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No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) thatiane_aparecida_evangelista.pdf: 8873850 bytes, checksum: 463ebcb9203efdde8e7dcd55c92e226a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Thaumastocoris peregrinus foi detectado no Brasil em 2008 e se disseminou pelos plantios florestais brasileiros de tal forma que, rapidamente, atingiu o n?vel de dano econ?mico e causou muitos preju?zos aos produtores. Por n?o haver nenhum m?todo de controle definido, utilizaram-se de pulveriza??es com inseticidas qu?micos para o controle desse inseto. No entanto, devido ao processo de certifica??o florestal, esse m?todo de controle foi rapidamente proibido. Assim, o controle biol?gico tem sido apontado como o mais adequado ao controle at? que se consiga gen?tipos resistentes. O uso de fungos entomopatog?nicos ? apontado como uma das melhores maneiras de controle do percevejo bronzeado devido o seu baixo impacto ambiental, dentre outras vantagens. Logo, objetivou-se selecionar isolados de Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea, Isaria farinosa e Beauveria bassiana com potencial para o controle dessa praga. Em condi??es controladas testaram-se diferentes concentra??es (controle, 104, 106 e 108 esporos por ml) em indiv?duos adultos de T. peregrinus, em cinco repeti??es. Os indiv?duos foram mantidos em placas de Petri sobre partes de folhas (4 cm de di?metro) previamente inoculadas com a suspens?o de esporos. Os tratamentos foram avaliados diariamente quanto a mortalidade e os dados submetidos ? an?lise estat?stica. Considerou-se patog?nico o isolado cujo percentual de mortalidade sobre T. peregrinus foi igual ou superior a 80%. Na maior concentra??o todos os isolados de B. bassiana registraram mortalidade superior a 85%. No entanto, pelos testes de m?dia, alguns isolados se destacaram, tais como IBCB63 de Beauveria bassiana, IBCB159 de Metarhizium anisopliae, IBCB130 de Isaria fumosorosea e CG195 de Isaria farinosa. Assim constatou-se que, em laborat?rio, ? poss?vel o controle eficaz dessa praga por meio do uso de fungos entomopatog?nicos e que existem diferentes isolados, dentre as esp?cies testadas, com potencial de uso. Essa diversidade de isolados aptos ao controle ? importante devido ao processo de sele??o natural que leva ao aparecimento de insetos resistentes. Em um futuro uso, esses isolados poder?o ser intercalados e inibir ou retardar a ocorr?ncia desses indiv?duos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / Thaumastocoris peregrinus was detected in Brazil in 2008 and spread by Brazilian forest plantations such a way that quickly reached the level of economic damage and caused many losses to producers. Because there is no defined control method, pulverizations with chemical insecticides were used to control this insect. However, due to the forest certification process, this method of control was quickly banned. Thus, biological control has been touted as the most suitable control method, until the identification of resistant genotypes. The use of entomopathogenic fungi is considered one of the best ways to control the bronze bug due to its low environmental impact, among other advantages. Therefore, this study aimed to select isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea, Isaria farinosa and Beauveria bassiana with potential to control this pest. Under controlled conditions, different concentrations were tested (control, 104, 106 and 108 spores per ml) in adults of T. peregrinus in five replicates. The individuals were kept on Petri dishes over parts of leaves (diameter 4 cm) that were previously inoculated with the spore suspension. The treatments were evaluated daily for mortality and the data analyzed statistically. The isolate whose mortality percentage of T. peregrinus was equal or higher than 80% was considered pathogenic. At higher concentration, all the isolates of B. bassiana reported mortalities greater than 85%. However, the mean tests demonstrated that some isolates stood out, such as IBCB63 of Beauveria bassiana, IBCB159 of Metarhizium anisopliae, IBCB130 of Isaria fumosorosea and CG195 of Isaria farinosa. It was found that in laboratorial conditions, it is possible to control effectively this pest through the use of entomopathogenic fungi, and that there are different isolates with potential use among the species tested. This diversity of isolates able to the control it is important because of the natural selection process that leads to the onset of resistant insects. In a further use, these isolates can be interleaved and inhibit or delay the occurrence of these individuals.

