Esta pesquisa apresenta e discute a legislação concernente ao trabalho docente da rede estadual de ensino de São Paulo, no período de 1995 a 2014, com o objetivo de analisar o (s) tipo(s) de profissionalismo docente que se configura(m) por meio das normativas produzidas por parte do Executivo paulista. Objetiva-se mais especificamente caracterizar as alterações realizadas, pelos governos desse período, nos dispositivos referentes à situação funcional dos docentes do Estado de São Paulo, tomando como base as duas principais normativas que regem o seu trabalho: a Lei Complementar nº444/1985, que dispõe sobre o Estatuto do Magistério Paulista e a Lei Complementar nº 836/1997, que institui Plano de Carreira, Vencimentos e Salários para os integrantes do Quadro do Magistério da Secretaria da Educação. Pretende-se, assim, investigar a natureza e os elementos do profissionalismo docente presentes nos documentos e normativas produzidos pela administração estadual, levando-se em conta as justificativas e considerações dos governos para a criação ou alteração destas diretrizes. Tendo como referencial teórico nuclear os trabalhos de Sachs (2015), Normand (2015), Evans (2011) e Evetts (2009), esta pesquisa apoia-se em estudo bibliográfico e documental e se orienta pelas seguintes questões: Qual a atuação estatal na conformação do profissionalismo docente? Quais os elementos utilizados pelas diferentes gestões em vigor no período privilegiado aqui para tanto? Os dados apontam para dois processos que caracterizam a tentativa dos governos paulistas em moldar o profissionalismo docente, de forma que os professores se adequem às diretrizes do Estado: um, a curto prazo, de introdução de novos elementos, como a promoção na carreira com base em avaliação de desempenho, que tentam adequar a carreira e demais normativas aos princípios de uma administração específica e outro, a longo prazo, com mecanismos sendo introduzidos de forma gradual, como as políticas de bonificação, que acabam sendo adaptados ao longo do período mas que atuam na direção do Estado moldar o profissionalismo docente. Considera-se que a atuação estatal na legislação que rege a vida profissional dos docentes traz grandes desafios para a profissão docente, pois questiona os valores e conhecimentos da profissão em nome da adequação dos docentes e suas práticas às diretrizes governamentais, implementadas em nome de uma maior eficácia do sistema educacional paulista. / This research presents and discusses the legislation concerning the teacher work in the São Paulo States public system of education, in the period from 1995 to 2014, with the objective of analyzing the type(s) of teacher professionalism thats configured through the laws produced by the São Paulos Executive. More specifically, it aims to characterize the changes, made by the governments of that period, at the devices referring to the São Paulos teachers functional situation, taking as basis, the two main norms that rule their work: the Complementary Law nº444/1985, which inclines about the Statute of the Magisterium of São Paulos Public System of Education and the Complementary Law nº 836/1997, establishing Career Path, Salaries and Fees for the Board of the Magisterium of the Secretariat of Education members. Its intended, on this way, to analyze the nature and elements of teacher professionalism present in the documents and regulations produced by the state administration, taking into the justifications and considerations of governments for the creation or modification of these guidelines. Taking as nuclear theoretical reference works of Sachs (2015), Normand (2015) Evans (2011) and Evetts (2009), this research is supported by a bibliographical and documentary study and is guided by the following questions: What is the state\'s role in the conformation on teacher professionalism? What elements are used by the different administrations in force in the period privileged here for that? The data points to two processes that characterize the attempt of the São Paulo governments to shape teacher professionalism, in the way that the teachers suit to the guidelines of the State: one, in the short term, to introduce new elements, such as Career Promotion based on performance evaluation, who try to adapt the career and other regulations to the principles of a specific administration and another, a long-term, with mechanisms being introduced gradually, such as bonus policies, that ends up being adapted throughout the period but act in the direction of the State to mold the teacher professionalism. Its considered that the state action in the legislation that governs the teachers professional presents great challenges for the teaching profession, because puts in question the professions values and knowledge in the name of the teachers adequacy and their practices to the governmental guidelines, implemented in the name of greater effectiveness of the educational system of São Paulo.

