Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Consultant: PharmDr. Pavel Ondrejček, Ph.D Student: Lenka Rumlerová Title of Thesis: The effect of rice extract on the compressibility and mechanical properties of microcrystalline cellulose tablets. This thesis deals with influence of rice extract, as a new kind of glidant on compressibility of microcrystalline celulose as a model filler. Furthermore it evaluates the impact of rice extract on tablet properties. Effects of rice extract were compared with two standard glidants - magnesium stearate and colloidal silicon dioxide. As first the influence of diferent glidants concetrations on flow properties of mixtures were assesed. Tablets were compresed using three different compression forces. A force- displacement record was used to evaluate the compressibility of microcrystalline cellulose and its mixtures with glidants. Subsequently, the properties of tablets were evaluated. The radial strenght, abrasion, and tablet disintegration time were measured. The results revealed that the rice extract has the least effect on mixtures flow poperties. However, all mixtures showed a statistically significant improvement in flowability. When using a 1 % rice extract, the flow properties of the...

Submitted by PPG Educa??o em Ci?ncias e Matem?tica (educem-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-04T14:20:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vers?oFinal-Luciano-Racts-homologada.pdf: 1816012 bytes, checksum: 34e6f7fcf05f55fa7c7f8ed0afdad173 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-15T19:10:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Vers?oFinal-Luciano-Racts-homologada.pdf: 1816012 bytes, checksum: 34e6f7fcf05f55fa7c7f8ed0afdad173 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-15T20:24:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vers?oFinal-Luciano-Racts-homologada.pdf: 1816012 bytes, checksum: 34e6f7fcf05f55fa7c7f8ed0afdad173 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / The utilization of DT (Digital Technologies) in educational institutions is no longer an alternative, becoming a necessity, given the context of cyberculture in which we are inserted. However, the context of schools is still lacking in the provision of devices and artifacts to carry out activities involving the use of technologies. Therefore, an alternative is to use devices owned by students, such as smartphones and tablets. This research sought to investigate the contribution of the use of an app, available for smartphones and tablets, in studies in the discipline of Fundamentals of Physics of a public university in the discipline of Fundamentals of Physics of a public university in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The research had a qualitative character, of case-study type and the methodology of analysis used was the Discursive Textual Analysis ? ATD. The results showed that the use of devices, such as smartphones and tablets, can bring the practice closer to theory, helping to build students knowledge. These resources can help the teach work, but there is a need for pedagogical planning to define its use. The teacher nedds to consider, more and more, the integration of digital technologies with his pedagogical proposal. The results found in this research motivate to give segment the use of smartphones and tablets and, at the same time, to recommend the need to offer elements for the qualification of teachers, in order to help potentialize the use of technologies in teaching pratices. / A utiliza??o das TD (Tecnologias Digitais) nas institui??es de ensino deixou de ser uma alternativa para se tornar uma necessidade, visto o contexto da cibercultura no qual estamos inseridos. No entanto, o contexto das escolas ainda est? carente no que tange ? oferta de dispositivos e artefatos para realiza??o de atividades envolvendo o uso de tecnologias. Assim sendo, uma alternativa ? utilizar os dispositivos pertencentes aos alunos, como, por exemplo, smartphones e tablets. Esta pesquisa buscou investigar a contribui??o do uso de um aplicativo, dispon?vel para smartphones e tablets, em estudos na disciplina de Fundamentos de F?sica de uma universidade p?blica no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa teve car?ter qualitativo, do tipo estudo de caso e a metodologia de an?lise utilizada foi a An?lise Textual Discursiva ? ATD. Os resultados apontaram que a utiliza??o de dispositivos, como os smartphones e tablets, podem aproximar a pr?tica ? teoria, colaborando para a constru??o do conhecimento por parte dos estudantes. Estes recursos podem auxiliar o trabalho docente por?m h? a necessidade de um planejamento pedag?gico para definir a sua utiliza??o. O professor precisa considerar, cada vez mais, a integra??o das tecnologias digitais ? sua proposta pedag?gica. Os resultados encontrados nesta investiga??o motivam a dar segmento ? utiliza??o dos smartphones e tablets e, ao mesmo tempo, recomendam a necessidade de ofertar elementos para a qualifica??o dos professores, a fim de auxiliar a potencializar o uso das tecnologias nas pr?ticas de ensino.

