The present research, developed in the Professional Master’s Program in Network Educational Technologies (PPGTER) of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), deals with the development of an application, APPrendendo, which aims to instigate the greater use of the Educational Tablet resource, received by teachers of public high schools through the governmental action called Digital Education – a policy for interactive computers and tablets in their pedagogical practice in classroom. Based on the concept of questions and answers, the application allows teachers to propose challenges to their students in the form of multiple choice questions. In the elaboration of the questions, its functionalities stimulate teachers to use all the resources available in the tablet, such as camera, microphone and Internet access, contributing to their sensitization to the device. The research method used was hypothetico-deductive from the hypothesis of the low use of tablets due to the need of specific applications for the demands of the teachers. By using procedures from action research, the data were obtained through three data collections. Two of them as mixed questionnaires, applied at the beginning and at the end of the research, in which teachers of high schools of Alegrete RS were able to assess their relationship with the Educational Tablet resource before and after the research. Regarding the development of the application, the Web Engineering methodology and the Hybrid Development approach were used. Furthermore, through workshops attended by teachers, the third instrument of data collection, we observed, collected and recorded the requirements for the construction of the research product, APPrendendo application. Through the analysis and comparison of the data collected during the research, we found that the teachers considered the application as a methodological resource capable of being used as a potential tool to promote the use of Educational Tablets. Thus, we concluded that the creation of a specific application for Educational Tablets can contribute to its greater use in classroom by teachers, provided that the application developed is useful and consonant with the reality of teaching, that which during its entire development process the participation of future users is encouraged, and also that the tool exploits all the available resources offering new possibilities for teaching practice. / A presente pesquisa, desenvolvida no Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Tecnologias Educacionais em Rede (PPGTER) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), trata sobre o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo, o APPrendendo, que objetiva instigar a maior utilização do recurso Tablet Educacional, recebido pelos professores da rede pública estadual de ensino médio, a partir da ação governamental denominada, Educação Digital – Política para computadores interativos e tablets, em suas práticas pedagógicas em sala de aula. Baseado no conceito de perguntas e respostas, o aplicativo permite, ao professor, propor desafios aos seus alunos em forma de questões de múltipla escolha. Na elaboração das questões, as suas funcionalidades estimulam o professor a utilizar todos os recursos disponíveis no Tablet, como câmera, microfone e o acesso à Internet, contribuindo para a sua sensibilização ao dispositivo. Quanto ao método de pesquisa, foi escolhido o hipotético-dedutivo, partindo da hipótese da pouca utilização dos Tablets em função da necessidade de aplicativos específicos para as demandas dos professores. Utilizando-se de procedimentos provenientes da pesquisa-ação, os dados necessários à pesquisa foram obtidos por meio de três coletas de dados, duas no formato de questionários mistos, aplicados no início e no fim da pesquisa, em que os professores das escolas de ensino médio da cidade de Alegrete RS puderam avaliar sua relação com o recurso Tablet Educacional antes e após a pesquisa. No tocante ao desenvolvimento do aplicativo, foi utilizada a metodologia Engenharia Web e a abordagem de Desenvolvimento Híbrida, sendo que com a realização de oficinas, o terceiro instrumento de coleta de dados, que contaram com a presença dos professores, foram observados, levantados e registrados os requisitos para a construção do produto da pesquisa, o aplicativo APPrendendo. Através da análise e comparação dos dados levantados ao longo da pesquisa, constatou-se que os professores consideraram o aplicativo como um recurso metodológico apto a ser utilizado e que apresenta potencial como ferramenta fomentadora da utilização dos Tablets Educacionais. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a criação de um aplicativo específico para os Tablets Educacionais pode sim contribuir para a sua maior utilização em sala de aula pelos professores, desde que, a aplicação desenvolvida seja útil e consonante com a realidade docente, que durante todo o seu processo de desenvolvimento conte com a participação dos futuros usuários e que a ferramenta criada explore em suas funcionalidades todos os recursos disponíveis do dispositivo oferecendo novas possibilidades à prática docente.

Vårt syfte med den här studien har varit att öka kunskapen om hur pedagoger förhåller sig till användandet av lärplattor i förskolan. För att ta reda på detta har vi använt oss av kvalitativa intervjuer som metod, där vi har intervjuat åtta pedagoger som arbetar i förskolan. Vi har sedan analyserat vårt material med hjälp av den sociokulturella teorin. Resultatet i studien visar att det skiljer sig en del i hur pedagoger använder sig av och förhåller sig till lärplattor i förskolan. Några pedagoger använder lärplattan till många olika saker, och lärplattan är alltid tillgänglig för barnen. Det förekommer även att pedagoger har en negativ inställning till det digitala i förskolan och att de anser att lärplattor inte hör hemma i förskolan och att barnen i princip behöver skyddas ifrån lärplattan. Resultatet visar även att många av pedagogerna har liten eller ingen kunskap om hur lärplattor kan användas, detta ofta i kombination med att pedagogerna har fått väldigt lite kompetensutveckling.

