greater severity of morbidities in other attributes.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

Bakgrund: Hjärtstopp är en traumatisk händelse som påverkar överlevaren både fysiskt och psykiskt, samt kräver oftaen omställning av levnadsvanor i efterförloppet. Andelen personer som överlever hjärtstopp har i Sverigeökat under de senaste åren. Detta återspeglas i både den pre- och intrahospitala överlevnaden, vilka ligger på12 respektive 36 procent. Syfte: Syftet var att utforska vilka upplevelser personer har av att överleva pre- och intrahospitala hjärtstopp. Metod: En deskriptiv design med en litteraturöversikt av kvalitativa studier. Resultat: Överlevarna av hjärtstopp var oförberedda på tiden efter hjärtstoppet. De hade ett stort behov avinformation, adekvat vård och uppföljning. I efterförloppet upplevde de att samspelet med omgivningenhade förändrats, samt somatiska, kognitiva och emotionella förändringar, liksom förändringar i relationer.Händelsen väckte många existentiella frågor hos överlevarna och de hade ett stort behov av stöd från bådeandra överlevare och närstående. Slutsats: Denna litteraturöversikt belyser de upplevelser överlevare av hjärtstopp har i efterförloppet. Den utbildning,information och uppföljning hälso- och sjukvården försåg överlevarna med, upplevdes ofta som bristfällig,och lämnade dem med känslor av att vara oförberedda och övergivna. Hjärtstoppet utlöste både interna ochexterna stressorer i varierande omfattning, vilka bestod av somatiska, kognitiva och emotionellabegränsningar. Existentiella frågor väcktes, den egna identiteten omprövades och de nya begränsningarnafordrade en för överlevaren ny baslinje. Behovet av stöd upphörde inte vid utskrivning från sjukhuset, ochbåde närstående och andra överlevare var i detta avseende instrumentala i efterförloppet. Genom att belysaöverlevarnas upplevelser av att överleva hjärtstopp, kan resultatet främja god omvårdnad och uppföljning. / Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) is a traumatic event that affects the survivor both physically and mentally. It oftennecessitates a lifestyle readjustment in the aftermath. The amount of people who survive a CA inSweden has increased over the years. This is reflected in both the pre- and intrahospital survival rate,which are 12 and 36 percent respectively.  Aim: The aim of this study was to explore experiences surrounding the survivorship following CA. Method: A descriptive design with a literature review of qualitative studies. Results: Survivors were unprepared for both the CA and the post-arrest challenges. They had a need forinformation, care and follow-up care. After the CA they experienced changes in their interactions withother people, as well as somatic, cognitive and emotional changes. The CA raised existential questionsand they had a great need for support, both from other survivors and people close to them. Conclusions: The education, information and follow-up care were considered lacking by the CA survivors, and theyfelt both unprepared and abandoned. The CA triggered stressors to varying extent, consisting ofsomatic, cognitive and emotional limitations. Existential questions were raised, their identities werereappraised and the new limitations required them to find a new normal. Both peer support and supportfrom those close to the survivors were an integral part of their recovery. By highlighting theexperiences of CA survivors in the aftermath of the CA, our findings may promote both good inpatientcare as well as follow up-care.

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Title: Modelling Dependent Lives Author: Eva Pavčová Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: RNDr. Lucie Mazurová, Ph.D., Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Abstract: In this thesis, we model the dependence between the remaining lifetimes of a husband and wife using a specific Markov model. We examined the impact of the dependence on the net single premium using the specific Markov model that captures the long-term dependence between lifetimes of the two considered lives. Using this model we have calculated 10-year joint-life annuity due and 10-year last-survivor annuity due considering the age rage (37, 80) in case of dependence and also independence of the two considered lives. The calculations were based on the dataset related to the Czech population in 2015. The impact of the dependence between the remaining lifetimes of the husband and wife was found to be not significant. Keywords: positive quadrant depedence, multiple life insurance premiums, depen- dent lifetimes, joint-life annuity, last-survivor annuity, joint-life and last-survivor models