Introdução e objetivos: As nanocápsulas, uma vez que são produzidas com polímeros, representam sistemas mucoadesivos promissores. O uso desse tipo de sistema é importante no delineamento de medicamentos que vislumbrem a membrana sublingual como via de administração, devido ao constante fluxo de saliva. Em vista disso, esse trabalho tem como objetivos: estudar o efeito da nanoestruturação em nanocápsulas de polímeros de diferentes características iônicas, quanto as suas propriedades mucoadesivas, quando veiculadas em suspensão, hidrogel ou pós, e frente a distintas superfícies mucoadesivas (discos de mucina, mucosa vaginal ou mucosa bucal); desenvolver nanocápsulas contendo carvedilol, avaliando as suas propriedades mucoadesivas e perfil de permeação do fármaco em diferentes modelos de membrana sublingual; e produzir, a partir das nanocápsulas secas, comprimidos sublinguais contendo carvedilol nanoencapsulado. Metodologia: Nanocápsulas formadas por Eudragit® RS100, Eudragit® S100 ou poly(ε-caprolactona) [PCL] foram produzidas pelo método de deposição interfacial do polímero. Suas propriedades mucoadesivas foram avaliadas empregando analisador de textura. As nanocápsulas contendo carvedilol foram produzidas pelo mesmo método citado acima, utilizando Eudragit® RS100 e a PCL. A mucoadesão dessas nanocápsulas foi avaliada quanto a sua interação com moléculas de mucina, além do efeito da sua interação com a mucosa sublingual de porco na permanência do fármaco sobre a mucosa e na sua permeação, em presença de um fluxo salivar mimetizado. O transporte de carvedilol através de uma monocamada celular de células de epitélio oral (SCC4) também foi estudado. As suspensões de nanocápsulas foram, então, secas por aspersão e as propriedades das nanocápsulas redispersas foram reavaliadas. Na última etapa, foram produzidos comprimidos sublinguais pelo método de compressão direta, a partir dos pós desenvolvidos. Resultados: A mucoadesividade dos polímeros Eudragit® RS100, Eudragit® S100 e PCL foi potencializada pela sua estruturação em nanocápsulas. Dentre as formulações analisadas, as nanocápsulas catiônicas, formadas por Eudragit® RS100, veiculadas em gel, foram as que apresentaram melhores propriedades adesivas. Além disso, o processo de secagem não interferiu na adesividade das nanocápsulas originais. Em relação a superfície utilizada, a mucina se mostrou uma superfície mais adesiva comparada as mucosas suínas. Entretanto, a mucina reproduziu as diferenças observadas entre as formulações. As nanocápsulas contendo carvedilol interagiram bem com moléculas de mucina, sendo essa interação mais intensa para as nanocápsulas catiônicas [Eudragit® RS100], que para as aniônicas [PCL]. No entanto, ambas as nanocápsulas melhoraram o contato do carvedilol com a mucosa sublingual suína, o que fez com que mais fármaco permeasse através da mucosa, na presença de um fluxo salivar mimetizado, em comparação com uma solução do fármaco. Além disso, as nanocápsulas controlaram a permeação do fármaco através de mucosa sublingual de porco, bem como através de monocamadas de células SCC4. A partir destes resultados, as suspensões de nanocápsulas foram secas por aspersão. As nanopartículas foram recuperadas após redispersão aquosa dos pós e mantiveram suas propriedades mucoadesivas e biofarmacêuticas. Na sequência, os comprimidos foram produzidos como forma farmacêutica final. A presença de nanoestruturas foi observada nos comprimidos, as quais foram liberadas após total desintegração destes em saliva artificial. Além disso, a liberação do fármaco partir dos comprimidos contendo as nanocápsulas apresentou um perfil controlado comparado aos comprimidos contendo o fármaco livre, reforçando a manutenção da estrutura supramolecular das nanocápsulas nos comprimidos. Conclusão: As nanocápsulas produzidas com Eudragit® RS100, Eudragit® S100 ou PCL apresentaram boas características mucoadesivas. As, nanocápsulas de Eudragit® RS100 e PCL também melhoraram a interação do carvedilol com a membrana sublingual de porco. Em ambos os estudos, um melhor desempenho mucoadesivo foi observado para as nanocápsulas catiônicas. Além disso, o carvedilol apresentou boa permeação através de mucosa sublingual suína e através de monocama celular de células de epitélio oral. Ainda, a secagem por aspersão das suspensões de nanocápsulas não alterou significativamente as suas propriedades. A compressão direta dos pós secos por aspersão