Many tools have been developed to automatically verify security properties on cryptographic protocols. But until recently, most tools focused on trace properties (or reachability properties) such as authentication and secrecy. However, many security properties cannot be expressed as trace properties, but can be written as equivalence properties. Privacy, unlinkability, and strong secrecy are typical examples of equivalence properties. Intuitively, two protocols P, Q are equivalent if an adversary can not distinguish P from Q by interacting with these processes. In the literature, several notions of equivalence were studied, e.g. trace equivalence or a stronger one, observational equivalence. However, it is often very difficult to prove by hand any of these equivalences, hence the need for efficient and automatic tools. We first worked on an approach that rely on constraint solving techniques and that is well suited for bounded number of sessions. We provided a new algorithm for deciding the trace equivalence between processes that may contain negative tests and non-determinism. We applied our results on concrete examples such as anonymity of the Private Authentication protocol and the E-passport protocol. We also investigated composition results. More precisely, we focused on parallel composition under shared secrets. We showed that under certain conditions on the protocols, the privacy type properties are preserved under parallel composition and under shared secrets. We applied our result on the e-passport protocol. At last this work presents an extension of the automatic protocol verifier ProVerif in order to prove more observational equivalences. This extension have been implemented in ProVerif and allows us to automatically prove anonymity in the private authentication protocol.

Denna uppsats kommer att behandla arbetslöshet bland unga vuxna som just nu befinner sig i ett arbetsmarknadspolitiskt program via ett specifikt företag här i Sverige. Företagets arbete syftar bland annat till att hjälpa långtidsarbetslösa till sysselsättning. Syftet med undersökningen är att utifrån informanternas upplevelse analysera vad som påverkar just deras arbetslöshet. Jag har utifrån en kvalitativ metod genomfört sex intervjuer med unga män i åldrarna 22-26 år. Materialet har sedan analyserats utifrån två sociologiska perspektiv: Symbolisk interaktionism samt Emotionssociologi. I min analys av materialet fann jag två kärnkategorier. Den första var kategorin ung och stigmatiserad, vilken genomsyrades av informanternas upplevelse att de som unga inte alltid får chansen att visa vad de går för. Men också att de som unga helt enkelt inte har hunnit skaffa sig tillräckligt med erfarenhet eller nätverk. Detta kan bero på den förlängda etableringsprocessen som även forskningen i ämnet tar upp. Den andra kärnkategorin jag fann var socialt stöd, vilken var av en betydande roll när det gäller informanternas situation som arbetslösa. Stöd visade sig nämligen höja motivationen till att ta sig ur deras arbetslöshet. Fanns det inget stöd från tillexempel familjemedlemmar tenderade detta istället att ge informanterna upplevelser av skam över sin situation och därmed även en lägre motivation för vissa av dem. Informanterna blev även färgade av hur deras närmaste omgivning såg på dem som arbetslösa, vilket också påverkade hur de upplevde att övriga samhället värderade dem. / This paper will address unemployment among young adults who now find themselves in an action program through a specific company here in Sweden, whose work, among other things, aims to help long-term unemployed into employment. The purpose of the study is based on the informants' experience analyzing what affects their particular unemployment. I have based the study on a qualitative method and conducted six interviews with young men aged 22-26 years. The material was then analyzed and based on two sociological perspectives: symbolic interactionism and emotion sociology. In my analysis of the material I found two corecategories. The first category is young and stigmatized and this category was imbued with that young people not always get the chance to show what they can do. But also because they simply have not yet acquired enough experience or networks. This may be due to the extended provisioning process that research on this subject raises. The other corecategory is social support, wich had a significant role in the informants' situation as unemployed. Support turned out to increase the motivation to get out of their unemployment. If there was no support from families, informants tended to feel ashamed about their situation and thus tended to give a lower motivation for some of them. The informants were also affected by how the people around them viewed them as unemployed, which in turn affected how they felt the rest of society valued them.