Thesis ((M.A. (Social work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Survivors of child sexual abuse experience a lot but various challenges in their everyday lives. The overall aim of the study was to describe the experiences of male adult survivors of child sexual abuse at Ga-Matlala, Limpopo Province. The study objectives were to identify types of child sexual abuse cases at Ga- Matlala uperpetrated prior 1994; to determine how adult male survivors of child sexual abuse handle their life problems; to describe the social impact of child sexual abuse on male adult survivors; and to recommend appropriate professional intervention to male adult survivors of child sexual abuse. The study utilised descriptive research design. The data was collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews from three (3) survivors of child sexual abuse who were sexually abused prior 1994 who are residing at Ga-Matlala area. The sample consisted of survivors of child sexual abuse drawn from the database of Bakone Tribal Council compiled and administered pre 1994. A thematic analysis method was selected. Thematic analysis organises and describes data set in detail. The data was analysed in eight steps.Ethical considerations such as voluntary participation, permission to conduct the study, anonymity, confidentiality and no harm to respondents were considered.The researcher found that two survivors indicated to be having abilities to resolve their personal problems while one participant has indicated to be having problems in resolving his personal problems. All three survivors indicated to be engaged in an intimate relationships. All there survivors indicated to have had experienced child sexual abuse more than once and they also indicated to have had experienced more than one type of sexual abuse. Two participants out of three survivors had not reported of imitating what they experienced while one has adopted the lifestyle but he is not doing it with children like it was done to him. All survivors indicated to have forgiven their perpetrators. All of survivors indicated that their childhood experience had a negative impact in their childhood lives and it still has a negative influence in their adult life. All three survivors indicated to have not accessed professional assistance in their childhood even during their participation in the study they have not yet accessed professional intervention towards their past traumatic experience. However, all three survivors acknowledged the fact that post traumatic intervention is important to their personal growth with regard to finding closure, gaining confidence and finding coping strategies that will be helpful in facing their personal problems with an open mind and positivity of finding solutions without tracing their childhood past into it. The researcher concluded that all the participants of the study had experienced different kinds or types of child sexual abuse and it has negatively impacted them. Being involved in an intimate relationship was not difficult for the survivors as all of them were engaged in intimate relationships. All three survivors need to access professional help for them to overcome the impact of their past child sexual abuse experience. There is a huge difference/gap regarding the previous findings and the current findings mainly because most of the previous studies were European based than African Based (South Africa) and it was also showing a gap between European based Theories and African based theories when dealing with child sexual abuse. The main recommendation that the researcher had was to motivate the survivors to participate in the process of accessing professional help to enable them to deal with their current lives without tracing everything back to their childhood.

Objective: The impact of childhood cancer on future quality of life (QoL) in survivors is unclear. Current studies focus on comparing outcomes to healthy peers and identifying related treatment and demographic variables, but a shift in our approach is necessary. This study is guided by the Wilson and Cleary Model (WMC) and seeks to identify longitudinal predictors of QoL in adolescent survivors of cancer that explain variance in QoL beyond the impact of treatment and demographic variables. Methods: The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) is a multi-institutional longitudinal study following a cohort of childhood cancer survivors. This study focuses on the CCSS cohort (N = 305) who completed the baseline survey in 1994 and the Teen survey in 2001. The baseline survey assessed parent-report of child’s psychological and physical symptoms, functional status, and health perceptions. The Teen survey utilized the Child Health and Illness Profile – Adolescent Edition (CHIP-AE), a self-report measure assessing QoL in six domains: achievement, resilience, satisfaction, discomfort, disorders, and risk. The primary hypothesis was that psychological and physical symptoms, functional status impairment, and health perceptions as rated by parents at baseline would predict variance in quality of life as rated by adolescents at follow-up after adjusting for demographic and treatment-related variables. Six separate hierarchical regressions were analyzed for each of the QoL domains. Results: The main hypothesis was supported. For each QoL outcome, a significant amount of variance was predicted: achievement, F (6, 259) = 8.90, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .152, resilience, F (12, 209) = 3.47, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .118, satisfaction, F (6, 265) = 8.73, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .146, discomfort, F (7, 273) = 6.75, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .126, disorders, F (9, 212) = 6.47, p < .0001, adjusted R2 = .182, and risk, F (7, 238) = 4.81, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .098. Furthermore, for all outcomes, psychological and physical symptoms, functional status impairment, and health perceptions predicted variance above and beyond the impact of demographic and treatment variables. These factors accounted for an additional 9.5% of the variance in the achievement domain, 6.2% for resilience, 10.8% for satisfaction, 6.5% for discomfort, 12.4% for disorders, and 6.1% for risk. Conclusions: Results suggest that psychological and physical symptoms, functional status and health perceptions should be assessed and targeted in interventions for childhood cancer survivors to promote future positive QoL. Future studies need to continue identifying factors related to positive long-term functioning in diverse samples of childhood cancer survivors.