produziu comprimidos inovadores contendo um sistema nanotecnológico mucoadesivo para administração sublingual de carvedilol, como um nanomedicamento. / Introduction and objectives: Nanocapsules may represent promissing mucoadhesive systems since they are produced with polymers. The use of these systems is very important for drug administration by the sublingual route due to the constantly salivary flux in the oral cavity. In view of this, the objectives of this study were: to study the effect of the nanostructuration in nanocapsules on the mucoadhesiveness of polymers with different charge surface and the effect of the vehicle (suspension, hydrogel, and powder) on the mucoadhesiveness of nanocapsules as well as the effect of different mucosal surfaces (mucin, vaginal mucosa, and buccal mucosa); to develop carvedilol-loaded nanocapsules and to evaluate their mucoadhesive properties and drug permeation profiles using different models of sublingual membrane; and to produce sublingual tablets using spray-dried carvedilol-loaded nanocapsules. Methods: Eudragit®RS100, Eudragit®S100 or poly(ε-caprolactone) [PCL] nanocapsules were produced by interfacial deposition of the polymer method. Their mucoadhesiveness were evaluated by tensile stress tester. Carvedilol-loaded nanocapsules were produced by the method cited above and using Eudragit® RS100 or PCL as polymers. Mucoadhesiveness of nanocapsules were studied analyzing their interaction with mucin molecules and analyzing the effect of their interaction with porcine sublingual mucosa on drug retention as well on the amount of drug permeated to the receptor fluid in the presence of simulated salivary flux. The transport of carvedilol across monolayers of oral epithelial cells (SCC4) was also evaluated. In the next step, nanocapsules suspensions were spray-dried and the properties of redispersed nanocapsules were evaluated. In the last step, sublingual tablets were produced by direct compression using the spray-dried nanocapsules. Results: Mucoadhesiveness of Eudragit® RS100, Eudragit® S100 and PCL were improved by their structuration in nanocapsules. Among the tested formulations, the cationic Eudragit® RS100 nanocapsules formulated as a hydrogel showed the best behavior. Moreover, the drying process did not interfer in the adhesiveness of original nanocapsules. Regarding the surface substrate, mucin discs were more adhesive than porcine mucosas. However, mucin was able to reproduce the differences observed between the formulations. Carvedilol-loaded nanocapsules interacted with mucin molecules and this interaction was more intense for cationic Eudragit® RS100 nanocapsules than for anionic PCL nanocapsules. However, both nanocapsules increased the amount of drug retained on porcine sublingual mucosa and improved the amount of drug permeated through mucosa, in comparison to the drug solution, in presence of a mimetic salivary flux was present. Furthermore, nanocapsules were able to control the drug permeation across porcine sublingual and through SCC4 monolayer. Subsequently, suitable powders were obtained by spray-drying. The original nanoparticles were recovered after aqueous redispersion of powders and the maintenance of their mucoadhesiveness and biopharmaceutics properties was observed. Moreover, sublingual tablets were produced as a final pharmaceutical form. The presence of nanometric particles in the tablets was observed and they were released after tablet disintegration in artififcial saliva. The drug was released by a controlled way from tablets containing nanocapsules when compared to tablets containing the non-encapsulated drug, reinforcing the maintenance of supramolecular structure of nanocapsules in the tablets. Conclusion: The Eudragit® RS100, Eudragit® S100 and PCL nanocapsules showed good mucoadhesive characteristics. Moreover, Eudragit® RS100 and PCL nanocapsules improved the carvedilol interaction with porcine sublingual mucosa. In both studies, cationic nanocapsules showed the best mucoadhesive performance. Additionally, carvedilol showed a good permeation across porcine sublingual mucosa and through oral epithelial cells monolayer. The spray-drying process did not change the properties of the original aqueous nanocapsules. Furthermore, their direct compression produced innovative tablets containing a mucoadhesive nanotechnological system for sublingual administration of carvedilol as a nanomedicine.

