This article focuses on lessons learned from district implementation of Utah Senate Bill 64 passed in 2012, which requires large-scale reform in evaluating teacher quality. This statemandated reformation effort requires all principals to evaluate teacher performance using new state teacher standards adopted in 2011. District implementation efforts used effective professional development that included peer collaboration and practicum experiences as evidenced by successfully certifying all principals in the evaluation of teacher performance. Twenty-seven principals representing nine districts were selected for this qualitative study. Data was collected during a one-on-one interview with each principal to gather insights about district efforts to prepare them individually to effectively evaluate teacher performance. In addition, data were coded and analyzed for evidence of change knowledge principles. The central lesson learned is that sustainable and continuing teacher quality improvements require a continual collective capacity vision and approach at all levels of the educational system. Certifying principals in the use of an improved teacher evaluation tool through effective professional development efforts is one step in achieving improvements in teacher quality. Consideration of the following four components of change knowledge principles foster and strengthen district efforts when implementing strategic targets for the continuation of teacher quality improvements: (a) expand teacher quality improvements to include both individual and collective capacity building opportunities; (b) create a plan of action that builds on efforts to comply with state law and expands implementation efforts to use the evaluation tool for improved student learning through continual teacher quality improvements; (c) provide professional development that includes strategic opportunities for principals to build their capacity in their critical role and responsibilities to continue teacher quality growth; (d) provide supports in the context of a principal's school through practicum experiences that foster the acquisition and sustainability of skills that support teacher quality improvements.

The genesis of the informal sector in Mozambique is similar to the way it emerged in many other countries in the world, starting mainly with small businesses performed by unemployed people, peasent families, street vendors among others as their self employment. The informal sector offers a striking illustration of the strengths and weakness of enterprises in Mozambique. A simple and transparent legal framework, properly enforced is indispensable for the long term success of the informal sector to turn to formal sector. Taxation is controversary in the informal sector. The existing tax system in Mozambique is distorced and naturally contribute to a host of economic and social problems. The needed for the reform of taxation system has been acknowledged for instance the recent implementation of VAT system in Mozambique still on process of implementation. Taxes generated by the informal sector could contribute to the budget of the State. / Mercantile Law / LL.M.

O objeto de estudo é a reforma do sistema de justiça no Brasil, abordada por uma etnografia da criação e implantação dos Centros de Integração e Cidadania – CIC, um programa implantado pelo governo do estado de São Paulo desde 1996, visando melhorar o acesso à justiça para a população pobre e a articulação das instituições de justiça (Polícia Civil, Ministério Público, Poder Judiciário, entre outros). A pesquisa reconstruiu o idéario de criação do CIC como um movimento de reforma da justiça, animado por magistrados e outros operadores jurídicos, no contexto dos movimentos por democracia política e social e universalização dos direitos humanos dos anos 1980. A história do CIC, de suas apropriações, mudanças de rumo, adaptações, deslocamentos e resultados, é uma história de lutas em torno do significado da expansão do Estado de direito – conseqüentemente sobre o que e como reformar ou conservar nos serviços de justiça. A pesquisa interrogou o campo da gestão estatal de conflitos, a partir do que se pode observar no seu alcance capilar, em suas extremidades: para o discurso de criação do CIC, o funcionamento da justiça na periferia transformaria todo o sistema; para a pesquisa tratou-se de uma oportunidade de observar um conjunto de instituições operando no mesmo campo, de observar o sistema de justiça pelas suas franjas, pelos postos de trabalho de pouco prestígio, procurando a microfísica do poder em suas extremidades, interrogando os efeitos concretos do funcionamento dos serviços de justiça. A análise sobre a mediação de conflitos nos diversos serviços de justiça disponíveis nos postos do CIC, sob a perspectiva da interpretação dos rituais de resolução de conflitos, preparou