Primers for 10 polymorphic DNA microsatellite loci were developed and characterized for the endangered oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis from the Clinch River, TN. Microsatellite loci also were amplified for individuals collected from the following additional populations or species: (1) E. capsaeformis from Duck River, TN; (2) E. florentina walkeri from Indian Creek, upper Clinch River, VA; (3) E. florentina walkeri from Big South Fork Cumberland River, TN; and (4) E. torulosa rangiana from Allegheny River, PA. Allelic diversity ranged from 9-20 alleles/locus, and averaged 13.6/locus for all 5 populations investigated. Average expected heterozygosity (HE) per locus ranged from 0.78-0.92, and averaged 0.86. A genetic characterization of extant populations of E. capsaeformis and E. florentina walkeri was conducted to assess taxonomic validity and to resolve conservation issues related to recovery planning. These mussel species exhibit pronounced phenotypic variation, and are difficult to characterize phylogenetically using DNA sequences. Monophyletic lineages, congruent with phenotypic variation among species, were obtained only after extensive analysis of combined mitochondrial (1378 bp of 16S, cytochrome-b, ND1) and nuclear (515 bp of ITS-1) DNA sequences. In contrast, analysis of variation at 10 hyper variable DNA microsatellite loci showed moderate to highly divergent populations based on FST values, which ranged from 0.12-0.39. Quantitative genetic variation was observed in fish host specificity, with transformation success of glochidia of E. capsaeformis significantly greater (p<0.05) on the greenside darter Etheostoma blennioides, and that of E. f. walkeri significantly greater (p<0.05) on the fantail darter E. flabellare. Lengths of glochidia differed significantly (p<0.001) between species, with sizes ranging from 241-272 μm. Underwater photographs of mantle-pads and micro-lures of female mussels documented fixed phenotypic variation between species. The texture and color of the mantle-pad of E. capsaeformis is smooth and bluish-white, while that of E. f. walkeri is pustuled and brown, with tan mottling. Based on extensive molecular, morphological, and life history data, a population of E. capsaeformis from the Duck River, TN is described and proposed as a separate species, and a population of E. f. walkeri from the upper Clinch River, VA is described and proposed as a separate subspecies. Genetic management guidelines were developed to assess taxonomic status, genetic variation of donor-recipient populations targeted for augmentation, and field and laboratory protocols to maximize genetically effective population size, minimize genetic changes in captive-reared progeny, and prevent the release of juvenile mussels into non-native drainages. A pragmatic approach to species recovery is advocated; one that incorporates the principles of conservation genetics into breeding programs, but prioritizes the immediate demographic needs of critically endangered mussel species. / Master of Science

Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det finns skillnader i den politisk kommunikationen på digitala plattformar beroende på vilken målgrupp kommunikationen riktar sig till samt analysera hur dessa skillnader utspelar sig. Målet är att ge en djupare förståelse för hur politisk kommunikation är anpassad till olika målgrupper och hur strategier och budskap är utformade för att nå och engagera väljare i olika åldersgrupper. Forskningsfrågan som ska besvaras är: Hur anpassar politiska partier sin kommunikation på digitala plattformar för att nå sin målgrupp? Huvudmaterialet består i första hand av primärkällor, men även sekundära källor förekommer. Till de primära källorna hör bland annat Instagraminlägg från Moderaterna (MUF) och Socialdemokraternas Ungdomsförbunds (SSU) sidor samt Facebookinlägg från Moderaterna (M) och Socialdemokraternas (S) officiella sidor. De sekundära källorna består huvudsakligen av tidigare forskning och artiklar. Studiens teoretiska ramverk bygger på Gunnar Sjöbloms teorier om de tre politiska arenorna och Jürgen Habermas teorier om det offentliga samtalet och det fria ordet, metoden som används är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Slutsatserna visar bland annat att ungdomsförbund, som riktar sig till en yngre målgrupp, tenderar att ha en mer informell och humoristisk ton medans de officiella partierna, som riktar sig till en äldre målgrupp, tenderar att kommunicera mer objektivt och formellt. / The purpose of the study is to investigate whether there are differences in political communication on digital platforms depending on which target group the communication is aimed at and to analyze how these differences play out. The goal is to provide a deeper understanding of how political communication is adapted for different target groups and how strategies and messages are designed to reach and engage voters in different demographic groups. The research question to be answered is: How do political parties adapt their communication on digital platforms to reach their target group? The main material consists primarily of primary sources, but secondary sources also occur. The primary sources include, among other things, Instagram posts from the pages of the Moderate Youth Union (MUF) and the Social Democrats Youth Union (SSU), as well as Facebook posts from the official pages of the Moderates (M) and the Social Democrats (S). The secondary sources mainly consist of previous research and articles. The study's theoretical framework is based on Gunnar Sjöblom's theories about the three political arenas and Jürgen Habermas theories about the public sphere and free speech, the method used is a qualitative content analysis. The conclusions show, among other things, that youth associations, which are aimed at a younge target group, tend to have a more informal and humorous tone, while the official parties, which are aimed at an older target group, tend to communicate more objectively and formally.