Research supports the knowledge that there exist many models on and definitions of school readiness within early education. Additionally, research shows that utilizing developmentally appropriate practices (DAP) produces positive short and long term results for students; indicating the effectiveness and necessity for DAP in the classroom. The study sought to inform teachers via presentation on the subjects of school readiness and DAP; as well as gain insight on the barriers teachers face in utilizing their school readiness and DAP knowledge base in the classroom. To accomplish this, the study used a pre-survey, presentation with discussion, and a post-survey to collect information on teachers’ knowledge and beliefs, teachers’ levels of professionalism and autonomy, as well as gain insight on how useful the presentation was for teachers. Results show teachers gained information from the presentation but may be unable to use this information in the public setting. These results are based on direct feedback from teachers, as well as the effect size of teacher’s responses on ranking school readiness characteristics and DAP/DIP items before and after the presentation. Regarding what teachers know about these topics, results indicate variance on teachers’ ideas on school readiness. Responses were sorted into three themes; specific skills, different areas of development, and the importance of early experiences. Teachers also had, on average, an appropriate ranking of DAP/DIP teaching practices in the classroom, with scores that grew stronger for some teaching practices after the presentation. Additionally, multiple-choice questions on teacher autonomy and teacher professionalism show that most teachers feel they are treated as professionals and autonomous in their positions. However, despite these results, a discussion on barriers of implementing an appropriate model of school readiness as well as DAP portrayed a much different scenario with teachers in the public setting. In fact, this study found that teachers in the public setting are very much limited by administrators in their ability to utilize ideas, curriculum, and assessments they view as appropriate in the classroom. As such, future research should seek to reach the school administrators to gain insight on the basis of their decisions, as well as educate them on the research supporting successful learning in the early education classroom.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:10:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivo 1.pdf: 696611 bytes, checksum: c8536480c85b05173a559c84b7ec027a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-13 / This study, of qualitative perspective, is linked to the line of research Training of Teachers Education, from the Post-Graduate Program, at Faculty of Education from Universidade Federal de Goiás- UFG. Its thematic Teacher Training at the State University of Goias - Unit Iporá University. The aim of this research was to identify the projects and course development, issues related to teacher professionalism and identity, as well as the ramifications of this training on teachers' pedagogical practices and the improvement of education quality. Initially, we contextualize the politics of teacher education, highlighting the historical aspects, reforms the current perspectives. The Unidade Universitária of Iporá, Goiás, offers five undergraduate programs and it is the most responsible for teacher training not only in Iporá but also in other surrounding cities. Considering the great challenges facing the profession and teacher training, this research has been developed taking as a starting point, the study of the influence and the role of the Universidade Estadual de Goiás-UEG, in the teacher education. The analysis of this institution considered some points: first, its creation as a proposed government, secondly, its sprawl and, thirdly, the precariousness of working conditions and their consequences for teacher training. This research was made by the method of dialectical historical materialism. The theoretical basis to understanding the concept of teacher training is based largely on Sacristán, Nóvoa, Guimarães, Pimenta, Libâneo, Brzezinski, Saviani, Toschi and Veiga. The investigation was performed by analysis of the Pedagogic Projects of courses, the study of the National Curriculum Guidelines and other laws on the subject and from the data obtained from interviews with teachers, trainers and a focus group with students from Geography, History, Literature and Mathematic course who are already teachers. The research highlights the fragility of the proposals expressed in the training courses and in educational projects as well as an incipient discussion of the profession and the teaching profession. We emphasize that despite the institutional weaknesses, the testimony of the students point out to significant changes in teaching practice and in the adherence to the profession, after the training courses offered. / Este estudo de perspectiva qualitativa vincula-se à linha de pesquisa Formação e Profissionalização Docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, da Faculdade de Educação da UFG. Tem como temática a Formação Docente na Universidade Estadual de Goiás - Unidade Universitária de Iporá. