MA (Tshivenda) / MER Mathivha Centre for African Languages, Arts and Culture

This study investigates Kinyarwaanda sexuality taboo words and their meaning in Rwandan culture to enable the youth to improve their communication and the values of Rwandan culture. It explores whether the use of Kinyarwaanda sexuality taboo words is a good way to communicate with one another or is a transgression of Rwandan culture. Its intent is to see the value that Rwandans assign to verbal taboos, particularly sexuality taboo words, to see how these taboos regulate Rwandans lives, to see the attitudes Rwandans hold towards them, and to find out the link there might be between sexuality taboo words, the information dissemination on HIV/AIDS and the spread of AIDS.

Bakgrund: Fekal inkontinens innebär en ofrivillig förlust av lös/fast avföring. Fekal inkontinens är ett relativt vanligt förekommande tillstånd, och mörkertalet anses vara stort. Stigmat kring tarmsjukdomar och eliminering gör tillståndet till ett tabubelagt ämne. Att lida av fekal inkontinens försvårar många aspekter av livet och forskning har visat att tillståndet har negativ inverkan på kvinnors livskvalitet. Syfte: Att belysa kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med fekal inkontinens. Metod: En litteraturöversikt genomfördes för att svara an på syftet. Tio kvalitativa artiklar analyserades med fokus på likheter och skillnader i kvinnornas upplevelser. Dessa blev till teman och subteman som utgör litteraturöversiktens resultat. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i fem teman och nio subteman. Resultatets fem teman är: Begränsningar, Ett förändrat jag, Möte med vården, Strategier att hantera fekal inkontinens och Hinder och möjligheter att tala om fekal inkontinens. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuteras utifrån livsvärldsteorin. Fekal inkontinens hade stor inverkan på kvinnornas liv och begränsade deras tillgång till världen. Trots att tillståndet endast är ett kroppsligt symtom påverkade det alla dimensioner av kvinnornas liv. Stigmatiseringen kring tarmfunktion och eliminering skapar svårigheter i kontakten med sjukvården. Vidare beskrivs hur ett livsvärldsperspektiv kan användas för att få en djupare förståelse av kvinnornas upplevelser av att leva med fekal inkontinens.

Appearances and first impressions are deceiving. My figurines represent the twisted world where everything on the surface appears to be perfect, but there are skeletons in everyone's closet.

v anglickém jazyce "The language of Spanish Insults" The objective of the present paper was to explore, as the title indicates, the rich variety of the Spanish insults. We centered mainly on the comparison of the Spanish insults to the Czech insults and observed the diferences and specific characteristics of Spanish insults. We began the first part with the definition of formal and informal language and its sociolects, because we believe that it helps to understand the properties of the insults, since they have many common characteristics with the sociolects. Afterwards, we tried to describe the historical and cultural backgrounds, because due to different evolutions in each country, the habits to use insults and curses are different, especially concerning the curses, which are still very common in Spain. In Czech Republic the curses fell into oblivion during the last century, while the people were becoming more atheistic. The role of taboo is also very important, because in each society, taboo is what's influencing the usage and the importance of every insult. Neverthless, the insults don't serve only for attacking somebody or to show disappointment, but they also have other functions, such as identifying with the members of the group or to address someone in a friendly way. In the practical part,...

Le cinéma est né dans un univers profane où l’homme cherchait à évoluer grâce à la machine. L'origine du 7ème art n’est pas en liaison directe avec des pratiques religieuses ou cérémonielles comme pour la peinture ou le théâtre. Le cinéma n’est pas le fruit d’une expression religieuse, et pourtant le sacré n'a cessé d'y apparaître sous de multiples formes. Robert Bresson a pu, dans ses films, sacraliser le quotidien de n’importe quel homme, en construisant l’espace morceau par morceau. Dans les œuvres de Tarkovski, le sacré prend forme grâce à l'évolution du personnage, qui se dépasse petit à petit. Cependant, dans le cinéma tunisien, le sacré est essentiellement lié au religieux. Que ce soit dans les films de Nacer Khemir, de Nouri Bouzid ou encore de Ridha Behi, le sacré est construit sur un axe vertical. Il s’agit d’un sacré qui se définit – principalement - grâce au lien existant entre l’homme et son Dieu. Est-ce alors l’islamisation de la politique cinématographique dans les pays arabes qui a renforcé cette superposition du sacré et du religieux ? Comment l’arabo-musulman pourrait tracer les lignes du sacré et ses limites alors qu’il ignore ce qu’il est ? / Cinema was born in a secular world where man tried to evolve through the machine. The origin of the 7th art is not connected with religious or ceremonial practices like painting or theater. The cinema is not the result of religious expression, yet the sacred has ceased to appear in many forms. Robert Bresson was able, in his films, sanctify the daily life of any man, constructing the space piece by piece. In the works of Tarkovsky, the sacred is taking shape thanks to the evolution of the character, which exceeds gradually. However, in Tunisian cinema, the sacred is essentially related to religion. Whether in films Nacer Khemir, Nouri Bouzid or Ridha Behi of the sacred is built on a vertical axis. This is a sacred that is defined - mainly - due to the relationship between man and his God. Is it then the Islamization of film policy in Arab countries reinforced this superposition of sacred and religious? How the Arab-Muslim could trace the lines of the sacred and its limits as he know what he is?