The Canadian mining industry is a multi-billion-dollar effort and one of Canada’s largest industrial sectors, creating jobs and security across the country. Certain practices employed within the industry have led to great developments, while increasing productivity and reducing costs. One such practice is the use of nitrogen-based explosives, which have serious environmental repercussions, namely the introduction of large quantities of ammonia into the ecosystem through means of complex blends of wastewaters also containing various metals. These explosive impacted mining wastewaters (EIMWW), must be treated before being introduced into natural waterways as ammonia pose several threats to the environment including the depletion of dissolved oxygen as well as acute toxicity for fish. Newterra, a provider of modular treatment solutions for water, wastewater and groundwater, requested an assessment of the feasibility of a brine-based ion exchange (IE) system for the removal of ammonia from EIMWW, that would be simple to operate and could be deployed in remote areas. The following thesis consists of an evaluation of several IE materials, to determine the feasibility of an IE system for the treatment of real EIMWW. Potassium and calcium were determined to be the problematic ions present in the EIMWW, potentially leading to competitive adsorption issues. This was accomplished by comparing batch IE isotherms for five different IE materials; one natural zeolite (clinoptilolite), one modified clinoptilolite (Resintech SIR-600), and three synthetic resins (Purolite SSTC60, Amberlite IR120 Na and Bojie BC121 H) using both a synthetic single-solute ammonia wastewater and real EIMWW with a total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration of 3.87 meq TAN/L (~70 mg/L). The three synthetic resins produced the largest reductions in capacities from the effects of competition and featured the following exchange capacities when treating EIMWW: 0.24±0.03, 0.25±0.01 and 0.22±0.001 meq TAN/g for the Purolite, Amberlite and Bojie resins respectively. These were respective reductions of 87±0.96, 86±0.80 and 87±0.03 % compared to their single-solute TAN solution capacities. The two zeolites featured higher multi-component exchange capacities; 0.32±0.04 meq TAN/g for the clinoptilolite and 0.42±0.01 meq TAN/g for the SIR-600. Furthermore, calcium was found to pose minimal competitive effects and potassium was responsible for the most capacity reduction. Batch regeneration experiments with the clinoptilolite and SIR-600 were undertaken to evaluate the long-term performance of both materials. These consisted of IE isotherms with the EIMWW followed by material regeneration with various regenerants including a 2.5 % KCl/2.5 % NaCl, a 5 % KCl, and a 2.5, 5 and 10 % NaCl solution. Ultimately, the 5 % and 10 % NaCl solutions were the only regenerants to result in an increase of capacity with the 10 % solution featuring higher capacities for both materials. After four exchange/regeneration cycles using a 10 % NaCl brine, the clinoptilolite produced the following capacities: 0.16±0.01 meq Ca2+/g, 0.39±0.06 meq K+/g and 0.34±0.02 meq TAN/g. For the same conditions the Resintech SIR-600 resulted in the following capacities: 0.12±0.01 meq Ca2+/g, 0.52±0.01 meq K+/g and 0.46±0.00 meq TAN/g. Based on the higher TAN exchange performance, column studies were performed with the Resintech SIR-600 to validate the material’s performance using a more realistic mode of operation similar to real world applications. This was accomplished by comparing the capacities of the material using both a single solute TAN wastewater as well as the EIMWW and a breakthrough concentration criterion of 0.55 meq TAN/L (~10 mg/L). The EIMWW featured breakthrough after only 50 bed volumes, comparatively to the synthetic TAN solution where breakthrough occurred after 274 bed volumes, indicating that competition played a significant role in the performance of the system.

The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent skeptical attitudes towards the European Union is driven by materialistic-, postmaterialist values and populism in different parts of Europe. To achieve this aim, the study is based on multivariate regression analysis with data utilized from the European Social survey 2014. The findings show that cultural questions associated with TAN values, such as a nationalistic resistance towards immigration, have the best ability to predict EU-skepticism over economic questions related with a subjective placement on the political left-right scale, or populism associated with a lack of trust in the state of political governance. These findings suggest that the subjective left-right scale do not structure attitudes toward the European Union to a great extent. Instead, the results of this study are in line with scholars that argue that the TAN-GAL scale as well as populism have grown in importance, as these axes of competition are both more linked with opinions on EU. These results hold for all regions in Europe that are examined in this study, although particular strong effects are found in Germany, where populism and TAN values shape attitudes towards EU to the greatest extent.