Large multi-national corporations experience more and more pressure to maintain good relationships with their stakeholders, including employees. Concurrent with this, the focus of Corporate Communication management has shifted from pure communication management to relationship management. Lonmin Platinum, a mining company within the South African mining and minerals sector is no exception in this regard. In fact, due to the apartheid legacy and government regulations that are aimed at safety and equity, it is especially difficult to manage employee relationships in the mining industry. Apart from historical and environmental factors, Lonmin Platinum's task is further complicated by its diverse work-force. At the time of the study the work-force of approximately 20 000 employees consisted of literate, semiliterate and illiterate employees. In addition, the company comprised five business units, each with their own corporate identity. In order to manage relationships effectively, a company needs to understand the nature and quality of its relationships as well as which factors might influence its stakeholder relationships. Studies have already indicated that a company's corporate identity can contribute to the stakeholders' images of the company. Over time, the image impacts on the company's reputation and consequently on the stakeholders' relationships with the company. In the case of a company such as Lonmin Platinum, with an endorsed corporate identity, it can be expected that corporate identity will also play a role in the nature and quality of relationships, including employee relationships. Previous studies have investigated the link between corporate identity and relationships focussing on communication, and on behaviour elements of identity. Up until now, no examples of research of the possible influence of symbolic corporate identity elements on relationships in the South African mining industry could be traced. Against this background, the following research question was asked: What is the relationship between employees' perceptions of symbolic corporate identity elements and employer-employee relationships at Lonmin Platinum? Semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews and quantitative questionnaires were applied as data collection methods. The results confirmed that Lonmin Platinum did not have a good relationship with its employees in general. The lack of trust was seen as one of the most apparent problems. It also seemed that the employees did not understand the company's endorsed corporate identity. They, for example, did not understand the company structure and identified themselves more with the symbolic corporate identity of their respective business units than with the company itself. With regard to the correlation between symbolic corporate identity and relationships, this study indicated a relationship between employees' perceptions of how effective the company reached it objectives and the quality of its employee relationships. Company objectives, such as a safe working environment, a healthy working environment, socioeconomic empowerment and accountability, as well as a company that unites its workforce and creates a family feeling amongst the employees impacted most on employee relationships. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

In this work is analysed problem – younger and older teenager and young adult visual thinking peculiarities and education. Objective of this research is to find younger and older teenager and young adult visual thinking peculiarities and provide recomendation for education of visual thinking. Research task: 1. To analyse visual thinking development singularities in nonfiction education and psichological literature. 2. Compare younger and older teenager and young adult visual abstractiveness level. 3. Compare younger and older teenager and young adult colow expression of images expressing notions: „happyness“, „anger“, „fear“, „sorrow“, „fault“, „shame“. 4. Compare younger and older teenager and young adult expression using shapes of theese notions („happyness“, „anger“, „fear“, „sorrow“, „fault“, „shame“). In this work used theese methods of objective: analyse of science literature, grapic objective, that is drawing task, data – processing using PC (SPSS package), statistics. I have used graphic research methodology provided by D. Jurkšaitė (1982): using colors and shapes express six notions („happyness“, „anger“, „fear“, „sorrow“, „fault“, „shame“). In this research used these colors: yellow, orange, pink, red, hirsch, light blue, blue, purple, salad-bowl, green, brown, black. Task perform time infinitive. In objective attendanced 150 respondents, in three age groups: 50 younger teenagers, 15-16 years, 50 older teenagers,18-21 years and 50 young adults, 22-27 years... [to full text]

Egzistuoja du matematinių problemų sprendimo būdai: skaitmeninis ir simbolinis. Simbolinis sprendimo būdas manipuliuoja simboliniais objektais, tokiais kaip loginės ar algebrinės formulės, taisyklės ar programos. Priešingai nei skaitmeninis būdas, pagrindinis simbolinių skaičiavimų tikslas yra matematinės išraiškos supaprastinimas. Dažniausiai galutinis atsakymas būna racionalusis skaičius arba formulė, todėl simboliniai skaičiavimai gali būti naudojami: • surasti tikslų matematinės problemos sprendimą, • supaprastinti matematinį modelį. Nedidelės apimties matematinėms išraiškoms supaprastinti užtenka ir vieno kompiuterio, tačiau yra tokių išraiškų, kurioms supaprastinti nebeužtenka vieno kompiuterio atminties ar procesoriaus, todėl geriausias sprendimas šioje situacijoje yra lygiagretieji skaičiavimai kompiuterių klasteryje. Pagrindinė problema lygiagrečiuose skaičiavimuose yra duomenų paskirstymo algoritmo efektyvumas. Šiame darbe yra pateikti vieno iš paskirstymo algoritmų ir kelių jo modifikacijų eksperimentiniai tyrimai. / There are two methods of mathematical problems solving: the digital, and symbolic. Symbolic solutions manipulate symbolic objects, such as logical or algebraic formulas, rules or programs. In contrast to the digital solution, the main purpose of the symbolic calculations is the symbolic simplification of mathematical expressions. In most cases, the final answer is rational number, or formula, and therefore symbolic calculations can be used: (1) • to identify the precise solution of the mathematical problem, • to simplify the mathematical model. For calculation of small mathematical expression it is enough one computer. But there are expressions which need more then one computer memory capacity or processing power. In these cases best solution is parallel calculations in computer cluster. The main problem of parallel calculations is the efficiency of distribution algorithm. This work presents experimental studies of one distribution algorithm and of several it‘s modifications.