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar nos projetos e no desenvolvimento dos cursos, as questões relacionadas à profissionalidade e identidade docente e os desdobramentos desta formação na prática pedagógica dos professores e na melhoria da qualidade da educação. Contextualizamos as políticas de formação de professores, destacando os aspectos históricos, as reformas, as perspectivas atuais. A UnU de Iporá-Go. oferta cinco cursos de licenciatura e é a maior responsável pela formação de professores em Iporá-Go, e nos municípios circunvizinhos. Diante dos inúmeros desafios colocados à profissão e à formação docente, esta investigação foi desenvolvida tendo como ponto de partida o estudo da influência e do papel da UEG na formação de professores. A análise desta instituição foi realizada considerando sua criação como proposta de governo, sua expansão desordenada e a precarização das condições de trabalho e suas conseqüências para a formação docente. Para realização da pesquisa foi utilizado o método do materialismo histórico dialético. A base teórica para compreensão da formação de professores foi buscada, principalmente, em Sacristán, Nóvoa, Guimarães, Pimenta, Libâneo, Brzezinski, Saviani, Toschi e Veiga. A investigação foi realizada por meio da análise dos Projetos Pedagógicos dos cursos, do estudo das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais e demais legislações sobre o tema e dos dados obtidos com a realização de entrevistas com professores-formadores e grupo focal com os alunos dos cursos de Geografia, História, Letras e Matemática que já são professores. A pesquisa evidencia a fragilidade das propostas de formação expressas nos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos e a incipiente discussão da profissão e a profissionalidade docente. Ressaltamos que apesar das fragilidades institucionais da UEG, os depoimentos dos alunos apontam para significativas mudanças na prática docente e adesão à profissão, a partir da formação propiciada pelos cursos.

Given the trends of increased teacher activism and civic engagement, and the implications of this shift for teachers and schools in general, we need a better understanding of how teacher activism connects to teachers’ views on professionalism. The purpose of this study, then, is to better understand the current growth of politically engaged, activist teachers and the connections they draw between their activism and their role as educators. This study addresses an identified gap in the education reform scholarship around the relationship between teacher activism and teacher professionalism. Education research has looked at teacher activism and a number of different interconnected issues, such as identity (Picower, 2012); unionism (Weiner, 2013); leadership (Little, 2003); and online social networking (Baker-Doyle, 2017), but very few studies have explored teacher activism as it connects to professionalism. Yet without this research, we are left with an insufficient understanding of both what it means to be a teacher in the 21st century U.S. and the ways in which teachers themselves can be agents of social and educational change. Drawing on semi-structured interviews, twelve-months of observations and document analysis this qualitative study explores the experiences of twenty-five teacher activists. / Urban Education

The aim of this study, which is part of a research project called LÄRK at the University of Kristianstad, is to further examine how a group of pre-service teachers reason about relational competence, as well as examining their opinions regarding the importance of relational competence in the teaching profession. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate whether the project has had some kind of long term impact on the students’ ideas with regards to their way of reasoning about their pedagogical practice in stimulated recall interviews and how their understanding of their own relational competence may have been influenced by the process. The results show that the students have the conviction that relational competence is of great importance to the teaching profession and that good relationships based on trust and confidence are fundamental to learning. The results that have emerged also indicate that the students developed increased knowledge of relational competence and what distinguishes a teacher with relational competence. It is suggested that the students find it easier to apply a more general theoretical understanding of relational competence rather than engaging in a self-reflective analysis of their behavior in the recorded film sequences from VFU. It is likely that the project’s three educational sessions did not generate sufficient progression for students to develop a glimpse of the competencies that underlie the definition of relational competence. Although such an assumption supports the idea that relational competence should be initiated in an early stage in teacher education, the result indicates that more research is needed on the competence and how it should be implemented in teacher education.