as conclusões da pesquisa sobre a oferta dos serviços de justiça para a população pobre e as dificuldades em democratizá-los. A fragmentação e a pluralidade de rituais de resolução empregados por agentes públicos não reflete a expansão do Estado de direito, pretendida pelo movimento de reforma; reflete antes a concorrência de juridicidades mobilizadas nas relações de poder entre as partes em conflito e delas com os agentes estatais. A liberdade de mobilização de diversos rituais de resolução de conflitos, com diversos resultados, corresponde à pluralidade de relações de poder estabelecidas e visões circulantes sobre o direito; contudo não estabelece garantias jurídicas ou simbólicas de eficácia, minando a eficácia do primado do direito estatal. A tese encerra-se com análise da corporificação dos operadores jurídicos e os rituais de distinção do campo jurídico, buscando demonstrar como eles se inscrevem no corpo, no tempo e no espaço. / The object of this thesis is the justice system reform in Brazil, analyzed by an ethnographical approach on the creation and implementation of the Citizenship Integration Centres – CIC, a program developed by São Paulo State government since 1996 and designed for enlarging poor population access to justice and improving the articulation among justice system institutions (Police, Prosecution Office and Judiciary). The research reconstructed the CIC creation frame as a justice system reform movement, sustained by magistrates and other legal operators, in a context of movements for political and social democracy and universalization of human rights in the 1980’s. The history of the CIC, its appropriations, route changes, adaptations, dislocations and outcomes, is a history of disputes surrounding the meaning of the rule of law expansion and, therefore, disputes on what and how to reform or conserve in justice services. The research interrogated the field of state management of conflicts, from what one can observe in its capillarity, in its extremities: for the CIC creation discourse, the functioning of justice in poor neighborhoods was a mean to transform all justice system; for the research, this was a chance to observe a set of institutions operating in the same field, to observe the justice system by its fringes, by the ranks of word of lower prestige, to look for the power microphysics in its extremities and to interrogate the real effects of justice services functioning. The analysis of conflict mediation in the different justice services available in CIC, under the perspective of the conflict resolution rituals interpretation, prepared the research conclusions about the offers of justice services for the poor and the difficulties in democratizing them. The fragmentation and plurality of conflict resolution rituals undertaken by public agents do not reflect the expansion of the rule of law intended by the justice reform movement; it reflects the competition of laws mobilized in power relations between the conflict parts and between them and state agents. The freedom to mobilize different conflict resolution rituals, with different outcomes, corresponds to the plurality of law perspectives and power relations established. However, it does not establish legal or symbolic guarantees of effectiveness, mining the effectiveness of the state law primate. The last part of the thesis analyses the legal operators’ embodiment and the rituals of distinction on legal field, aiming to demonstrate how they are inscribed in the body, time and space.

Submitted by Cristiane Chim (cristiane.chim@ucpel.edu.br) on 2018-06-14T12:40:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline R. da Silveira.pdf: 3230152 bytes, checksum: d6a475a47a49747c52af95d8b5076e61 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T12:40:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline R. da Silveira.pdf: 3230152 bytes, checksum: d6a475a47a49747c52af95d8b5076e61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / This dissertation deals with the governmental divulgation discourse of the secondary educational system reform in Brazil. To do so, it is affiliated with Pêcheux’s Discourse Analysis Theory (AD). Both Archive and corpus were compiled over the “News” section from the Ministry for Education website. The period comprehended by the analysis spans from May 12th, 2016, date of Michel Temer’s taken of government, to the publication of the decree that establishes the reform, in September of the same year. This dissertation is organized in four chapters. The first presents essential notions to an AD analyses, such as subject, meaning and interpretation. The second discusses our analyzed discourse’s production conditions. The third chapter approaches the governmental divulgation discourse, as well as the analytical dispositive construction. