On a manifold with edge we construct a specific class of (edgedegenerate) elliptic differential operators. The ellipticity refers to the principal symbolic structure σ = (σψ, σ^) of the edge calculus consisting of the interior and edge symbol, denoted by σψ and σ^, respectively. For our choice of weights the ellipticity will not require additional edge conditions of trace or potential type, and the operators will induce isomorphisms between the respective edge spaces.

We construct elliptic elements in the algebra of (classical pseudo-differential) operators on a manifold M with conical singularities. The ellipticity of any such operator A refers to a pair of principal symbols (σ0, σ1) where σ0 is the standard (degenerate) homogeneous principal symbol, and σ1 is the so-called conormal symbol, depending on the complex Mellin covariable z. The conormal symbol, responsible for the conical singularity, is operator-valued and acts in Sobolev spaces on the base X of the cone. The σ1-ellipticity is a bijectivity condition for all z of real part (n + 1)/2 − γ, n = dimX, for some weight γ. In general, we have to rule out a discrete set of exceptional weights that depends on A. We show that for every operator A which is elliptic with respect to σ0, and for any real weight γ there is a smoothing Mellin operator F in the cone algebra such that A + F is elliptic including σ1. Moreover, we apply the results to ellipticity and index of (operator-valued) edge symbols from the calculus on manifolds with edges.

The overall aim of the study is to understand and describe the phenomenon ‘atmosphere in care settings’ as experienced by patients, significant others and health care staff. The study consists of four papers, each of which illuminates various aspects of the phenomenon. Data consisted of observations and interviews with patients, significant others and staff (n=126) within a hospice, a geriatric, a medical and an oncology setting, and community care settings for older people. Narrative analysis, grounded theory, and phenomenological hermeneutics were used in a triangular fashion to analyse the data. The findings illuminate the phenomenon ‘atmosphere in care settings’ as being constituted by two interacting and interwoven dimensions: the physical environment and people’s doing and being in the environment. The physical environment is the first dimension, and five aspects were illuminated, namely the physical environment as a symbol; as containing symbols; as influencing interaction; as facilitating a shift of focus from oneself to the environment, and; as containing scents and sounds influencing experiences of at-homeness or alienation. People’s doing and being in the environment is the other dimension, and five aspects were illuminated, namely the experience (or absence of experience) of a welcoming; of seeing and being seen; of a willingness to serve; of a calm pace; and of safety. It was understood that people’s doing and being influences experiences of the physical environment and that the physical environment influences experiences of people’s doing and being. The comprehensive understanding illuminated that the phenomenon is not merely subtle qualities of the place for care, but an active part of care. Both the physical environment and peoples doing and being conveys messages of caring and uncaring. The atmosphere of a care setting can at best support experiences of at-homeness in relation to oneself, others and the surrounding world.

During my practice as a teacher trainee at an upper secondary school it became clear to me that many pupils have difficulties with algebra. Also in a report from the National Agency for Education (1999) you can see that the students algebra knowledge get worse and worse. I was surprised to find that many pupils seemed to get stuck on the level of attainment for the senior level of the nine-year compulsory school. As I have not studied anything about difficulties in algebra during my training to become a qualified teacher I would like to get to know more about this. I also examine why you have to study algebra in upper secondary school. In my examination I have besides studying research used an empirical study. The empirical study consists of four interviews with upper secondary school teachers in mathematics. The result of my assignment can be summarized with that algebra gives you general solutions to problems, gives you larger poosibility to manage higer studys and its an important tool in other subjects in Upper Secondary School. The typical mistakes students do depends especially on fault due to lack of arithmetic skills. / Under mina praktikperioder på gymnasieskolan som lärarstudent kom jag i kontakt med många elever som hade det svårt med algebra. Även i en rapport från Skolverket (1999) fastlås gymnasieelevers allt sämre algebrakunskaper. Jag förundrades över att många elever verkade ha fastnat på högstadiets kunskapsnivå. Då jag inte har fått någon undervisning om elever med svårigheter i algebra i min lärarutbildning, vill jag lära mig mer om detta. Jag undersöker också varför man läser algebra på gymnasieskolan. I min undersökning har jag förutom litteraturstudier använt mig av en empirisk studie. Den empiriska studien består av intervjuer med fyra gymnasielärare i matematik. Resultatet av mitt arbete kan sammanfattas med att algebra ger generella lösningar på problem, ger större möjligheter att klara av högre studier och att det är ett viktigt verktyg i många andra ämnen i gymnasieskolan. De typiska fel som gymnasieelever gör beror främst på fel p.g.a. aritmetiska färdigheter saknas.

The aim of this study is to investigate how the female author, Charlotte Brontë, describes the development of her female protagonist in Jane Eyre and to compare this to how the male author, Fyodor Dostoevsky, describes the development of his male protagonist in Crime and Punishment, inside the patriarchal 19th century. My basic idea is that both characters in these two books have to reach their own unknown to find satisfaction and a new existence, and I want to investigate what the characters have to go through to find that existence. To help me in my exploration of Jane Eyre I make use of Gilbert and Gubars’ book The Madwoman in the Attic and in the case of Crime and Punishment, I make use of Pelikan Straus’ article ”“Why did I say ’Women!’?” Raskolnikov Reimagined”. Both authors discuss literature from a gender perspective, but without comparing female and male characters or authors with each other, which I believe is important for a more holistic understanding of gender issue. The conclusion of this essay is that these books are describing the main characters’ evolution towards their personal unknown with the same tools, a double self, an important symbol, and in the end a love partner that embodies that unknown. Furthermore, I conclude that this development moves in opposing directions, whereby the female character gets in touch with a more traditional male disposition and the male character gets in touch with a more traditional female disposition. This mirrors the different position men and women are assigned in the patriarchal society. In conclusion, I suggest that all social roles are ultimately confining (irrespective of sex), and are attracted to the opposite pole, in order to discover what the individual does not have access to in the social sphere.