本篇論文試圖以列維納斯之倫理哲學、傅科和薩依德的觀點來分析、討論譚恩美的小說《百種神秘感》。小說透過兩種敘述的並置，描繪同父異母兩姊妹—中國出生的李關與美國長大的葉奧莉薇—之間的關係，以及一趟迷人的穿越時空之旅。譚恩美藉由這故事傳達她對倫理議題中「他者」的關懷。由於西方哲學及認識論傳統自柏拉圖以降便將「我思」的想法視為靈魂與自我的對話，認為一切真理皆在自身之中。在這樣的思想體系架構下，「他者」被視為暫時脫離但最終將被「同一」（「自我」）給同化的客體。易言之，「他者」的「他性」（或「無限性」）在「同一」的「整體」之中是可被壓制、吸納。大體而言，西方哲學其實是一門有關自戀的「同一」、而非有關真正「他者」的知識。 正是在這樣的哲學背景之下，《百種神秘感》探索許多知識所蘊含有關「整體」的論述暴力，比如心理學、西方醫藥論述及歷史學。同樣地，小說也批判了許多跨文化關係當中所表現出的「整體」暴力。在小說中，西方人透過東方主義式的觀點看待非西方人及他者的文化，並建構出一系列簡化的二元對立概念—西方與東方、文明與野蠻、自我與他者等。列維納斯反對這種不公平且充滿暴力的西方哲學傳統，是以他提出了肯定「他者」之「他性」的倫理哲學。在倫理關係中「自我」與「他者」兩者和平共存；兩者之間有關係但各自獨立。「自我」的主體性因「他者」的存在而建立，因而是為「他者」服務的。在倫理關係中「自我」對「他者」負有責任。藉由列維納斯、傅科和薩依德的觀點，本論文將探討《百種神秘感》中人際關係與文化交流間的他者倫理意涵。 / This thesis aims to investigate Amy Tan’s The Hundred Secret Senses in terms of Emmanuel Levinas’s ethical philosophy, Michel Foucault’s discursive theory and Edward Said’s observations about Orientalism. Through the use of juxtaposition of two narratives, the novel depicts the relationship between two half sisters, Chinese-born Kwan Li and Chinese American Olivia Yee, and a fascinating journey through time and space. By telling this amazing story, Tan expresses her serious concern for ethical issue of the Other. Western philosophy and epistemology have a tradition of totalizing thought. Plato regarded the “I think” thought as the dialogue of the soul with itself; truth was said to inhabit the soul. In western philosophical tradition, the Other is viewed as something that is temporarily separate from the Same (the Self) but is ultimately reconcilable with the Same. In other words, the otherness of the Other is assimilated and oppressed within the totality of the Same. Hence western philosophy is a knowledge about the narcissistic Same, rather than about genuine Other. The Hundred Secret Senses explores the discursive violence of totality in various knowledges such as psychology, medicine, and history. Likewise, the novel also depicts the violence of totality in intercultural relationships. The westerners in the novel tend to view non-westerners and their culture in an Orientalist way, in which a series of constructed opposites are adopted—West/Orient; Civilized/Barbaric; We/They. Against this violent and unjust tradition in western philosophy, Levinas advocates an ethical philosophy, in which the Other is affirmed in his otherness. In the Levinasian ethical relationship, the Self and the Other are viewed as separate but connected terms; neither is assimilated into or confused with the other. Ethical relationship is the coexistence of Totality and Infinity (otherness). Subjectivity of the Self is awakened by the presence of the Other; hence its essence is for the Other. In ethical relationship the Self has responsibility for the Other. Through the perspectives of Levinas, Foucault and Said, the thesis will also scrutinize the ethical meaning of interpersonal relations and cultural exchanges in The Hundred Secret Senses.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia de Carvalho Monteiro.pdf: 932655 bytes, checksum: 461ce0c9497d2864e3b6c289eadbeefc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Objective: To investigate the cost x effectiveness of five newborn hearing screening (NHS) protocols in a public hospital in São Paulo. Methods: Clinical outcomes from 2060 newborns, screened during a nine months period, using a protocol of NHS with Transient Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) and Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR). It was