La Formation de Pinnacle contient des concentrations de minéraux lourds titanifères près de Sutton, Québec. Ces métasédiments font partie d'une séquence volcano-sédimentaire au sein du Groupe de Oak Hill, dans la Zone de Humber des Appalaches québécoises. Les paléoplacers de Sutton ont subi deux événements métamorphiques : à l'Ordovicien et au Silurien. Des processus post-depositionnels d'enrichissement ont transformé les grains d'ilménite riches en fer en une phase résiduelle se rapprochant d'une composition pure en TiO2. L'événement Silurien de rétrochevauchement a permis la cristallisation métamorphique du rutile à partir de ces phases titanifères résiduelles. Une relation spatiale existe entre la distribution du rutile métamorphique et la structure régionale de rétrochevauchement, la Faille Brome. Cette relation est aussi corroborée par les valeurs 818Oeau, en équilibre avec la magnetite. Le métamorphisme a aussi provoqué le transfert d'éléments et un changement de la fugacité d'oxygène dans les métasédiments riches en titane. Une zonalité compositionnelle est observée autour des concentrations semi massives de minéraux lourds. Le fer lessivé par les fluides métamorphiques a ensuite été incorporé dans des silicates et d'autres oxydes. Ainsi, les minéraux titanifères ont été complètement purgés de leur contenu en fer et ont recristallisé en rutile. De nouvelles concentrations de minéraux lourds titanifères on été trouvées dans l'unité à la base du Pinnacle, c'est-à-dire les phyllades du Call Mill. De telles concentrations titanifères n'ont jamais été décrites au sein du Call Mill. C'est pourquoi l'origine du Call Mill doit être réinterprétée à la lumière de ces minéraux de Fe-Ti. Notre nouvelle interprétation suggère que dans la région de Sutton, les sédiments du Call Mill et du Pinnacle proviennent de la même source. Cependant, des différences majeures au niveau des minéraux lourds distinguent les deux unités. Ces différences s'expliquent principalement par l'intensité et la durée des processus d'enrichissement des minéraux de Fe-Ti. Nous avons conclu que le Call Mill était issu de l'érosion d'une source latéritique. tandis que l'érosion de la partie non affectée par la météorisation a formé les sédiments du Pinnacle. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Titane, Rutile, Métamorphisme, Ilménite, Altération, Fer, Oxyde, Sutton, Pinnacle, Paléoplacer, Pseudorutile.

In this thesis, I examine depictions of black female characters crafted by black authors writing in the late 19th century, and I consider how they use these depictions as attempts to challenge white supremacist rhetoric and imagery. In particular, I examine how Frances E.W. Harper and Sutton E. Griggs represent black women through their female characters in their respective novels, Iola Leroy and Imperium in Imperio. I situate these novels within the historical moments, Reconstruction and Redemption, with which Harper and Griggs both document and contend. In these two texts, Harper and Griggs trace, through their characters’ struggles, the hopes and gains of Reconstruction, and the frustration and despair of Redemption. In attending so closely to their own political contexts, Harper and Griggs, non-traditional novelists who were more well known for other forms of writing and for their oratorical skills, selected the novel as a political tool to theorize uplift. Throughout this thesis I examine how and why their constructions of black womanhood in Iola Leroy and Imperium in Imperio frequently idealize their female characters, and I focus on both authors’ efforts to reclaim the image of black women, salvaging it from the destructive imagery of plantation literature and introducing a proud and positive model of black feminine virtue, strength, and influence.

