som individen tror uppskattas i det sociala sammanhanget, så den får fram rätt framtoning? Frågor av denna karaktär har varit med att bygga upp denna uppsats och drivit oss att ta reda på mer. Ovanstående är temat som denna uppsats behandlar och utreder. I fokus står det mellanmänskliga mötet som sker under anställningsintervjun och hur intrycksstyrning används. För kandidaten och för rekryteraren är anställningsintervjun ett tillfälle då de båda i de flesta fall vill framstå i så god dager som möjligt. Intrycksstyrning är en metod för att skapa och förstärka intryck med hjälp av olika taktiker. Vi har med utgångspunkt i den symboliska interaktionismen hämtat både kunskap och inspiration och överfört dem till anställningsintervjun som är en del av rekryteringsprocessen. Symbolisk interaktionism fokuserar på kommunikation mellan människor och det område som vi studerat närmare. Vi har intervjuat tre rekryterare och tre kandidater som är anställda på Skol- och barnomsorgsförvaltningen inom Växjö kommun. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att få en ökad förståelse och kunskap för hur människor agerar under anställningsintervjun. Vi har bland annat kommit fram till att parterna vill se intervjun som ett samtal istället för ett stelt förhör eller ett tillgjort skådespel. Vi har även kommit fram till att individerna vill agera mänskligt och tillåtas ha fel och brister istället för att ge sken och uppfattas som perfekta. Det har visat sig att det inte enbart är positivt att visa sina goda sidor och agera som en reklamkampanj. Det som framkom var att överdrivna förmågor förr eller senare kommer fram, därför är det av vikt att ha en allmänkunskap som gör det enklare att genomskåda intrycksstyrningen. / Should an individual expose his true personality, express his emotions, reveal his inner-self and disclose exactly how he feels or should the individual assess the social environment and act according to what the individual deems to be the most acceptable behaviour in the social context, and so project the right impression? Questions like this have helped us to put together this essay and have motivated us to find out more. The above is the theme this paper deals with and investigates. Its focus is on the interpersonal interaction that takes place during a job interview and how impression management is used. For the candidate and the recruiter a job interview is a time when both want to appear in as good a light as possible. Impression Management is a method to create and reinforce an impression by using different tactics. We have, from theoretical starting points of symbolic interaction, obtained both knowledge and inspiration and transferred them to the job interview as part of the recruitment process. We have interviewed three recruiters and three candidates who are employed at Växjö municipality’s School and Child Care Administration. The aim of this thesis has been to achieve a better understanding and knowledge of how people inter-act during an employment interview. We have drawn the conclusion that both parties want to see the interview as a conversation instead of a rigid interrogation or play-acting. We also found that the two participants want to appear humane and accept faults and shortcomings instead of giving the impression of being perfect. It is not considered positive to only show their good sides as in an advertising campaign. What emerged was that exaggerated capabilities sooner or later are exposed. It is therefore important to have a general knowledge that makes it easier to expose impression management.

The levels of unemployment are unusually high compared to recent years, and the consequences are diligently debated in media. Swedish safety systems regarding people’s welfare have gone through changes lately which affected the situation negatively for many concerned citizens. This study aimed to illustrate individual’s situation of unemployment within their social context. We chose to focus on the respondent’s experiences, influences and managing skills pertaining to the situation of unemployment. Seven interviews with unemployed men and women, aged 21-64, where executed based on a qualitative approach. These interviews resulted in the empirical material which were compiled and analyzed. The theoretical standing point in this study was symbolic interactionism. The empirical material was also analyzed through the concepts of alienation, psychological illness, economical exposure and coping. The result of this study showed that all respondents experienced economical exposure according to their unemployment. This exposure lead to other quandary’s which contributed to development of coping strategies. Earlier research shows that unemployment is related to psychological illness which also was shown in this study. Alienation was nothing the respondents declared experience from according to that unemployment was common in their social contexts. On the contrary indirect alienation appeared in the empirical material based on individual situations.