possible to analyze five protocols for cost and effectiveness. Protocol 1: UNHS with TEOAE in two stages; protocol 2: UNHS with TEOAE in the first stage, AABR in the second stage; protocol 3: UNHS - neonates without Risk Factors were screened with TEOAE in the first stage and AABR in second stage. Neonates with risk factors were screened only with AABR; protocol 4: Selective NHS (SNHS) - using TEOAE in a combination with AABR in two stages; protocol 5: SNHS - with AABR in two stages. All newborns who referred before discharge should return in 15 days for re-screen. The effectiveness of the protocols was evaluated by the indicators of quality of Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (2007) and the cost was estimated by the proposal of the National Center for Hearing Assessment and Management (2003). Results: The results were presented regarding the percentage of newborns screened, newborns referred for diagnosis and the cost per newborn screened. We found the following results: protocol 1: 92% of newborns screened, 2.1% of newborns referred for diagnosis and cost of $7.53; protocol 2: 88% of newborns screened, 0.5% of newborns referred for diagnosis and cost of $8.9; protocol 3: 86% of newborns screened, 0.6% of newborns referred for diagnosis and cost of $9.16; protocol 4: 71% of newborns screened, 7.3% of newborns referred for diagnosis and cost of $61.1; protocol 5: 71% of newborns screened, 2% of newborns referred for diagnosis and cost of $56.1. Conclusion: The protocol 3 was considered the better for cost and effectiveness in order to identify cochlear hearing loss for newborns without risk factors, and cochlear and retrocochlear hearing loss for neonates with risk factors / Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever as relações de custo x efetividade para cinco protocolos de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal (TAN), no ano de sua implementação em uma maternidade de São Paulo. Método: Durante o período de nove meses, nasceram 2060 neonatos, os quais realizaram um protocolo padrão de TAN com uso de Emissões Otoacústicas por Estímulo Transiente (EOAT) e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico Automático (PEATE-A). Este protocolo propiciou o estudo de cinco protocolos para análise de custo e efetividade. Protocolo 1: TANU com o uso de EOAT em duas etapas; Protocolo 2: TANU com uso de EOAT na primeira etapa, PEATE-A na segunda etapa, ainda antes da alta.; Protocolo 3: TANU - neonatos sem Indicador de Risco para Perda Auditiva foi utilizada a EOAT na primeira etapa e PEATE-A ainda antes da alta para os que falharam. Para os neonatos com indicadores de risco foi utilizado o PEATE-A em duas etapas; Protocolo 4: TAN Seletiva (TANS) - com o uso de EOAT e PEATE-A combinados em duas etapas; Protocolo 5: TANS - com o uso de PEATE-A em duas etapas. Todos os neonatos que falharam no retorno foram encaminhados para diagnóstico. A efetividade dos protocolos foi avaliada pelos indicadores de qualidade do Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (2007) e o custo foi estimado por meio da proposta do National Center of Hearing Assesment and Management (2003). Resultados: Os resultados foram apresentados em relação à porcentagem de neonatos triados, neonatos encaminhados para diagnóstico e respectivo custo por neonato triado. Foram encontrados os seguintes resultados: protocolo 1: 92% de neonatos triados, 2,1% de neonatos encaminhados para diagnóstico e custo de