This dissertation features methods of analyzing symbolic music, focused on n-gram-based approaches, as this representation resembles the most text and natural languages. The analysis of similarities between several text and music corpora is accompanied with implementation of text-based methods for problems of composer classification and symbolic music similarity definition. Both problems contain thorough evaluation of performance of the systems with comparisons to other approaches on existing testbeds. It is also described how one can use this symbolic representation in conjunction with genetic algorithms to tackle problems like melody generation. The proposed method is fully automated, and the process utilizes n-gram statistics from a sample corpus to achieve it. A method of visualization of complex symbolic music pieces is also presented. It consist of creating a self similarity matrix of a piece in question, revealing dependencies between voices, themes and sections, as well as music structure. A fully automatic technique of inferring music structure from these similarity matrices is also presented The proposed structure analysis system is compared against similar approaches that operate on audio data. The evaluation shows that the presented structure analysis system outperformed significantly all audio-based algorithms available for comparison in both precision and recall.

This thesis investigated women’s self-presentation when seeking a romantic partner on an online dating site. Fifteen online dating profiles written by women, ages 25 to 29, seeking a male partner were collected and analyzed. Narrative analysis was used to study the profiles’ thematic content and structural form. From the thematic analysis, two stories emerged: the Single Woman Story and the Relationship Story. Within the Single Woman Story, there were four themes: Poetic and Philosophical, Idealistic, Independent, and Active. Within the Relationship Story, there were two main themes: Adventures of a New Life Stage, and Sharing a Life with Someone. From the structural analysis, a continuum was evident: at one end, women focused primarily on themselves (Who I Am) and at the other end, women primarily focused on a potential partner (Who You Are). The strengths and limitations of the study, along with implications of the results are discussed.

Darbą sudaro trys dalys. Pirmoje dalyje kalbama apie kyžiaus simboliką ir teologiją. Antroje dalyje nagrinėjama Trijų Kryžių kalno istorija ir simbolika. Trečioje dalyje atrasti dalykai lyginami su bendrosiomis ugdymo programomis. / In this research talking about symbol of cross and the Hill of the Three crosses and its use in educational programs of Lithuania.

Similarity in music is a concept with significant impact on ethnomusicology studies, music recommendation systems, and music information retrieval systems such as Shazam and SoundHound. Various computer-based melody similarity measures have been proposed, but comparison and evaluation of similarity measures is inherently difficult due to the subjective and application-dependent nature of similarity in music. In this thesis, we address the diversity of the problem by defining a set of music transformations that provide the criteria for comparing and evaluating melody similarity measures. This approach provides a flexible and extensible method for characterizing selected facets of melody similarity, because the set of music transformations can be tailored to the user and to the application. We demonstrate this approach using three music transformations (transposition, tempo rescaling, and selected forms of ornamentation) to compare and evaluate several existing similarity measures, including String Edit Distance measures, Geometric measures, and N-Gram based measures. We also evaluate a newly implemented distance measure, the Beat and Direction Distance Measure, which is designed to have greater awareness of the beat hierarchy and better responsiveness to ornamentation. Training and test data is drawn from music incipits from the RISM A/II collection, and ground truth is taken from the MIREX 2005 Symbolic Melodic Similarity task. Our test results show that similarity measures that are responsive to music transformations generally have better agreement with human generated ground truth. / Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2012-08-31 11:03:01.167

Previous research on healing in Ireland has primarily been the concern of folklorists. Based on interviews with a variety of healers, this thesis broadens our understanding of healing in Ireland by considering the socio-political context within which healing beliefs and practices occur. Theory from the anthropology of the body and the critical interpretive approach within medical anthropology provide means for exploring how the body is used as a symbol to express anxiety about social change in Ireland and how individual bodies are socialized and regulated within an economy of power. Prevailing views of the correct "Irish body" are shown to be important elements of Irish identity, especially vis-a-vis the outside world. By drawing attention to the significance of key themes of healing within contemporary Irish society, this thesis suggests that "Irishness" is inscribed in the body in healing.