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the analysis, by developing a theoretical-analytical gesture. This latter chapter is composed by five analytical gestures, methodologically defined to reckon its specific objectives. This chapter departs from an approximation between journalism and Discourse Analyses. The functioning of: (i) the repeatability, (ii) the exteriority, (iii) the silencing are examined. From this analysis, it was possible to formulate the notion of an echo chamber, as well to comprehend this discourse functioning while propaganda and, therefore, to be constituted as a ‘langue du vent’. Such metaphor, translated as language of wind, describes, in AD, a language use specific to propaganda messages circulation, messages constituted by an emotional appeal and characterized by the ephemerality of the information it publicize. / Com filiação na Análise de Discurso pecheuxtiana, a dissertação trata do funcionamento do discurso de divulgação governamental sobre a reforma do Ensino Médio. O arquivo e também o corpus foram constituídos a partir da seção “Notícias” do portal do Ministério da Educação (MEC). O período compreendido pela análise tem início em 12 de maio de 2016, quando da tomada do poder pelo governo de Michel Temer, e vai até o contexto de promulgação da Medida Provisória que instituiu a referida reforma, em setembro do mesmo ano. A dissertação está organizada em quatro capítulos. No primeiro, são apresentadas noções essenciais para uma análise em AD, tais como sujeito, sentido e interpretação. No segundo, são abordadas as condições de produção do discurso em análise. O terceiro capítulo trata do discurso de divulgação governamental (DDG), bem como da construção do dispositivo analítico. O quarto capítulo ocupa-se com a análise, empreendendo um movimento teórico-analítico. Esse capítulo está formado por cinco gestos de análise, metodologicamente definidos de forma a contemplar os objetivos específicos. Nesse capítulo, parte-se de uma aproximação do jornalismo com a análise do discurso; examina-se o funcionamento: (i) da repetibilidade; (ii) da exterioridade; (iii) do silenciamento. A partir dessas análises, foi possível chegar a formular a noção de câmara de eco, bem como entender o funcionamento desse discurso enquanto propaganda e, por conseguinte, constituir-se como uma língua de vento. Tal metáfora, em AD, descreve o uso da linguagem para a circulação de mensagens que sirvam à propaganda de Estado, constituídas pelo apelo emocional e caracterizadas pela efemeridade das informações que veiculam – quando assim o fazem.

O objeto de estudo é a reforma do sistema de justiça no Brasil, abordada por uma etnografia da criação e implantação dos Centros de Integração e Cidadania – CIC, um programa implantado pelo governo do estado de São Paulo desde 1996, visando melhorar o acesso à justiça para a população pobre e a articulação das instituições de justiça (Polícia Civil, Ministério Público, Poder Judiciário, entre outros). A pesquisa reconstruiu o idéario de criação do CIC como um movimento de reforma da justiça, animado por magistrados e outros operadores jurídicos, no contexto dos movimentos por democracia política e social e universalização dos direitos humanos dos anos 1980. A história do CIC, de suas apropriações, mudanças de rumo, adaptações, deslocamentos e resultados, é uma história de lutas em torno do significado da expansão do Estado de direito – conseqüentemente sobre o que e como reformar ou conservar nos serviços de justiça. A pesquisa interrogou o campo da gestão estatal de conflitos, a partir do que se pode observar no seu alcance capilar, em suas extremidades: para o discurso de criação do CIC, o funcionamento da justiça na periferia transformaria todo o sistema; para a pesquisa tratou-se de uma oportunidade de observar um conjunto de instituições operando no mesmo campo, de observar o sistema de justiça pelas suas franjas, pelos postos de trabalho de pouco prestígio, procurando a microfísica do poder em suas extremidades, interrogando os efeitos concretos do funcionamento dos serviços de justiça. A análise sobre a mediação de conflitos nos diversos serviços de justiça disponíveis nos postos do CIC, sob a perspectiva da interpretação dos rituais de resolução de conflitos, preparou as conclusões da pesquisa sobre a oferta dos serviços de justiça para a população pobre e as dificuldades em democratizá-los. A fragmentação e a pluralidade de rituais de resolução empregados por agentes públicos não reflete a expansão do Estado de direito, pretendida pelo movimento de reforma; reflete antes a concorrência de juridicidades mobilizadas nas relações de poder entre as partes em conflito e delas com os agentes estatais. A liberdade de mobilização de diversos rituais de resolução de conflitos, com diversos resultados, corresponde à pluralidade de relações de poder estabelecidas e visões circulantes