R$13,56; protocolo 2: 88% de neonatos triados, 0,5% de neonatos encaminhados para diagnóstico e custo de R$ 16; protocolo 3: 86% de neonatos triados, 0,6% de neonatos encaminhados para diagnóstico e custo de R$16,43; protocolo 4: 71% de neonatos triados, 7,3% de neonatos encaminhados para diagnóstico e custo de R$110; protocolo 5: 71% de neonatos triados, 2% de neonatos encaminhados para diagnóstico e custo de R$101. Conclusões: Concluiu-se que o melhor protocolo na relação custo x efetividade foi o Protocolo 3, com utilização de EOAT para neonatos sem indicadores de risco, PEATEA no caso de falha antes da alta hospitalar, e apenas o PEATE-A para crianças com indicadores de risco, na TANU

美國華裔作家譚艾美的第一本小說「喜福會」,1989年出版後立即名列紐 約、舊金山、洛杉磯的暢銷排行榜,這本小說主要敘述四位中國母親及她 們四個美國出生的女兒的故事。由於譚艾美本身是美國出生的中國女兒, 由她詮釋華裔美國女兒自然具有說服力。然而,誠如林艾美所問的:「一個 在美國長大旳華裔美人,能夠知道什麼是中國女性嗎?」林艾美的疑問是引 發這篇論文的主要動機。小說中的四位中國母親,宿願(Suyuan),安美 (An-mei), 靈多 (Lindo),以及瑩影(Ying-Ying)都是在1949年中國內戰 末期從中國移民到美國的,由於宿願在美國重組其麻將俱樂部: 喜福會, 使得這四位中國母親得以相聚相識,在這俱樂部中打麻將並互相述說她們 在中國的經歷,以及在美生活的點點滴滴。透過故事的敘述,這四位中國母 親的性格逐漸從其扮演的角色: 女兒、母親、妻子、及朋友中顯露出來。 這篇論文的第一、二、三、四章,將分別討論分析宿願、安美、靈多、及 瑩影的性格,首先簡述個人的生平經歷,再就其生命中所扮演的角色個別分 析其性格特點。第五章則比較四位母親性格中的異同。孰為典型之中國母 親?孰為非典型?作為文學創作之產物,她們是否成功?她們在這本小說中的 功能為何?作者對這四個角色所採取的態度有何不同?這些問題都將在第五 章探討。四位中國母親性格之分析比較,只是這本小說所能探討的諸多問 題之一 ,惟願在女性主義、婚姻問題、母女關係等之觀點外,提供另一審 查之角度。 / Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club was published and hit the best-seller lists in New York, San Francisco and L.A. in 1989. This novel deals with the stories of four Chinese mothers and their four American-born daughters. Due to her American -born-Chinese identity Amy Tan is qualified to present American- born-Chinese daughters convincingly. What triggers the study of this thesis is a question provided by a critic. Amy Ling doubts: Can a Chinese American growing up in America ever know what is Chinese? Before answering this question, another critic's viewpoint reinforces the motivation of this investigation. Carole Angiec remarks that the four Chinese mothers "are cleverly planned to cover every sort of Chinese woman's character and experience...." The main concern of this thesis is the image of the four Chinese mothers: are they typical Chinese female or not? To verify the four Chinese mothers' image, the focus of this thesis will be placed upon two parts: one is the respective analysis of the four Chinese mothers' characters; the other is general comparison between the four Chinese mothers and typical Chinese woman with respect to their identity and character traits.

L'étude de la vaporisation et de la décomposition thermique du PDMAT sous vide a été réalisée par spectrométrie de masse avec cellule d'effusion et cellules tandem respectivement. La conception et la validation du réacteur, spécifique à l'étude par spectrométrie de masse des molécules organométalliques très réactives au contact de l'air, réalisé au cours de cette thèse, sont exposées. En parallèle des premiers dépôts ALD de TaN à partir de PDMAT et NH3 ont été réalisés sur le réacteur ALD en cours d'optimisation et caractérisés par microscopie électronique et XPS. La confrontation de ces deux résultats permet de proposer des schémas de réactions se produisant lors du dépôt de TaN dans un réacteur ALD et de déterminer les propriétés structurales et thermodynamiques des molécules identifiées. Ces données sont utilisées dans différentes approches de modélisations thermodynamiques du procédé de croissance à partir de la phase gazeuse.