Elever i Eskilstuna kommuns förmåga att prestera i grundskolan är påverkad av vilket symboliskt kapital elever innehar. En uppväxt i en miljö som hedrar samma värden som skolan ger eleven ett habitus som i högre grad samstämmer med skolans och ökar därför elevens möjligheter. Ett motsatt förhållande kan ses hos elevgrupper med ett lågt symboliskt kapital. Elevers förmåga att prestera är även påverkad av hur elevsammansättningen ser ut. Denna effekt kan verka både i positiv och i negativ riktning. En hög andel elever med ett starkt kapital ger en positiv effekt på alla elevkategorier medan en hög andel med svagt kapital ger en negativ effekt. Genom en snedfördelad tilldelning av resurser försöker Eskilstuna kommun skapa mer likvärdiga förutsättningar mellan de olika elevgrupperna. Kommunens pengar når de elevgrupper som behöver dem men det återstår att säga om resurserna är tillräckliga och om de omsätts på ett effektivt sätt. Den tröghet som finns i den sociala strukturen gör relationen mellan missgynnade elevers habitus och skolans kapital naturligt problematisk och svår att överbrygga. Resultatet är framtaget genom regressioner och korrelationer mellan skolresultat, social bakgrund och pedagogiska incitament som sedan är analyserade utifrån Bourdieus teori om social reproduktion. / The performance in primary education of students in the municipality of Eskilstuna is affected by the symbolic capital that students possesses. A student growing up in an environment that treasures the same values as the school does is given a habitus that better corresponds with the habitus of the school and therefore has better prospects. The performance of students is also affected by the composition of students. The effect of the composition of students may result in both positive and negative outcomes.  A high share of students with strong capital results in a positive effect on all categories of students while a high share of students with weak capital results in a negative effect. The municipality of Eskilstuna is trying to create more equal conditions between the different categories of students by applying an unequal allocation of resources. The funds handed out by the municipality do reach the categories of students in need of them but whether the resources are sufficient and whether they are efficiently converted remains to be seen.  As inertia is inherent to the social structure, the relationship between the habitus of disadvantaged students and the capital of the school is innately problematic and hard to bridge. The results were retrieved through regression analyses and correlations between results in school, social background, and pedagogical incentives. They were then analyzed on the basis of Bourdieus’ theory on social reproduction.

No description available.

Vid femton års ålder ställs skolungdomar i vårt land inför ett beslut som sannolikt kommer att få konsekvenser för dem under lång tid. De ska då välja vilket gymnasieprogram de ska gå under de närmast följande tre åren, en tid under vilken de i hög grad formar sin identitet och skapar nya nätverk. Gymnasieutbildningen ger dessutom en första inriktning inför deras studie- och yrkeskarriär och valet kan därför ses som en manifestation av vad den unga människan har tänkt med sitt liv.Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka motiv, värderingar och attityder som väglett några ungdomar vid deras val av gymnasieprogram. Min utgångspunkt är att det kan finnas en rad olika faktorer som spelar in och mina frågeställningar är därför:•Vilken roll har viktiga personer i den närmaste omgivningen, som föräldrar, syskon och kompisar spelat?•Vilken betydelse har individens egna biografiska erfarenheter av skola och arbete haft?•Hur kan valet av program relateras till deras nuvarande självbild eller identitet?•Kan individens mer kulturellt grundade attityder till arbete och karriär ha påverkat beslutet?•Finns det uttalade eller outtalade framtidsplaner eller livsprojekt i bakgrunden?•Vilken betydelse har individens förhållande till samhällets strukturella mönster vad gäller klass och kön i dessa fall?Undersökningen har genomförts i form av en fokusgrupp och kvalitativa intervjuer där fem gymnasieelever deltagit. De gick första året och hade därmed redan gjort sina val och dessutom påbörjat sin utbildning. Perspektivet för dem är retrospektivt.De teoretiska perspektiv jag har tillämpat på intervjumaterialet är tre: Med symbolisk interaktionism har jag försökt lägga ett aktörsperspektiv. Med Bourdieus begrepp habitus och kapital anlade jag ett strukturellt perspektiv. Slutligen har jag, med begreppet livsprojekt, velat koppla samman de intervjuades värderingsmönster med deras gymnasieval.De slutsatser som kan dras är att alla dessa perspektiv har sin tillämpning, ibland på en och samma individ. Men det har varit lättare att påvisa aktörskapet än de strukturella faktorerna. Vad gäller värderingsmönstren har undersökningen gett en mångtydig bild.