郭文德. / "2011年8月". / "2011 nian 8 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 289-300). / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Guo Wende. / 摘要 --- p.i / 目錄 --- p.iii / 圖表目錄 --- p.v / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 硏究背景 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究材料 --- p.2 / Chapter 第三節 --- 硏究方法 --- p.5 / Chapter 第四節 --- 重要槪念解釋 --- p.9 / Chapter 第五節 --- 前人硏究綜述 --- p.15 / Chapter 第二章 --- 傳世文獻所見孫吳屯田槪況 --- p.12 / Chapter 第一節 --- 興辦過程 --- p.22 / Chapter 第二節 --- 分佈地區 --- p.27 / Chapter 第三節 --- 敗壞原因 --- p.35 / Chapter 第四節 --- 出土材料對傳世文獻的補證作用 --- p.40 / Chapter 第三章 --- 「嘉禾吏民田家莂」非屯田辨~論莂券記載土地性質 --- p.44 / Chapter 第一節 --- 關於「嘉禾吏民田家莂」記載土地爲屯田的論說 --- p.44 / Chapter 第二節 --- 公、私田與「租」、「稅」之分 --- p.55 / Chapter 第三節 --- 產權經濟學的檢驗 --- p.70 / Chapter 第四章 --- 「限米」與孫吳屯田 --- p.79 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「限米」意義諸說 --- p.79 / Chapter 第二節 --- 竹簡「限米」帳簿記錄槪況 --- p.88 / Chapter 第三節 --- 「限米」與孫吳屯田的關係 --- p.102 / Chapter 第五章 --- 孫吳屯田基層農官及勞動辨述 --- p.112 / Chapter 第一節 --- 基層農官 --- p.112 / Chapter 第二節 --- 常規勞動者 --- p.121 / Chapter 第三節 --- 補讁勞動者 --- p.131 / Chapter 第四節 --- 其他勞動者 --- p.137 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結論 --- p.153 / Chapter 附表： --- 走馬樓三國吳簡竹簡「限米」帳簿記錄分類統計 --- p.155 / 引用書目 --- p.289

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Informática e Computação. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2011

The dissolution profile of orally delivered drugs can be controlled through the use of osmotically controlled drug delivery devices. The most commonly used device is the osmotic tablet, which is essentially a tablet core that is coated with a rate-limiting semipermeable membrane. The feasibility of applying a coating onto a tablet using dense gas techniques was studied. Two different coating materials, polymethymethacrylate (PMMA, Mw = 120,000 g/mol) and cellulose acetate (CA, 39.8 wt% acetyl content) were applied onto an 8 mm osmotic tablet core using the Gas Anti-solvent (GAS) process. For PMMA, the pressurisation rate, coating temperature and volumetric expansion of up to 250% had minimal effect on the coating quality. The concentration, solvent type and the use of polyethylene glycol (Mw = 200 g/mol) had a more pronounced effect on the coating. The coating process was optimised to apply a smooth and uniform coating with a 50 ??m thickness. For CA, the pressurisation rate and the coating temperature had little effect on the coating that was applied. The process was more sensitive to a change in the concentration of the solution and the volumetric expansion that was used. It was found that the concentration could not be increased too much without affecting the coating quality. A CA coating was applied onto a PMMA-coated tablet using the optimised conditions. The thickness in the tablet coating increased by 10 ??m. Dissolution tests of the uncoated and coated tablets were carried out. The CA coatings were found to be insufficient in limiting the rate of water entering the tablet and performed similarly to an uncoated tablet core. The PMMA coatings were found to limit the rate of delivery of the model drug. However, variations in the PMMA coatings resulted in an inconsistent delivery profile across batches. The tablets coated with both PMMA and CA had a delivery rate in between that of uncoated and PMMA-coated tablets, indicating that the application of the second coating had compromised the initial PMMA coating.

