El Enfoque Territorial, es una nueva y sencilla aproximación que se orienta a la Gestión.Este enfoque inspirado en las tradiciones de la planificación del desarrollo regional,resuelve sistemáticamente la necesidad de coordinar, concertar y articular procesos de gestión regional e interregional, que se localizan en lugares y espacios continuos.

Esta pesquisa aborda a relação entre território e finanças. O objetivo é analisar a nova ordenação territorial das finanças no Brasil, entre 1996 e 2006, como esta ocorreu, quais foram os seus principais fatores de formação e suas conseqüências. A metodologia utilizada, pelo lado teórico, baseia-se na abordagem do David Harvey sobre os ajustes temporal e espacial, e ordenação espaço-temporal e na teoria Pós-keynesiana sobre finanças regionais. Pelo lado empírico, utiliza-se análises estatísticas do índice de concentração Herfindahl-Hirschman (IHH) e taxas de crescimento acumulado, bem como a análise de cartografia temática digital. A pesquisa mostrou que a nova ordenação territorial das finanças ocorreu sobretudo devido ao grande crescimento e expansão territorial das atividades de intermediação financeira. Sendo assim, os seus principais fatores de formação foram: a abertura financeira da década de 1990, a reestruturação do sistema bancário nacional, estabilidade da moeda, o aumento da demanda financeira regional de baixo volume e o avanço do meio técnico-científico-informacional. As principais conseqüências foram: a mudança na estrutura de composição do Sistema Financeiro Nacional, que passou a ter a atividade de intermediação financeira como principal atividade financeira do país e apesar da redução da concentração das finanças, esta não descentralizou as mesmas, como também não implicou na redução da concentração econômica do Brasil. / This research addresses the relationship between territory and finances. The objective is to analyze the new territorial configuration of finance in Brazil between 1996 and 2006, in particular, how it occurred, what were its main factors of formation and what were its consequences. The methodology, on the theoretical side, is based on the approach of David Harvey on the temporal and spatial adjustments, and space-time configuration, as well as post-Keynesian theory on regional finances. On the empirical side, it uses statistical analysis of the Herfindahl-Hirschman concentration Index (HHI) and aggregate growth rates, as well as the analysis of digital thematic cartography. The research showed that the new territorial organization of finance was largely due to strong growth and territorial expansion of the activities of financial intermediation. Therefore, its principle factors of formation were: the financial opening of the 1990s, the restructuring of the national banking system, monetary stability, increase of low-volume regional financial demand and the advancement of technical, scientific and informational means. The main consequences were: a change in the structure of the composition of the National Financial System, which now has the role of financial intermediation as the main financial activity of the country. Despite the lower concentration of finance, this development did not lead to a decentralization of finance, nor did it imply a reduction of the economic concentration in Brazil.

Frente a um período no qual a escala de ação para muitos agentes sociais sobretudo as empresas hegemônicas no mercado globalizado corresponde ao mundo, os territórios nacionais são mobilizados e transformados de maneira a viabilizar a organização e eficiência dos circuitos espaciais produtivos internacionalizados. A criação dos Centros Logísticos e Industriais Aduaneiros (CLIAs) é, além de muitas outras, uma dessas adaptações do território. São recintos que exercem função aduaneira de despacho/admissão de mercadorias importadas ou a serem exportadas, mas que se situam fora da zona primária de portos e aeroportos, constituindo-se como alternativa às alfândegas tradicionais para a importação ou exportação de mercadorias. São, então, novos objetos geográficos que aumentam a porosidade territorial brasileira criando caminhos mais fluidos para as trocas internacionais, principalmente para alguns circuitos espaciais produtivos. A presença deles no estado de São Paulo liga-se diretamente ao processo de industrialização desse território uma vez que são utilizados em grande parte pela indústria química e pela indústria automotiva. Torna-se importante, assim, a individualização das relações estabelecidas entre os CLIAs e as indústrias às quais são funcionais. Por fim, além da participação dos CLIAs nesses circuitos espaciais produtivos, também podem implicar diferentes relações com o lugar onde são instalados, criando modalidades diversas de integração ao território verticais e horizontais. É justamente o entendimento dessa dinâmica territorial complexa que se constitui no objetivo central do presente trabalho. / Facing a time in which the action scale for social agents especially the hegemonic companies in the globalized market comprises the world, national territories are mobilized and changed in order to allow the organization and efficiency of internationalized spatial productive circuits. The establishment of Logistic and Industrial Customs Centers (CLIAs) is one among several of those territory adaptations. The CLIAs are entities responsible for the customs services of regulating the flow of imported and exported goods, yet they are based out of the primary zone of airports and harbors, hence consisting of an alternative to the traditional customs for the importation and exportation of goods. Therefore, CLIAs are new geographic agents that increase the Brazilian territorial porosity, creating more fluid pathways for international trade, mainly for some spatial productive circuits. The presence of these entities in the State of São Paulo is directly related to the industrialization process of this territory, since they are largely used by the chemical and automotive industries. We believe that it is important to disentangle the relationships established between the CLIAs and the industries for which they function. Besides the involvement of CLIAs in these spatial productive circuits, they may also develop different relationships with the place where they are based, generating diverse means of integration with the territory vertical and horizontal. It is precisely the understanding of this complex territorial dynamics that constitutes the central objective of this work.