La ricerca propone un’analisi, in prospettiva pedagogica, del cambiamento organizzativo nella scuola e della professionalità dell’insegnante. L’interesse per la problematica origina da considerazioni attinenti al rapporto tra riforma e innovazione e al ruolo svolto dagli insegnanti nei processi di cambiamento. L’indagine sviluppata si articola secondo due livelli, distinti ma interrelati. Il primo attiene al piano teorico-concettuale e inquadra le problematiche trattate con riferimento ai recenti contributi della letteratura scientifica; il secondo offre in modo complementare i risultati dello studio di caso, condotto in tre istituti scolastici di secondo grado della Lombardia. In ragione dei livelli considerati, i capitoli dedicati all’analisi teorica si alternano a quelli sull’indagine empirica. La ricerca coglie e problematizza la relazione fra cambiamento dell’assetto istituzionale e organizzativo della scuola e rinnovamento della professionalità dell’insegnante, sottolineando l’importanza di sperimentare nella pratica scolastica modelli di organizzazione che avvalorano ruolo e competenze dei docenti. / This research inquires into changes in school organisation and teacher professionalism from a pedagogical point of view. The main purpose is to reflect upon the relationship between school reform and teacher role in this field. The research work consists of two different but strictly intertwind levels. The first one concerns the theoretical standpoint and outlines issues according to the most recent scientific contributions. The other offers data collected during a study of case carried out in three secondary school institutes in Lombardy. The outcomes stress the importance of actual experience of organising models improving teacher specific role and skills.

This study was conducted to investigate the change in pre-service teacher education in Turkey by using Chaos Theory. The research questions were the following: 1) How did the 1982 restructuring relate to the 1998 restructuring? (2) What were the reasons for the anomalies that led to the 1998 restructuring? (3) How did the 1998 process of transformation work? (4) At which stage of the curve is the system now? (5) What are the possible paths the new model may evolve? The data sources in this qualitative research study were interviews and documents. The 28 participants of the interviews included some key decision-makers at related institutes and some academic staff at 8 different Education Faculties in Ankara, EskiSehir, Bolu, Adana, and KirSehir. The written documents included some relevant reports, meeting minutes, the proceedings of conferences and panel discussions, research articles, and some articles of four different newspapers in Turkey. A model of &lsquo / Change as Chaotic Transformation&rsquo / was designed by the researcher as a theoretical framework. The data, subjected to a content analysis, revealed that the logic of chaotic transformation has significant implications in investigating and understanding the stability versus instability phases in teacher education affairs in Turkey / roughly 1950s - 1970 (evolution and stability), 1970s (disequilibrium and turbulence), 1982 &ndash / early 1990s (&lsquo / forced stability&rsquo / ), and mid-1990s to 1998 (turbulence and transformation) are significant phases in this sense. The data also revealed that the reasons for the anomalies that led to the 1998 restructuring were in both program and administrative issues. Further, the process of transformation in 1998 was &lsquo / self-organization.&rsquo / It is found that presently the 1998 model is perceived as not yet institutionalized / the achievements in program issues realigned teacher education to its &lsquo / identity&rsquo / , but the path the new model may evolve depends on the clarification and institutionalization of &lsquo / governance&rsquo / and implementing strategies for developing &lsquo / human resources&rsquo / (the teacher educator profile).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GelzaLBS.pdf: 841239 bytes, checksum: 6658f814ad57afb8078bd7dc55f67d61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-11 / The dissertation is developed in the Research Base of Teacher Training and Professionalization of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte as a way to discuss the professionalization of High School teachers in Natal. It is a study linked to the research The context of teaching practice and professionalism: the case of high school teachers and sponsored by CNPq, with the objective of characterizing working conditions and job satisfaction as dimensions to the teacher professionalism in high schools. In this study we prioritized the focus on professionalization in national and international discussions, which combines the aspects of teaching in its historical, social, political and economical path, in order to reflect about its evolutional elements in the hierarchy of professions and establish a relation to high school teaching. To develop this relation we elaborated some questions that are considered relevant, such as: How does the high school teacher evaluate his/her working conditions to his/her professional practice? What level of satisfaction does the high school teacher have regarding his/her