This paper introduces the results of a project initiated by Cantho University (CTU) on the introduction of micro-credits for addressing the environmental pollution in Vietnam’s craft villages. At Tan Phu Dong, a traditional rice powder production village in Sa Dec, Dong Thap, all wastes from domestic and production activities and animal husbandry were freely disposed into open water sources. This practice led to a negative impact on the local environment. With the financial support provided by the Bread for the World (BfdW), a micro-credit program was initiated in which farmers could borrow money to construct a biogas plant to treat animal husbandry and domestic wastes. In addition, the staff transferred biogas plant construction technology to the local masons and organized training courses on biogas plant operation and maintenance and biogas usage for the farmers and the local officials. 61 farmers borrowed money from the program to construct their biogas plants, followed by more than 250 farmers that constructed their biogas plants by their own finance after realizing the positive benefits of biogas plants. As result, the environmental pollution issue was solved step-by-step, thereby helping enhance the living conditions of the local community. / Bài báo này trình bày biện pháp sử dụng nguồn quỹ tín dụng nhỏ để các hộ dân cải thiện tình trạng ô nhiễm môi trường ở các làng nghề Việt Nam. Tại làng nghề làm bột Tân Phú Đông - Sa Đéc - Đồng Tháp, các loại chất thải sinh hoạt, chất thải sản xuất và chăn nuôi xả thải bừa bãi đã gây ô nhiễm môi trường nghiêm trọng. Với kinh phí tài trợ từ tổ chức Bánh mỳ cho thế giới (BfdW), các cán bộ trường Đại học Cần Thơ đã tổ chức cho người dân luân phiên vay vốn để xây dựng hầm ủ khí sinh học xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi và chất thải sinh hoạt. Bên cạnh đó còn tổ chức các lớp tập huấn chuyển giao công nghệ xây hầm ủ khí sinh học cho thợ xây địa phương, hướng dẫn vận hành và bảo dưỡng hầm ủ cho người dân và cán bộ địa phương. Thông qua nguồn vốn vay của dự án, có 61 hộ dân đã xây dựng hầm ủ khí sinh học và trên 250 hộ dân khác đã tự đầu tư xây dựng khi thấy được lợi ích của hầm ủ. Nhờ đó tình trạng ô nhiễm môi trường từng bước được giải quyết góp phần cải thiện điều kiện sống của người dân tại địa phương.

A cruise missile is a guided missile that uses a lifting wing and a jet propulsion system to allow sustained flight. Cruise missiles are, in essence, unmanned aircraft and they are generally designed to carry a large conventional or nuclear warhead many hundreds of miles with excellent accuracy. In this study, navigation and control studies on cruise missiles are performed. Due to the variety and complexity of the subsystems of the cruise missiles, the main concern is limited with the navigation system. Navigation system determines the position, velocity, attitude and time solutions of the missile. Therefore, it can be concluded that an accurate self-contained navigation system directly influences the success of the missile. In the study, modern radar data association algorithms are implemented as new Terrain Aided Navigation (TAN) algorithms which can be used with low-cost Inertial Measurement Units (IMU&rsquo / s). In order to perform the study, first a thorough survey of the literature on mid-course navigation of cruise missiles is performed. Then, study on modern radar data association algorithms and their implementations to TAN are done with simple simulations. At the case study part, a six degree of freedom (6 DOF) flight simulation tool is developed which includes the aerodynamic and dynamic model of the cruise missile model including error model of the navigation system. Finally, the performances of the designed navigation systems with the implemented TAN algorithms are examined in detail with the help of the simulations performed.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Two sets of recordings included, each in its own container. The first work is for string quartet; the second for bangdi, soprano sheng, yangqin, pipa, guzheng, erhu, gehu and percussion; the third for harmonica quintet, sheng, harp, piano and percussion. "Symphonic poem-Genesis" is for orchestra with piano and celesta. "Ghost opera" is for string quartet and pipa, with water, stones, paper and metal. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.