This thesis studies the famous boat graves in Valsgärde, Sweden and Sutton Hoo, England.  Its purpose is to understand the affects these graves had on the people who surrounded and visited them. Affect describes the first reaction when a person experience somthing new. The other focus of this thesis is the boat graves that seemingly lack buried people, and why the bodies in the graves are missing. There are some fragments of both humans and animals in the Valsgärde graves. In Sutton Hoo there are small amounts of remains from humans or animals, the osteologists have not been able to ascertain which of the two. There are some theories that the burials have been open for everyone to see, the question is then why and if this is the case, how did people react to this phenomenon, that is the boat-graves affects. The thesis concludes that the now missing bodies may have been exposed in the open for a long time, before they were buried. The soil´s acidity at Sutton Hoo is at pH 3,8 at the lowest, which has an impact on how well bodies are preserved in the ground. Both the soil and the exposing of the bodies might have done an equal amount of damage to the bodies.

This work primarily examines the management of wet-preserved archaeological sites in England, through an exploration of value and analysis of current management approaches. The aim is to explore whether the current policy frameworks, in particular the role of preservation in situ, can provide a sustainable future for wet-preserved archaeological sites. This work further seeks to conceptualise the modelling of sustainability, preservation and management decision making in wetland archaeological sites. Looking at the last 40 year of wetland research through the work of the large-scale wetland survey projects, this work initially considers the current understanding of wet archaeological sites in England. It also examines aspects of heritage management through the legislative and policy frameworks and their legacy. This work considers the implications that legislative and policy positions have for the management of wetland archaeological sites and examines the theoretical concepts that underpin them. This includes exploring reflective management, the development of research frameworks, and scoring mechanisms for the designation of sites. It also looks at broader constructs of value through the concepts of cultural and economic values. Three existing archaeological sites, a ringwork at Borough Fen near Peterborough, a marsh fort at Sutton Common near Doncaster and a triple post-alignment near Beccles, will be presented as case studies. These sites serve as examples of how the management of sites has been approached. The results of the case study analysis are used to develop a series of conceptual models looking firstly at sustainability and preservation in situ, and, secondly at preservation, value and decision making. The study concludes that the presumption in favour of preservation in situ can be challenging for wet preserved archaeological sites. Deterioration of the preservation environment can in some cases produce a similar decline in significance. Preservation in situ may therefore not be the most appropriate option for archaeological sites in wetlands.

La première partie de notre étude, sur les structures optimales des agrégats isolés, a permis de confirmer la validité du potentiel de Sutton-Chen dès que l'agrégat contient plus de six atomes. Nous avons pu également mettre la robustesse de l'algorithme génétique à l'épreuve et constater que nous pouvions augmenter son efficacité en lui combinant une seconde méthode plus locale en fin de recherche : par exemple, celle du gradient conjugué. Dans le cadre de la méthode EHMO nous avons calculé les énergies des OM et les formes de ces dernières pour chaque géométrie. Nous avons également analysé la variation de gap HOMO-LUMO des orbitales frontières avec la taille de l'agrégat. La seconde partie nous a montré que les structures optimales des agrégats sur une surface (111) sont linéaires.

La première partie de notre étude, sur les structures optimales des agrégats isolés, a permis de confirmer la validité du potentiel de Sutton-Chen dès que l'agrégat contient plus de six atomes. Nous avons pu également mettre la robustesse de l'algorithme génétique à l'épreuve et constater que nous pouvions augmenter son efficacité en lui combinant une seconde méthode plus locale en fin de recherche : par exemple, celle du gradient conjugué. Dans le cadre de la méthode EHMO nous avons calculé les énergies des OM et les formes de ces dernières pour chaque géométrie. Nous avons également analysé la variation de gap HOMO-LUMO des orbitales frontières avec la taille de l'agrégat. La seconde partie nous a montré que les structures optimales des agrégats sur une surface (111) sont linéaires.