professional practice? What expectations does the high school teacher have in relation to his/her professional development? The answers to those questions were according to the high school teachers considerations shown in the questionnaire, which was structured with open and closed questions. These questions gave better adequacy to the teachers evaluations about their working place and the situations they experience in their working conditions, provoking job satisfaction and expectations for professional growth. The description of the teachers perception about working conditions, job satisfaction and expectation of professional development can explain the distinct factors that characterize these categories in the working context, although the conclusive results, in general, do not show a direct relationship between the categories studied. Some factors that teachers attribute as causes of bigger difficulties in working conditions and work activity itself are: working time, salary, professional status, school s infrastructure, and school s social context. These factors are similarly related to the degree of job satisfaction, without showing interference in the professional expectations / A disserta??o se desenvolve na Base de Pesquisa Forma??o e Profissionaliza??o Docente da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte como preocupa??o de discutir a profissionaliza??o dos docentes do Ensino M?dio das escolas de Natal. Trata-se de um estudo vinculado ? pesquisa O contexto da atividade docente e o profissionalismo docente: o caso de professores do Ensino M?dio , financiado pelo CNPq, objetivando caracterizar as condi??es de trabalho e a satisfa??o profissional como dimens?es do profissionalismo docente no Ensino M?dio. Para a configura??o do estudo, priorizamos explorar o enfoque da profissionaliza??o no ?mbito de discuss?es nacionais e internacionais, que re?nem aspectos da doc?ncia na sua trajet?ria hist?rica, social, pol?tica e econ?mica, a fim de refletir elementos evolutivos na escala das profiss?es e estabelecer uma rela??o com a doc?ncia no Ensino M?dio. Num estado de coer?ncia para o desenvolvimento desta, formulamos algumas quest?es pertinentes sobre as quais nos reportamos: Como o professor do Ensino M?dio avalia suas condi??es de trabalho para o exerc?cio da atividade profissional? Que grau de satisfa??o tem o professor do Ensino M?dio em rela??o a sua atividade profissional? Que expectativas o professor do Ensino M?dio apresenta frente ao desenvolvimento profissional? As respostas ?s quest?es foram constru?das a partir das considera??es feitas pelos docentes do Ensino M?dio no question?rio, que estruturado por perguntas abertas e fechadas deram possibilidades de maior adequa??o as avalia??es realizadas pelos docentes sobre o espa?o de trabalho e a situa??o que experimentam em rela??o ?s condi??es de trabalho, cujos reflexos recaem na satisfa??o profissional e nas expectativas de crescimento na profiss?o. Descrever as percep??es dos docentes sobre as condi??es de trabalho, a satisfa??o profissional e a expectativa de desenvolvimento profissional permite explicitar distintos fatores que caracterizam tais categorias no contexto de trabalho, embora de forma conclusiva os resultados n?o apresentem, em termos gerais, uma rela??o direta entre as categorias estudadas. Os docentes atribuem como causas de maiores dificuldades enfrentadas nas condi??es de trabalho e na atividade laboral em si, fatores como: jornada de trabalho, remunera??o, status profissional, infra-estrutura da escola e contexto social da escola. De igual maneira relacionam tais fatores ao grau de satisfa??o no trabalho sem que manifestem as interfer?ncias nas expectativas profissionais

This thesis is concerned with teacher agency and how this is achieved within the autonomous schooling model of England’s academies programme. The enquiry draws upon the empirical work conducted in a single case study sponsored academy (‘Bucklands Academy’ ) in 2012. The research was conducted in order to investigate whether the autonomy and freedoms afforded to one such school extended to the teachers working in it and how this affected their professional roles as classroom educators. The thesis begins by sharing my research interest, which relates to whether greater levels of school autonomy enhance the pedagogical approaches taken by teachers. This interest then develops towards the notion of teacher agency and asks the fundamental research question: Is this academy a place where teacher agency can flourish? The study sets out the policy context for academies in England, including an analysis of the historical development of state secondary schooling since 1944. It is shown that the continued ‘need’ to develop a new approach to schooling, eventually in the form of academies, started with claims of unfairness, discrimination and waste of talent brought about by the tripartite system of schooling established by the 1944 Education Act. It then analyses later concerns about the alleged failure of the comprehensive system to achieve its aim of raising standards for all children. The political contexts of state schooling are considered, and particular attention is given to the neo-liberal ideology developed after 1979 of ‘rolling back the state’, introducing