This thesis deals with children's concepts of food, especially with a focus on meat consumption and avoidance of consumption. It is an ethnographic study based on observations and interviews with children of the 4th grade of elementary school. The results are divided into four aspects of eating. The social aspect (1) deals with the sharing of food and with the social identity, the health aspect (2) examines children's concepts of the food's healthiness, the moral aspect (3) maps children's ethical considerations of meat consumption including legitimation and the cognitive aspect (4) discusses the cognitive issues of eating. KEYWORDS Alimentery taboo, vegetarianism, consumption and avoidance of meat, ethics, legitimation

No description available.

Esta dissertação se propõe a problematizar as representações de tabu da sociedade brasileira, apresentadas na série de documentários Tabu Brasil, produzidos sob o viés do olhar da National Geographic Society. A hipótese que norteia este estudo é de que as representações de tabu na série focal, para além da mera exposição de casos, acabam marginalizando outros saberes e culturas, a partir de uma perspectiva situada e defendida por grupos hegemônicos no ocidente. A fundamentação teórica para esta análise apresenta como suporte principal os estudos discursivos de teóricos como Pechêux (1975, 1988, 1999), Foucault (1971, 1984, 1977) e Deleuze (1992), cujos conceitos de formação discursiva, sociedade disciplinar, relações entre poder, saber e verdade e de sociedade de controle serviram de base para a discussão. A análise versa sobre o imaginário construído em torno da questão de tabu, relativo à sociedade brasileira, a partir do ponto de vista dos produtores dos documentários, vislumbrando uma possível estereotipização e/ou um silenciamento para questões mais fundamentais na sociedade ocidental. O trabalho está organizado em três capítulos que investigam a construção dos documentários feitos para a TV, sua importância e condições de produção. Por meio das imagens, dos dizeres do narrador em off, e dos sujeitos representados, cujas identidades supostamente constituem um tabu, observa-se que as representações oferecem ao público uma visão parcial de um outro subalterno, sob o ponto de vista do grupo hegemônico. Ao mesmo tempo, imagens e texto fortalecem a representação de tabu, sugerindo a existência de uma sociedade ideal, diferente da retratada, revelando, a partir de nossa discussão, uma preocupação com possíveis abalos à gestão da sociedade de controle. / This dissertation aims to discuss the representations of taboo in the Brazilian society. Originally presented in the documentary TV series Tabu Brasil, it was produced by the National Geographic Society. The hypothesis postulates that representations of taboo in the target series, apart from mere case exposures, end up marginalizing other knowledges and cultures, from a perspective situated and advocated by Western hegemonic groups. The theoretical basis for this analysis is mainly grounded in discursive studies of theoreticians such as Pechêux (1975, 1988, 1999), Foucault (1971, 1984, 1977) and Deleuze (1992), whose concepts of discursive formation, disciplinary society, relations of knowledge, power and truth, and of society of control were the basis of the discussion. The analysis problematizes the constructed imaginary of taboo, as it relates to Brazilian social issues, based on the documentary producers point of view. The perception is of the stereotyping and/or silencing of more fundamental matters in Western society. The work is divided into three chapters that examine the production of TV documentaries, their relevance and conditions of production. Through the images, the speech of the narrator and the subjects whose identities are supposedly considered as a taboo, we can observe that the representations offer the public a partial view of a subaltern other, through the point of view of the hegemonic group. At the same time, images and text reinforce the representations of taboo, suggesting the existence of an ideal society, different from the depicted one, revealing, from our discussion, a concern with possible disruptions to the management of the society of control.

In many societies there is a stigma surrounding menstruation. It is often perpetuated through representations in advertisements as well as lack of open discussions. This thesis investigates ways that people are presenting menstruation on the social media platform Instagram and concludes that this is a space which allows the normative menstruation discourse to be challenged. Instagram is a widely used app that allows users to interact with others through sharing photos and has the potential to be a space for empowerment and challenging dominant ideologies. Publicly accessible photos were collected from the app using hashtags related to menstruation and menstrual activism, as well as menstrual activist accounts and menstrual product accounts. The results of a qualitative content analysis reveal numerous themes which challenge or reinforce the stigmas: Empowerment, Solidarity, Resistance, Normalizing Periods, Women’s Health, Standard/Normative, Eco-Friendly and Marketing.