sobre o direito; contudo não estabelece garantias jurídicas ou simbólicas de eficácia, minando a eficácia do primado do direito estatal. A tese encerra-se com análise da corporificação dos operadores jurídicos e os rituais de distinção do campo jurídico, buscando demonstrar como eles se inscrevem no corpo, no tempo e no espaço. / The object of this thesis is the justice system reform in Brazil, analyzed by an ethnographical approach on the creation and implementation of the Citizenship Integration Centres – CIC, a program developed by São Paulo State government since 1996 and designed for enlarging poor population access to justice and improving the articulation among justice system institutions (Police, Prosecution Office and Judiciary). The research reconstructed the CIC creation frame as a justice system reform movement, sustained by magistrates and other legal operators, in a context of movements for political and social democracy and universalization of human rights in the 1980’s. The history of the CIC, its appropriations, route changes, adaptations, dislocations and outcomes, is a history of disputes surrounding the meaning of the rule of law expansion and, therefore, disputes on what and how to reform or conserve in justice services. The research interrogated the field of state management of conflicts, from what one can observe in its capillarity, in its extremities: for the CIC creation discourse, the functioning of justice in poor neighborhoods was a mean to transform all justice system; for the research, this was a chance to observe a set of institutions operating in the same field, to observe the justice system by its fringes, by the ranks of word of lower prestige, to look for the power microphysics in its extremities and to interrogate the real effects of justice services functioning. The analysis of conflict mediation in the different justice services available in CIC, under the perspective of the conflict resolution rituals interpretation, prepared the research conclusions about the offers of justice services for the poor and the difficulties in democratizing them. The fragmentation and plurality of conflict resolution rituals undertaken by public agents do not reflect the expansion of the rule of law intended by the justice reform movement; it reflects the competition of laws mobilized in power relations between the conflict parts and between them and state agents. The freedom to mobilize different conflict resolution rituals, with different outcomes, corresponds to the plurality of law perspectives and power relations established. However, it does not establish legal or symbolic guarantees of effectiveness, mining the effectiveness of the state law primate. The last part of the thesis analyses the legal operators’ embodiment and the rituals of distinction on legal field, aiming to demonstrate how they are inscribed in the body, time and space.

En Afrique subsaharienne, la suprématie civile sur les forces armées été l’une des principales lacunes dans l’évolution des institutions étatiques. Les forces armées, dans la plupart des pays, ont encore un rôle politique important La démocratisation tardive en Guinée résulte en Guinée a toujours butté sur les relations ambivalentes et complexes entre l’armée et pouvoir politique. Ces relations s’inscrivent dans une problématique globale de politisation de l’armée. Avec à son actif deux coups d’Etats militaires, la politisation de l’armée est allée de pair avec une dégradation des bases institutionnelles de l’Etat. Cette étude analyse le va et vient permanent entre processus de démocratisation et restauration autoritaire. Les réformes menées allant dans le sens de redéfinition de la politique de sécurité en Guinée se sont cristallisées autour du programme Réforme des Systèmes de Sécurité qui est un enjeu essentiel pour la consolidation des acquis démocratiques d’une part et la dynamique de reconstruction de l’Etat d’autre part. / In Sub-Saharan Africa, civil supremacy over the armed forces has been one of the main gaps in the evolution of the state public institution. Armed forces, in most country, still play an important political role. Late democratization in Guinea results into ambivalent and complex relations between the army and the political power. Those relations are part of the global issue of the politization of the army. With two military coup d’Etats, the politization of the army went hand in hand with a degradation of institutional bases of the State. This study is the analysis and forth between democratization and authoritarian restoration. Policy reforms carried out so far that seeks to redefine the concept of security policy in Guinea have crystallised around the Security Reform System which is on the one hand, a key issue to consolidate democratic achievements and on the other hand, the dynamics of State reconstruction.