This dissertation is comprised of four distinct formulation sections, which are described below: A novel solid dosage formulation was investigated for achieving zero-order drug release profile by combining tablet shape design and tablet membrane film coating. Verapmail (model drug) was compressed into hydrophilic matrix tablet cores of flat-faced and bi-convex shape, which were encapsulated with membrane controlling film. The hydrophilic tablet core contained hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 15 LV, pectin, and Avecil��. The membrane film coating solution was comprised of deionized water, Opadry��, Surelease�� and talc. The combination of membrane film coating and tablet shape design was found to influence in vitro verapamil release profile towards the zero-order release demonstrated by the commercial Covera HS�� (Pharmacia). An alternative formulation for the commercial Bactroban�� (Smithkline Beacham) ointment 2% was developed. Both the texture and consistency of the new ointment were comparable to the Bactroban�� ointment. The new and the commercial formulations were found to be equivalent in drug release by the Bauer-Kirby test. Mupirocin remained unstable in the new formulation. Mg����� was added to help stabilize mupirocin and was shown to complex with mupirocin by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The modified formulation including Mg����� however failed to stabilize mupirocin. The stability assay results showed an average of 67.2% mupirocin recovery along with 25.2% degradation products. A generic omeprazole formulation was developed, which was comprised of nonpareil core, omeprazole matrix layer, and an enteric locating layer of ammoniated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) 55S. The new formulation was gastro-resistant in protecting against omeprazole degradation for up to 2 h, but failed to dissolve as rapidly as the commercial Prilosec�� (Astra Merk) in simulated intestinal fluid. The addition of expotab�� to the enteric coating layer failed to improve omeprazole dissolution rate. A novel hot-melt coating methodology utilizing direct blending technique has been developed. The processing steps for the direct blending hot-melt coating are: (a) Hot-melt system preparation; (b) Dispersion/dissolution of the active ingredient(s) in the hot-melt system; (c) Pre-heating of the coating substrate; and (d) Cooling and congealing of the hot-melt on substrate surface. Immunogenic effect was observed in mice administered with enteric-coated ragweed pollen extract (RPE) alpha fraction by the hot-melt coating encapsulation with direct blending method. The effect was not shown to be statistically significant. / Graduation date: 2003

National early childhood organizations have posited that technology tools might be used to expand young children's thinking and experiences if offered in playful ways, and organized with interactive activities that allow for individualization and social interaction (NAEYC & Fred Rogers Center, 2012). Furthermore, these organizations have argued for the need to study newer technologies such as touch-screen technologies (NAEYC & Fred Rogers Center, 2012). The purpose of this study is to examine young children's technology-related play choices and actions particularly as they occurred with touch-screen tablets in a classroom setting. The 10-week qualitative study, organized around a classic grounded theory methodology (Glaser, 1978, 1992, 1998) and conducted within a single classroom, reports the close observation and description of 14 public- school pre-kindergarten students' actions with open-ended, symbolic-play tablet apps and interactions with one another, toward building a grounded theory of children's socially situated, tablet-centered digital play. The findings of this study demonstrate how participants' play choices were situated