Syftet med studien var att ta reda på förskollärares syn på och uppfattningar om barns fria lek i förskolan. Detta har vi tagit reda på genom en enkät som skickats ut i sociala medier i grupper som riktar sig till förskolan och förskollärare. Vi har med hjälp av Sutton-Smiths (1997) lekretoriker analyserat insamlade data, tidigare forskning och litteratur. Dessa lekretoriker kan också benämnas som sju olika ideologier om lek. Resultatet visar hur förskollärarna anser att fri lek är en nödvändighet för barns utveckling samt att leken bidrar till att barn utvecklar många olika förmågor och färdigheter. Genom leken utvecklar barn många olika förmågor och färdigheter. Sammanfattningsvis gäller det som förskollärare att vara lyhörd och ha ett öppet förhållningssätt till barns fria lek, där förskollärarna kan läsa av leksignaler och förstå sig på barns lekramar, det vill säga kunna läsa av barns kroppsspråk och signaler samt förhålla sig inom lekens gränser. / <p>Betyg i Ladok 210606.</p>

The origins of kingship have typically been accepted as a natural or inevitable development by scholars. The purpose of this thesis is to question that assumption. This work will re-examine the origins of early Anglo-Saxon kingship through a coherent and systematic survey of the available and pertinent archaeological and historical sources, addressing them by type, by period and as their varying natures require. The thesis begins with the archaeological evidence. ‘Elite’ burials, such as Mound One, Sutton Hoo, will be ranked according to their probability of kingliness. This process will point to elite burial as being a regionally-specific, predominately-seventh-century, phenomenon of an ideologically-aware, sophisticated and established political institution. Consequently, elite burial cannot be seen as an indication of the origins of kingship, but can instead be interpreted as a development or experiment within kingship. Analysis of ‘elite’ settlements, such as Yeavering, and numismatic evidence, will lead to similar conclusions. Further, consideration of various other settlement types – former Roman military sites in Northern Britain, former Roman Towns, and enclosed settlements – will point to various potential origins of Anglo-Saxon kingship in the form of continuities with previous Roman, Romano-British or British power structures. The thesis will go on to consider the historical sources. Those of the fifth and sixth centuries, primarily Gildas’s De excidio et conquestu Britanniae, point to several factors of note. The cessation of formal imperial rule over Britain following c.410 effectively created a power vacuum. Various new sources of political power are observable attempting to fill this vacuum, one of which, ultimately, was kingship. Through analogy with contemporary British kingdoms, it is possible to suggest that this development of kingship in England may be placed in the early sixth, if not the fifth, centuries. This would make the origins of Anglo-Saxon kingship significantly earlier than typically thought. This kingship was characterised by the conduct of warfare, its dependence on personal relationships, and particularly by its varying degrees of status and differing manifestations of power covered by the term king. Further details will be added to this image through the narrative and documentary sources of the seventh and early eighth centuries. These predominately shed light on the subsequent development of kingship, particularly its growing association with Christianity. Indeed, the period around c.600 can be highlighted as one of notable change within Anglo-Saxon kingship. However, it is possible to point to the practice of food rents, tolls and the control of resources serving as an economic foundation for kingship, while legal intervention and claimed descent from gods also provide a potential basis of power. Several characteristics of seventh- and early-eighth-century kingship will also be highlighted as being relevant to its origins – the conduct of warfare and the exercise of over-kingship – relating to the general propensity for amalgamation through conquest. Other trajectories are also highlighted, specifically continuity from previous Roman and British entities and the development of ‘pop-up’ kingdoms. The overall result is one in which long-term amalgamation and short-term disintegration and re-constitution were equally in evidence, set against the wider context of broad regional continuities. Overall, therefore, the thesis will not fully resolve the issue of the origins of Anglo-Saxon kingship, but it does offer a means to re-frame discussion, explore the social and economic underpinnings of kingship and assess its primacy as an institution within early Anglo-Saxon England.

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"The purpose of this study is to analyze health, social conditions and educational environment which affect the educational development of the Mexican children in the Sonora Independent School and plan a remedial program. The source of the data in this study was the survey made by Winters, and a survey of health, social and educational conditions of the Mexicans living in Sonora. The study was limited to the Mexican families and the Mexican children in the Sonora school district."--leaf 1.