Wayfinding Design for Randomly Developed Areas: The Beltline Case Study proposes a wayfinding signage program for the new public transit project in Atlanta known as the Beltline. This program unites the Beltline with other transit options within Atlanta, such as MARTA, to form a comprehensive transit system. This program will be known as The Atlanta Unified Transit Program. My proposed signage program includes map kiosks, information posts and signs promoting the various levels of transit offered in Atlanta as well as information about the areas surrounded by public transit. The signage examples created for my thesis are prototypes that could later be applied to any location within the area serviced by public transit.

The purpose of this essay is to see if the Swedish nationalist party”Sverigedemokraterna” use religion rhetorically in their paper SD-Kuriren, and if so,then how? The method used to examine this is called rhetorical analysis. Furthermore, thetheory to explore how religion is used rhetorical is Said's Orientalism. The results show that religion is used rhetorically in the articles. Islam is explainedfrom our point of view in the west, and not their own. Islam becomes a religion that is faraway from what the Swedish culture is like, and also a religion that is violent andirrational compared to the Swedish culture, but also other religions, such as Judaism.Also, religion is used rhetorically to show that Islam is the opposite in relation toChristianity and Judaism.

This research examines the ways in which the Vancouver Olympics emblem, an Inuit inuksuk, and other Aboriginal symbols have been ‘adopted’ by the organizers of the 2010 Winter Olympics, how visual and textual Aboriginal representations have been incorporated into the public education mandate of the Games, and how this relates to the Aboriginal Participation Goals of the Vancouver Organizing Committee (VANOC). I use Freirian critical cultural pedagogy and Foucauldian theories along with a visual research method, semiotic analysis, as a way to examine the material presented on the official Vancouver 2010 Olympic website and related websites.

Inledning: För att få så god mänsklig omsorg som möjligt i livets slutskede behöverpatienter ha någon att dela den sista svåra tiden med. Syftet med undersökningen var att försöka förstå hur övergången mellan liv och död kan underlättas. Frågeställning: Studien avsåg att besvara fyra frågeställningar. – Förutsättningar för samtalet med den döende vid livets slutskede? – Är det genomförbart att vårda människor med värdighet till livets slut? – Går det att skapa emotionella band och känslomässig närhet till patienter som befinner sig vid livets slutskede? – Hur kan vården stödja den döende med hjälp av kultur, musik, konst? Metod: En kvalitativ undersökning valdes. Intervjuer gjordes med fem legitimerade sjuksköterskor som arbetade på Hospice. Resultatet visade att dialogen är utgångspunkten för det mellanmänskliga äkta mötet. Trots kroppens förfall finns förutsättningar att vårda patienten med värdighet till livets slut. Det uppstår emotionella band mellan patienterna och de legitimerade sjuksköterskorna som varar till livet slut. Konst, musik, litteratur och andlighet är betydelsefullt för patienternas förmåga att uthärda det svåra lidandet. På Hospice bejakas livet och döden betraktas som en normal process. Slutsatser: De legitimerade sjuksköterskorna uppvisade en hög samstämmighet i sina svar och en gemensam vård filosofi, där samtalet var en viktig länk inom den palliativa vården. Det ar höga ideal om en värdig död och arbetar hårt för att främja detta mål. Samstämmigheten kan beror på ett urval av sjuksköterskor med stort engagemang, känsla för mening och syfte med sitt arbete samt personlig inre mognad. Den palliativa vårdens filosofi kan fördjupas genom fortsatt forskning och utveckling, vilket skulle kunna leda till en egen specialitet, Palliativ Medicin.

To combat channel fading, cooperative communication achieves spatial diversity for the transmission between source and destination through the help of relay. However, if the relay behaves abnormally or maliciously and the destination is not aware, the diversity gain of the cooperative system will be significantly reduced, which degrades system performance. In our thesis, we consider an one-relay decode and forward cooperative network, and we assume that the relay may misbehave with a certain probability. If the relay is malicious, it will garble transmission signal, resulting in severe damage to cooperative system. In this work, we discuss three kinds of malicious behavior detection. More specifically, we adopt sequential detection to detect the behavior of relay. If tracing symbols are inserted among the source message, the destination detects malicious after extracting the received tracing symbols. We adopt log-likelihood ratio test to examine these tracing symbols, and then determine the behavior of relay. If the source does not transmit tracing symbols, the destination detects misbehavior according to the received data signal. Furthermore, we employ sequential detection to reduce detection time for a given probabilities of false alarm and miss detection. Through simulation results, for a certain target on probability of errors, our proposed methods can effectively reduce numbers of observations. On the other works, the destination can effectively detect misbehavior of relay, and eliminating the damage causes by malicious relay without requiring large numbers of observations.