Throughout its lifetime, software must be changed for many reasons, such as bug fixing, performance tuning, and code restructuring. Testing modified software is the main activity performed to gain confidence that changes behave as they are intended and do not have adverse effects on the rest of the software. A fundamental problem of testing evolving software is determining whether test suites adequately exercise changes and, if not, providing suitable guidance for generating new test inputs that target the modified behavior. Existing techniques evaluate the adequacy of test suites based only on control- and data-flow testing criteria. They do not consider the effects of changes on program states and, thus, are not sufficiently strict to guarantee that the modified behavior is exercised. Also, because of the lack of this guarantee, these techniques can provide only limited guidance for generating new test inputs. This research has developed techniques that will assist testers in testing evolving software and provide confidence in the quality of modified versions. In particular, this research has developed a technique to identify testing requirements that ensure that the test cases satisfying them will result in different program states at preselected parts of the software. This research has also developed supporting techniques for identifying testing requirements. Such techniques include (1) a differencing technique, which computes differences and correspondences between two software versions and (2) two dynamic-impact-analysis techniques, which identify parts of software that are likely affected by changes with respect to a set of executions.

This paper deals with the applications of symbolic computation of Mathematica 7.0 (Wolfram, 2008) in distribution theory. The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, we will implement some functions to extend Mathematica capabilities to handle symbolic computations of the characteristic function for linear combination of independent univariate random variables. These functions utilizes pattern-matching codes that enhance Mathematica's ability to simplify expressions involving the product and summation of algebraic terms. Secondly, characteristic function can be classified into commonly used distributions, including six discrete distributions and seven continuous distributions, via the pattern-matching feature of Mathematica. Finally, several examples will be presented. The examples include calculating limit of characteristic function of linear combinations of independent random variables, and applications of coded functions and illustrate the central limit theorem, the law of large numbers and properties of some distributions.

This thesis aims to analyze the humour magazines L-Manyak and Lombak as constituting a shift in the tradition of humour magazines in Turkey. It evaluates these magazines in their historical, political and cultural contexts. It argues that regardless of their apolitical stance, these magazines have an attitude of symbolic resistance to the the signifying practices of the dominant culture, like a youth subculture. It discusses the humour style of these magazines in terms of their relationship with the neighbourhood of Cihangir / American underground comix, Punk subculture and Bakhtin&rsquo / s concept of grotesque realism. The study also analyzes the position of these magazines in the culture industry of Turkey and claims that their content have been gradually appropriated by the market and turned into convenient products for reconsumption.

The aim of this study is to understand the class character of the new middle class,that is defined as white-collar workers through the bulk of the class literature. To achieve this aim, two sets of research questions, operating both on the objective and subjective levels, have been developed. The first set of questions are / &ldquo / What are the objective conditions (such as economic capital, cultural capital,gender/age composition and class background) of the people who belong to the new middle class defined as white-collars according to structural definitions in Ankara? How are those conditions differentiated within this new middle class category?&rdquo / Those questions are tried to be answered by conducting a secondary analysis to an already existing three-generational representative database for Ankara By taking the quantitative analysis as a base, second set of questions that aim to scrutinize how this heterogeneity in terms of economic/cultural capital and class background are reflected on the subjective level, has been developed. Therefore interviews are held with 31 people in Ayranci neighborhood so as to answer to the following questions: &ldquo / How people who belong to the new middle class, defined as white-collars according to structural definitions, experience their class position? and what elements, in what ways affect their class experience/class practices?&rdquo / In the light of the interviews that question the &ldquo / social space of lifestyle&rdquo / &ndash / composed of daily life practices- and &ldquo / social relations&rdquo / &ndash / analyzed by the content and nature of the drawn symbolic boundaries- four new middle class milieus &ndash / which are highly dispersed among the habitus map of Bourdieu- are identified. The overall study highlights how it is problematic to attribute certain values, lifestyles and attitudes, which are the molders of the class experience, to the whole new middle class category that is defined within the occupational structure.

The literature on status, product symbolism, product involvement, and reference group influence is reviewed to conceptually define the Product Symbolic Status construct. The research consisted of two studies (N = 524) that examined 17 different product types to develop and validate the Product Symbolic Status (PSS) scale. The PSS scale is comprised of four facets: self-concept, impression management, lifestyle, and social visibility. The PSS scale consists of nine items which produced an average reliability of α = .90 and showed evidence of convergent and discriminant validity in MTMM analyses with the constructs of product value-expressiveness, product involvement, and product exclusivity/luxury. The PSS scale can also be used for brand symbolic status research. The marketing and advertising research implications are discussed.