within multiple nested social spheres, including layers of digital play, the iPad activity-center, and the classroom as organized by the teacher. Examination of children's changeable play actions and choices revealed students' use of reflexive tracking as they actively navigated between personal and social interests to engage in three types of play: sampling, experimenting, and engaging in pretense. The findings and theorized model of socially situated dual-tablet play inform the discourse on technology integration in early childhood classrooms as well as the discourse on play, particularly in regards to digital play. / text

Η χρήση των κινητών υπολογιστικών συσκευών έχει αυξηθεί σημαντικά τα τελευταία χρόνια και έχει επεκταθεί σε διάφορες ανθρώπινες δραστηριότητες. Οι συσκευές αυτές μεταφέρονται εύκολα και προσφέρουν τη δυνατότητα σύνδεσης σε ασύρματα δίκτυα και δίκτυα κινητής τηλεφωνίας με σκοπό την επικοινωνία και γενικά την ανταλλαγή δεδομένων. Τα χαρακτηριστικά αυτά καθιστούν τις συσκευές εργαλεία ιδιαίτερα χρήσιμα και ελκυστικά, τα οποία μπορούν να αξιοποιηθούν στην εκπαίδευση με τη χρήση των κατάλληλων εφαρμογών. Σκοπός της συγκεκριμένης έρευνας είναι η μελέτη της χρήσης των κινητών υπολογιστικών συσκευών στην προσχολική ηλικία. Συγκεκριμένα, μελετώνται οι αναπαραστάσεις των μαθητών για τις κινητές υπολογιστικές συσκευές και οι μεταβολές σε αυτές μετά την διδακτική παρέμβαση. Παράλληλα, παρατηρείται η αλληλεπίδραση των μαθητών με τη συσκευή κατά τη διάρκεια της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας και εξετάζεται η αλληλεπίδραση των μαθητών μεταξύ τους . Για το σκοπό της έρευνας σχεδιάστηκε ένα εκπαιδευτικό σενάριο, το οποίο αξιοποιεί εφαρμογές Android που ανήκουν σε διάφορες κατηγορίες λογισμικών. Η παρούσα έρευνα αποτελεί μία μελέτη περίπτωσης και για τη συλλογή των δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκε η ατομική ημιδομημένη συνέντευξη, η συμμετοχική παρατήρηση και η ηχογράφηση. Τα εργαλεία συλλογής δεδομένων που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ήταν οι ερωτήσεις των συνεντεύξεων και οι ηχογραφημένες συνομιλίες των μαθητών κατά την εργασία τους στις ομάδες. Από την έρευνα προκύπτει ότι τα παιδιά προσχολικής ηλικίας αντιλαμβάνονται τις βασικές λειτουργίες των υπολογιστικών συσκευών και μπορούν να αλληλεπιδράσουν με αυτές χωρίς σημαντικές δυσκολίες. Επίσης καλλιεργούν σε κάποιο βαθμό τις επικοινωνιακές τους δεξιότητες ως μέλη μίας ομάδας. Η εποικοδομητική χρήση των κινητών υπολογιστικών συσκευών κατά την εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία, βασίζεται σε σημαντικό βαθμό στον προσεκτικό σχεδιασμό δραστηριοτήτων και στη χρήση κατάλληλων εφαρμογών. / The use of mobile devices has increased over the last few years and has been adopted in many human activities. The mobile devices' main characteristics include portability and connectivity to wireless and mobile networks which enable communication and data exchange. The above features make these devices particularly useful and attractive to be used in education. The purpose of this case study is to address the use of mobile devices in pre-school education. In more detail, the case study examined children’s perceptions of the mobile devices and how they differed after the sessions took place. Furthermore, the children-device interaction and the children-children interaction were explored. A number of Android applications were used as part of an educational scenario that was specifically designed and implemented for the purpose of this case study. The study found that pre-schoolers can easily use and understand the main functions of the tablet. What is more, they can develop their communication skills as members of a team. Finally, the constructive use of tablets in education is primarily based on the careful design of activities and the use of suitable applications.

No description available.