The TaSiO6 films, ~8Å thick, were formed by sputter deposition of Ta onto ultrathin SiO2 substrates at 300 K, followed by annealing to 600 K in 2 torr O2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements of the films yielded a Si(2p) binding energy at 102.1 eV and Ta(4f7/2) binding energy at 26.2 eV, indicative of Ta silicate formation. O(1s) spectra indicate that the film is substantially hydroxylated. Annealing the film to > 900 K in UHV resulted in silicate decomposition to SiO2 and Ta2O5. The Ta silicate film is stable in air at 300K. XPS data show that sputter-deposited Cu (300 K) displays conformal growth on Ta silicate surface (TaSiO6) but 3-D growth on the annealed and decomposed silicate surface. Initial Cu/silicate interaction involves Cu charge donation to Ta surface sites, with Cu(I) formation and Ta reduction. The results are similar to those previously reported for air-exposed TaSiN, and indicate that Si-modified Ta barriers should maintain Cu wettability under oxidizing conditions for Cu interconnect applications. XPS has been used to study the reaction of tert-butylimino tris(diethylamino) tantalum (TBTDET) with atomic hydrogen on SiO2 and organosilicate glass (OSG) substrates. The results on both substrates indicate that at 300K, TBTDET partially dissociates, forming Ta-O bonds with some precursor still attached. Subsequent bombardment with atomic hydrogen at 500K results in stoichiometric TaN formation, with a Ta(4f7/2) feature at binding energy 23.2 eV and N(1s) at 396.6 eV, leading to a TaN phase bonded to the substrate by Ta-O interactions. Subsequent depositions of the precursor on the reacted layer on SiO2 and OSG, followed by atomic hydrogen bombardment, result in increased TaN formation. These results indicate that TBTDET and atomic hydrogen may form the basis for a low temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for the formation of ultraconformal TaNx or Ru/TaNx barriers. The interactions of sputter-deposited ruthenium with OSG at 300 K have been studied by XPS for Ru coverages from ~ 0.1 monolayer to several monolayers, using in-situ sample transfer between the deposition and analysis chambers. The results indicate Stranski-Krastanov (SK) type growth, with the completion of the first layer of Ru at an average thickness corresponding to 1 monolayer average coverage. Ru(0) is the only electronic state present. XPS core level spectra indicate weak chemical interactions between Ru and the substrate. A less pronounced tendency towards SK growth was observed for Ru deposition on parylene. Deposition of Ru on OSG followed by electroless deposition of Cu resulted in the formation of a shiny copper film that failed the Scotch® tape test. Results indicate failure mainly at the Ru/OSG interface.

This project examines the connection between the representations of Chinese American women and the Orientalist discourse, as depicted in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club. Using a deconstructive and intersectional approach, the project focuses on four interconnected constituents that regulate the novel’s main structural and thematic elements: Narrative Structure; Mother-Daughter Relationships; Language, Writing and Identity; and Feminist Affirmations. The project’s aim is to understand the logic of the novel’s representation by juxtaposing and analyzing the contrasting arguments within each of the sections. Though somewhat inconclusive, this project addresses the ambiguity of Tan’s work in hopes of expanding the critical understanding of the novel.

As the impact of pictures in everyday life and literature is increasing, so is the importance of visual literacy skills. This essay combines theories of visual literacy, pictorial metaphor, image analysis and environmentalism to analyse visual literacy in relation to how Shaun Tan’s pictures create metaphorical ideas related to the environment in Tales from Outer Suburbia. Three pictures from the picture book were analysed for this purpose. The pictures are part of the short stories named “alert but not alarmed”, “no other country”, and “grandpa’s story.” Furthermore, this essay discusses how visual literacy can support students’ English language learning. The analysis found that analysing Tan’s use of symbols and icons in combination with the emotional effect of picture elements reveal several pictorial metaphors related to the environment. The pictorial metaphors reflect humankind’s relationship to nature. This essay concludes that visual literacy skills are necessary to identify pictorial metaphors and that analysing pictures supports students’ visual literacy skills and English language learning.