本研究主要探討考生或公共行政相關系所及一般大學高年級學生（大學三、四或研究生）在目前社會氛圍下，影響其報考公職意願之因素，經以公務人員工作保障、公務人員形象、公務人員年金改革方案接受程度等為自變項，公務門職業選擇意願為依變項，公共服務動機為調節變項，瞭解其報考公職的關鍵因素。本次以立意抽樣及便利抽驗方式並搭配網路等方式選取樣本。 研究發現公務人員的工作穩定仍是民眾報考公職的重要因素、公務人員的正面形象有助於提升報考意願以及瞭解年金改革方案甚至認同政府改革方向之考生，會提升其報考意願。經將公共服務動機及公務人員年金改革方案接受程度以其次構面分析，發現對制定國家公共政策有興趣、喜歡分享公共政策看法的人或因制定政策而使他人獲得利益而產生成就感者，則其公部門職業選擇意願越高；具有公共利益承諾高的受測者而言，即對制定公共政策有興趣者或喜歡與他人分享公共政策看法者，會增強其接受公務人員年金改革方案的程度；對認為職責優先於個人或願意承擔個人損失去幫助他人的人而言，在公務人員年金改革方案接受程度對公部門職業選擇意願造成影響之情形下，自我犧牲高者，更認同年金改革方案，反之不認同。 本研究認為相關單位在建立公務人員執業之形象上，可透過考試科目與職系說明書裡的工作內容做對照分析，考試制度除了筆試之外，可加入面試或心理測驗，以瞭解報考公職者之報考動機，有助於拔擢真正有意願從事公職服務或真正具有專業能力的人，並開辦與業務相關之專業訓練課程，提升公務人員業務能力，以營造公務人員專業形象。建議後續者針對公務人員年金改革對公部門職業選擇進行實務研究。 / This study mainly explores factors that influence potential public servants’ willingness to choose public services as their career with the current social ethos. Job security and quality of public work, image of public servants, and acceptance of the civil service retirement system reform are adopted as the independent variable. In addition, public service motivation (PSM) is hypothesized as a moderator variable between the previous independent variables and public career intention. Purposive and convenience sampling, along with the use of online survey, are conducted in this study to collect data. As a result, the study demonstrates that the stability of civil service remains the most important factor for the career choice. The positive image of public servants would help to improve the willingness to apply for public service. Also, people who understand or even agree with the public pension reform would increasingly attempt to work in the public sector. Through analyzing the PSM dimensions and the degree of acceptance of civil service retirement system reform, it is also found that those who are interested in formulating public policies or sharing their viewpoints would be more likely to choose public service as a career. Those who have the higher public interest commitment, interested in developing public policy or sharing with others, would enhance their acceptance of civil service retirement system reform program. For those taking the public precedence over the individuals, or those willing to take personal loss to help others, the higher the self-sacrifice, the higher degree of their acceptance to the public pension reform, and vice versa. The research results imply that the government could establish the career image of civil servants through the comparative analysis of national examination subjects and job contents. In addition to written examinations, the government could introduce face-to-face interviews or psychological tests to understand potential public servants’ PSM and select those who are actually willing to engage in public service or have professional competence. Moreover, proper training courses should be provided to help public servants enhance professional capacity and build professional image of civil servants. Future studies may aim for practical research on the influence of the civil service retirement system reform on the intention of choosing a public service career.