This study examines how smartphones, laptops and tablets are used to create a sense of security, place, and time in the everyday lives of their consumers. Mark Deuze (2012) and his take on the modern society as a zombie apocalypse has been an inspiration for my work, there of the title. ”We’re all fucking zombies” is a metaphor for how highly-connected people of today are by living in and through the media, instead of living with it. To implement this I’ve chosen a phenomenological perspective, as it is the media-users’ subjective experiences of their everyday lives that I’m mainly interested in studying. I decided to focus on the mobile use of media since most of the research in this area focus on domestic media use. The theoretical framework that has set the foundation for the study is a combination of the time- space-dimensions of mobility, media as practice, symbolic interactionism, relational artifacts and phenomenological sociology. The purpose of using these theories is to get insight on how the media creates new opportunities for our social life, and to get an overview of how the new technological media leads to entirely new types of practices. The empirical data has been collected through a qualitative focus group interview with four respondents. They were selected to participate as they perceive themselves to be above average in comparison with the statistics of Mediebarometern (2014). The results showed that being connected through mobile media is considered to be of high importance. Although the ”connectedness” is only vital when being present in the locations directly related to the everyday life. Based on Silverstones (1994) explanation of phenomenology, and his studies of how television contributes to the ontological security, I conclude that the personalized mobile media has the same effect on it’s users.

Undersökningens syfte är att undersöka hur lärare med en-till-en surfplattor har påverkats i sin matematikundervisning i årskurserna 1-3. Ett ytterligare syfte är också att visa vilka hinder och möjligheter som de upplever med surfplattor. Den empiriska utgångspunkten har varit kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta verksamma lärare i matematikämnet som har tillgång till en-till-en undervisning. Ruthvens (2009; 2013) studie har använts som ramverk för denna studie. Resultatet visar att lärarna har påverkats i sin undervisning av surfplattorna avseende faktorer som färdighetsträning, motivation, individualisering, variation av undervisningen, kunskapsöversikt samt i uppläsningen av uppgifter. De upplevde vid införandet såväl som i det dagliga arbetet både hinder och möjligheter. Framförallt tog införandet tid medan flera av respondenterna uppger att det dagliga arbetet efter ett tag underlättades och mer tid kunde avsättas till att möta eleverna på deras kunskapsnivå. / The purpose of the research is to examine how 1:1 with tablets have affected teachers’ teaching in mathematics in grade 1-3. Another purpose with the research is to demonstrate what possibilities and obstacles may occur with tablets according to participants in the study. The empirical data collection method is qualitative interviews conducted with eight active teachers with access to one-to-one education. Ruthvens (2009; 2013) studies have been used as framework for the research. The results show that teachers have been affected in their teaching with tablets in such ways as increased motivation, skill training in mathematics, individualization, variety of teaching, overview of students’ knowledge and the ability to listen to tasks and overcoming difficulties such as reading and writing. With the introduction of 1:1 the teachers experienced both obstacles and possibilities in their teaching. Especially the obstacle concerning the time it took to implement. The teachers state that the daily work was facilitated after some time and they could spend more time teaching children at their level of knowledge.

The practice of magic was common in the Ancient Greek and Roman Worlds. Curse tablets, astrology, divination and demonology were all common practices within the Ancient religions, but whether or not we can draw a distinct line between magic and religion in regards to ancient practices is a much more complicated and much discussed question. This study will be concerned with curse tablets in Latin from the Roman world. The time period will be focused on the second to the fourth centuries A.D. The ancient curse tablets can be divided into five categories, depending on what subject they are dealing with. These categories are: litigation curses, competition curses, trade curses, erotic curses and prayers for justice. This study will be looking at ways to define the modern concept of magic and set up a number of criteria that will be applied to different types of curse tablets in order to investigate if or to what degree curse tablets can be said to be dealing with magic. It will also investigate if certain categories of curse tablets can be said to be more magical than others. The study shows that all categories except prayers for justice relates well with the modern criteria for magic.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Chinese / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