La plasticité phénotypique est la capacité d’un génotype donné à produire différents phénotypes en réponse à différents environnements tels que la température, la nutrition ou encore la présence de prédateurs. Ce phénomène permet aux individus de s’adapter à des environnements fluctuants. Il peut également faciliter l’évolution en élargissant la gamme de phénotypes produits par un génotype. Comme modèle de plasticité phénotypique, nous étudions la pigmentation abdominale chez les femelles Drosophila melanogaster. En effet, ce caractère est sensible à la température : les femelles drosophiles sont plus pigmentées lorsqu’elles se développent à basse température, particulièrement dans les segments abdominaux postérieurs. Les études précédentes du laboratoire ont montré que le gène tan (t), codant une enzyme de pigmentation, est beaucoup plus fortement exprimé à 18°C qu'à 29°C. Par ailleurs, ce gène joue un rôle essentiel dans la plasticité phénotypique de la pigmentation abdominale des femelles Drosophila melanogaster. Au cours de ma thèse, je me suis intéressée à la caractérisation du réseau de gènes impliqué dans la régulation de l’expression de t dans l’épiderme abdominal des femelles Drosophila melanogaster. J'ai également cherché à identifier, dans ce réseau, les acteurs pouvant médier l'effet de la température sur l'expression de t. A l'aide d'une approche gène candidat, j'ai montré que les facteurs de transcription Bric-à-Brac (Bab) et Abdominal-B (Abd-B) intervenaient dans la plasticité phénotypique de la pigmentation abdominale en régulant notamment t. De plus, j'ai réalisé un crible génétique ciblant 573 gènes codant des facteurs de transcription et des régulateurs de la chromatine afin d'identifier de nouveaux régulateurs de t. A l'issue de ce crible, j'ai obtenu une liste de 27 gènes impliqués dans cette régulation. J'ai ensuite commencé la caractérisation fonctionnelle de deux de ces candidats : forkhead box subgroup O (foxo) codant un facteur de transcription impliqué dans la voie de réponse à l'insuline et little imaginal discs (lid) codant une histone déméthylase. / Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a given genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to different environmental factors such as temperature, nutrition or presence of predators. This phenomenon allows the adaptation of individuals to their fluctuating environments. It can also facilitate evolution, as it broadens the range of phenotypes produced by a given genotype. As a model of phenotypic plasticity, we study the abdominal pigmentation in Drosophila melanogaster females. Indeed, this trait is temperature-sensitive: drosophila females are darker when they develop at lower temperatures particularly in the posterior segments. In the laboratory, it has been previously shown, that tan (t), a gene encoding a pigmentation enzyme, is more expressed at 18°C than at 29°C. Moreover, this gene plays an essential role in the phenotypic plasticity of abdominal pigmentation in Drosophila melanogaster females. During my thesis, I aimed to characterize the gene regulatory network involved in t regulation in the abdominal epidermis of Drosophila melanogaster females. I also tried to identify, in this network, the actors mediating the effect of temperature on t expression. Using a candidate gene approach, I showed that the transcription factors Bric-à-brac (Bab) and Abdominal-B (Abd-B) are involved in the phenotypic plasticity of abdominal pigmentation by regulating t. Furthermore, I performed a genetic screen targeting 573 genes encoding transcription factors and chromatin regulators to identify new regulators of t. At the end of this screen, I obtained a list of 27 genes involved in this regulation. I then started the functional characterization of two of these candidates: forkhead box subgroup O (foxo) encoding a transcription factor involved in the insulin response pathway and little imaginal discs (lid) encoding a histone demethylase.

The thermoelectric properties of bismuth telluride based thermoelectric (TE) materials are well-characterized, but comparatively little has been published on the thermomechanical properties. In this paper, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry data for bismuth telluride based TE materials is presented. The TE materials' tan delta values, indicative of viscoelastic energy dissipation modes, approached that of glassy or crystalline polymers, were greater than ten times the tan delta of structural metals, and reflected the anisotropic nature of TE materials. DMA thermal scans showed changes in mechanical properties versus temperature with clear hysteresis effects. These results showed that the application of DMA techniques are useful for evaluation of thermophysical and thermomechanical properties of these TE materials.

A semi-systematic literature review of research carried out on the evolution of the concept of Euroscepticism since the term first was reportedly used in 1986 with special focus on articles published around the year before the 2019 European Parliament elections and to this date. The thesis was conducted with a particular interest in gathering more knowledge on using an evidence-based method in political science. The purpose was twofold, therefore: one to see how the concept itself has evolved in research, in terms of definition and salience as well as in terms of measuring and explanatory factors, and the other to see if the method used is appropriate to this purpose. From the data gathered, it can be said that the method is pertinent and relevant when assembling research from a widespread and multifaceted area in terms of geography and content, since it is meant to avoid the pitfalls of ‘picking and choosing’ data. The articles thus uncovered have shown that there is a red thread in research on Euroscepticism, that its context has changed and therefore its content, and that Euroscepticism 2020 is a salient issue.

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