choice and competition between schools and increasing the role of the private sector in the delivery of public services. However, the scope of the investigation is not restricted to the national policy context; the research interest lies in establishing what the key reforms have meant for teachers in the classroom and how this has affected the agency they achieve. A number of themes emerged in the review of key literature, including school autonomy, teacher professionalism, the policy to practice paradox and discourses around the academies programme. This thesis sets out a clear theoretical position, which draws upon the critical realist social theory developed by Roy Bhaskar and Margaret Archer. This approach offers a centrist alternative to what Pring (2000b) describes as the false dualism of the two epistemological positions of educational research. Critical realism posits that the world is real and that its structures exist beyond our understanding, but that our knowledge of this stratified world is socially constructed. Within the structure-agency debate, the ecological view of agency developed by Priestley et al. (2015) is adopted, which sees it as being context-dependent and something that individuals achieve in concrete settings. The empirical work within this study consisted of semi-structured interviews, observations and documentary analysis. The main findings from the research are that the case-study school had significant autonomy to develop its own policies and approaches to raising standards. However, this autonomy did not extend to any significant extent below the level of the academy sponsors and the principal. The school had developed a highly performative culture where teachers’ work was centrally directed and through which they were held highly accountable for the attainment of their students. It was found that the way in which autonomy was distributed throughout the school affected the agency of key stakeholders. The sponsors achieved high levels of agency, the principal achieved restricted agency and teachers achieved limited agency. It was found that teachers took one of two approaches to a new curricular reform being introduced by the academy sponsors. They either adopted it or used their limited agency to modify it so that it aligned more closely with their own educational philosophies. There was no indication that any teachers rejected the school’s reform, and it is suggested that this may have been the result of them subordinating this key policy to their ultimate concern of working in a school recognised by school inspectors to be highly effective. This thesis concludes that, contrary to the policy rhetoric, teachers working in one sponsored academy may have had less autonomy than those teaching in local authority maintained schools. This in turn affected the agency they achieved, which appears to undermine the original vision and aims of the academies programme. The thesis concludes by offering possible areas for further research which emerged during this study.

Text in Afrikaans / Organised trade unionism in the South African education sector is a new phenomenon. In this study the emergence and development of Coloured professional teacher associations and teacher trade unions is researched. Although Coloured teacher associations like the Teachers' League were great exponents of professionalism, they nevertheless showed characteristics of modern trade unionism. The development of Coloured professional teacher associations and trade unions is discussed against the background of their quest for teacher unity in South Africa. Since the establishment of the Teachers' League in 1913, the policy of Coloured teacher organizations on teacher unity underwent a remarkable change from mainly ethnic teacher unity (1913-1969) to unity across ethnic divisions (since the late seventies). This policy shift is contextualised in the ever changing political, social and economic milieu in South Africa. Finally recommendations on the professional teacher association enterprise and teacher trade unionism in South Africa is given. / Die georganiseerde vakbondwese in die Suid-Afrikaanse onderwys is 'n nuwe verskynsel. In die studie is die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van die Bruin onderwysverenigingsbedryf en onderwysvakbondwese in Suid­ Afrika nagevors. Alhoewel die vroeere Bruin professionele onderwysverenigings soos die Teachers' League 'n sterk professionle karakter getoon het, het hulle kerumerke van die moderne vakbondwese, veral ten aansien van hul salarisonderhandelinge met onderwysowerhede, geopenbaar wat deurgaans in die verhandeling belig is. Die metabletiese ondersoek na Bruin professionele onderwysverenigings en -vakbonde is onderneem teen die agtergrond van hul etniese en nie-etniese eenheidstrewe in die onderwys. Die eenheidstrewe van Bruin onderwysersverenigings het 'n merkwaardige verruiming sedert die onstaan van die TLSA in 1913 ondergaan - 'n aspek wat in die lig van die deurlopende veranderende sosiale, politieke en ekonomiese klimaat in Suid-Afrika belig is. Ten slotte word aanbevelings ten opsigte van die onderwysverenigingsbedryf en die onderwysvakbondwese in die nuwe Suid-Afrika gemaak. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Historiese Opvoedkunde)