<p>There are today strong incentives for an increased understanding of material properties and manufacturing processes to facilitate the development of new technologies in the pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this thesis was to suggest methods requiring a low sample amount for characterization of technical properties of powders.</p><p>Compression analysis was used to evaluate the formulation relevance of some compression equations. Using the mechanics of single granules to estimate powder functionality was part of this work. It was concluded that the formability of granular solids and the plasticity of single granules could be determined with compression analysis by using the Kawakita model for single components and binary mixtures of ductile granules.</p><p>Further on, the fragmentation propensity of solid particles could be estimated from compression analysis by using the Shapiro equation, enabling indicators of both the fragmentation and the deformation propensity of particles to be derived in one single compression test.</p><p>The interpretations of the compression parameters were only valid if the influence of particle rearrangement was negligible for the overall compression profile. An index indicating the extent of particle rearrangement was developed and a classification system of powders into groups dependent on the incidence of particle rearrangement was suggested as tools to enable rational interpretations of compression parameters.</p><p>The application of compression analysis was demonstrated by investigating the relevance of the mechanics of granular solids for their tableting abilities. The plasticity of single gran-ules was suggested to influence both the rate of compactibility and the mode of deformation, and consequently the maximal tablet strength. The degree of granule bed deformation was shown to be a potential in line process indicator to describe the tableting forming ability.</p><p>This thesis contributes to a scheme, suitable in formulation work and process control, to describe manufacturability of powders for an enhanced tablet formulation technology.</p>

De senaste årtiondena har det hänt mycket inom digital teknik i vårt samhälle och människan har mer eller mindre gjort sig beroende av dem. Det talas även om att små barn måste lära sig hantera digitala verktyg och många förskolor runt om i vårt land har nu infört surfplattor till sina avdelningar, men det finns delade meningar angående hur och när och om surfplattan används i förskolan. Bakgrunden till undersökningen kom genom att jag upptäckte dessa  splittrade meningar i användandet av digitala verktyg.   Denna kvantitativa undersökning syftar till att få en bild över hur användandet av surfplattan i förskolans verksamhet ser ut i dagsläget. Undersökningen har gjorts med hjälp av enkäter som skickats ut via mail till personal på förskolor runt om i landet. Studien utgår ifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på barns utveckling och samhällets struktur.   Resultatet visar att de som idag har tillgång till surfplattan har en positiv syn på användandet och den används till stor del på ett pedagogiskt sätt men samtidigt också som tidsfördriv. / The last few decades a lot has happened in digital technology in our society, and people have more or less made herself dependent of them. There is also talk about that the young children need to learn how to deal with the digital tools and many preschools across our country have now introduced tablet computers to there departments. But there is disagreements about how, when and if the tablets is used in the preschools. Background to this study came through that I discovered there fragments in the use of digital tools.   This quantitative study seeks to gain a view of how the tablets is used and how the preschool teachers looks at it. The study  was conducted by means of questionnaires sent out by email to staff at preschools around the country. The study is based on a socio-cultural perspective on child development and the structure of society. The results show that those who have access to tablet has a positive view of the use and used largely in an educational way, yet also as a pastime.

Pharmaceutical tablets have been the most dominant form for drug delivery and they need to be strong enough to withstand external stresses due to packaging and loading conditions before use. The strength of the produced tablets, which is characterised by their compressibility and compactibility, is usually deter-mined through a physical prototype. This process is sometimes quite expensive and time consuming. Therefore, simulating this process before hand can over-come this problem. A technique for shape modelling of pharmaceutical tablets based on the use of Partial Differential Equations is presented in this thesis. The volume and the sur-face area of the generated parametric tablet in various shapes have been es-timated numerically. This work also presents an extended formulation of the PDE method to a higher dimensional space by increasing the number of pa-rameters responsible for describing the surface in order to generate a solid tab-let. The shape and size of the generated solid tablets can be changed by ex-ploiting the analytic expressions relating the coefficients associated with the PDE method. The solution of the axisymmetric boundary value problem for a finite cylinder subject to a uniform axial load has been utilised in order to model a displace-ment component of a compressed PDE-based representation of a flat-faced round tablet. The simulation results, which are analysed using the Heckel model, show that the developed model is capable of predicting the compressibility of pharmaceutical powders since it fits the experimental data accurately. The opti-mal design of pharmaceutical tablets with particular volume and maximum strength has been obtained using an automatic design optimisation which is performed by combining the PDE method and a standard method for numerical optimisation.

Evaluation of the tableting mixtures containing the paracetamolum by the parameters of the equation of compression The diploma thesis deals with effect of paracetamol on the parameters of compression equation. These parameters characterize compression process in the individual phases of compression: precompression phase, phase of elastic deformation and phase of plastic deformation. Paracetamolum was studied in the five mixtures, where it occurred in different ratio with microcrystalline cellulose. Looseness, Carr's index and Hausner ratio were evaluated for each mixture. The sizes of reductions ai, sizes of energies Ei and Ri, "half-pressures" pHi and the velocity constants 1/ti were calculated using three-exponential equation of compression for the individual phases of pressing. The results showed poor flow properties of tableting mixtures and thus its unsuitability for direct compression. The results of the study have revealed that increasing amounts of paracetamolum in the mixture increase reduction of volume a1 and velocity of volume change 1/t1 in dependence on the amount of the extruded air and decrease the required energy due to the smooth surface and less friction during the precompression phase. Reduction of volume a2 decrease with the increase of content of paracetamol due to...