Le sujet central de cette thèse concerne les évolutions de la règle électorale dans les régimespost-communistes et traite de la contribution de ces évolutions à la démocratisation dessystèmes politiques de l’Europe du Sud-Est, à partir d’un échantillon d’Etats (Albanie,Bulgarie, Macédoine, Roumanie et Serbie-Monténégro). La transition démocratique et lechangement de régime impliquent la construction d’une nouvelle légitimité politique. Cettelégitimité passe par les élections qui sont au coeur de la démocratie. Ce travail cherche àcomprendre comment sont choisies les règles régissant ces élections. Le choix du systèmeélectoral est, dans une grande mesure, la conséquence de plusieurs processus. L’accent mis surles facteurs déterminants de l’adoption et de la réforme électorale permet de comprendre lesmotivations et les objectifs des évolutions de la règle électorale en Europe post-communiste.L’étude de la législation réformée et l’analyse du comportement des acteurs électorauxpermettent de constater que les leaders politiques ont très souvent contourné le sensdémocratique de la norme électorale. Dans cet échantillon d’Etats, les évolutions de la règleélectorale ont eu des conséquences relatives sur le nombre des partis politiques représentés auParlement. Le changement de régime a favorisé l’alternance des majorités électorales etparlementaires. Cette alternance démontre que les principes démocratiques des électionscontribuent à la stabilisation démocratique, même si le contexte et les enjeux politiques propresà cette région favorisent une relative instabilité des majorités parlementaires etgouvernementales. / The central subject of this thesis concerns the developments of the electoral rule in postcommunistregimes and discusses the contribution of these changes to the democratization ofpolitical systems of Southeast Europe, from a sample of states (Albania, Bulgaria, Macedonia,Romania and Serbia-Montenegro). Democratic transition and regime change involves theconstruction of a new political legitimacy. This legitimacy is through elections that are at theheart of democracy. This work seeks to understand how the rules are chosen these elections.The choice of electoral system is, to a large extent, the result of several processes. The focus onthe determinants of adoption and electoral reform to understanding the motivations and goalsof the developments of the electoral rule in post-communist Europe. The study of the reformedlegislation and behavior analysis of electoral allow players to see that the political leaders haveoften bypassed the democratic sense of the electoral standard. In this sample of countries,changes in the electoral rule had consequences on the number of political parties represented inParliament. Regime change has favored the alternation of parliamentary and electoralmajorities. This alternation shows that the democratic principles of elections contribute to thedemocratic stabilization, even if the context and the political stakes in this region favor a relativeinstability of parliamentary and government majority.

The genesis of the informal sector in Mozambique is similar to the way it emerged in many other countries in the world, starting mainly with small businesses performed by unemployed people, peasent families, street vendors among others as their self employment. The informal sector offers a striking illustration of the strengths and weakness of enterprises in Mozambique. A simple and transparent legal framework, properly enforced is indispensable for the long term success of the informal sector to turn to formal sector. Taxation is controversary in the informal sector. The existing tax system in Mozambique is distorced and naturally contribute to a host of economic and social problems. The needed for the reform of taxation system has been acknowledged for instance the recent implementation of VAT system in Mozambique still on process of implementation. Taxes generated by the informal sector could contribute to the budget of the State. / Mercantile Law / LL.M.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe and explain the main features of implementation practice of house arresting in the Czech Republic and consequently propose possible ways out in relation to subsequent (and successful) continuing of implementation procedure. In terms of theory there are reflected approaches of criminal law, criminology, penology, sociology and public policy. Within the research work, the space had been given to those participants immediately concerned and affected with house arresting agenda - judges, prosecutors, probators, ministry officers (Ministry of Justice), attorneys, watchdog organizations and experts on criminal law from academic sphere. House arresting had entered valid legal regulations in connection with new criminal law effectual since 1.1.2010. This new regulation substituted the pristine penal code. In new criminal law is significant shift of accent from tangible to formal conception of culpability. By the analysis of key participants of objective policy, identification of possible goals, adumbration of solution options is finally formulated optimal version. In terms of this version are reflected possibilities of evaluation and monitoring. Special attention is payed to identification of crucial risks and problems related to implementation practice, which...