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

The legal framework used by the Mormon pioneers to establish corporations was imported into early Utah as were many other institutional ideas, social customs, and economic principles used in establishing their Zion. To understand in some completeness the effect of the corporate organization in Territorial Utah it is requisite that we first understand what constituted a corporation at that time and how this device was applied to the formation of business enterprises. What follows is a brief discussion of the development of the characteristics of the corporate organization from its origin to its implementation in early Utah.

This research explains the formation of territorial autonomy regimes, arrangements enabling ethnic groups to express their distinct identity. The origins of territorial autonomy arrangements is an important topic due to the great potential of such institutions to prevent ethnic strife or reduce ongoing conflict. While the literature has explored the consequences of autonomy regimes, its contribution to our understanding of the origins of territorial autonomy is limited. In answering why territorial autonomy regimes are adopted, I develop a theory that focuses on the bargaining strategies of ethnic groups. Specifically, I posit that nonviolent bargaining strategies adopted by ethnic groups influence national leaders’ decision-making processes. In this dissertation, I also address the question of why ethnic groups employ peaceful, as opposed to violent, tactics. Hypotheses derived from this theorization are tested using 197 ethnic groups in 95 states. In the empirical analysis I use data from 1945 to 2000 and employ the duration model and the modified Heckman selection model as my primary statistical methods. To trace the process of territorial autonomy formation I use a case study conducted in the Republic of Tatarstan in the Russian Federation. The results suggest that while groups with access to easily extractable resources choose to employ violent strategies, ethnic collectivities who use peaceful protest tactics are in fact more successful in obtaining territorial autonomy arrangements from central governments.

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Géographie et aménagement--Paris 4, 2006. / Bibliogr. p. 287-299. Webliogr. p. 300.

Thesis--Warsaw, 1945, presented under title: Władztwo państwa nadbrzeżnego na morzu przybrzeżnym. / Summary in English (p. 67-[70]). Bibliography: p. 84-[85].

Tyrimo objektas – Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės teritorializacijos procesas XIV – XVI a. LDK teritorializacijos procesas prasidėjo vakarinėje LDK dalyje XIV a. 2 pus. Tai buvo sąlygota pažangesnių Lietuvos kaimyninių valstybių iniciatyvos delimituoti teritorijas. Pirmiausiai buvo sudarytas Lietuvos ir Mazovijos kunigaikštystės susitarimas dėl teritorijų limitacijos, pastaroji siekė apsaugoti savo žemes nuo potencialios lietuvių grėsmės. Tačiau tai tik epizodas. Esminis Lietuvos teritorializacijos proceso lūžis buvo Lietuvos ir Ordino delimitacinių procesų plejada, kuri buvo inicijuota politiškai aktyvios kaimyninės vokiečių valstybės. Ordinas suvokė delimitacinių procesų prasme, o Lietuvos valdantysis sluoksnis, regis, dar ne. Tačiau vokiečiai, siekdami delimituoti savo valstybės teritoriją, kartu skatino Lietuvos valstybės vakarinės dalies teritorinį tapsmą. Ši LDK dalis ypatingai teritorializacijos proceso buvo paliest valdant Vytautui. Šio valdovo laikais buvo nustatytos vakarinės LDK politinės sienos, kurios reiškė įtakos sferų tarp valstybių pasidalinimą. Po Vytauto delimitacinių procesu akcijos, XV a. 2 pus. prasidėjo rytinės LDK dalies teritorializacijos procesas, kurį sąlygojo galingos kaimyninės valstybės – Maskvos iškilimas. Taigi, rytinės LDK dalies teritorializacija buvo sąlygota politinių oponentų susidūrimo, kuris brėžė šių valstybių teritorijų sienas. Šios dalies teritorinis tapsmas, regis, tesėsi iki XVI a. vid. XV a. 2 pus. vakarinėje LDK dalyje, tarp... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Summary. The object of this research is to understand the territorialization process in the 14 - 16 centuries Grand Duches of Lithuania (GDL) and to find out the connect of the state territory and ruling class. First of all, bared on historiography we will try to find out the common formation process of the territorial state in Middle age. This will help to choose other criterions. In the second chapter GDL territorialization process is analized widely. The first stage in this process was determined by neighbour countries, such as Mazovia and the Teutonic Order. The Order, being aktiv territorial state, stimulated the interest of borders delimitation with GDL. The biggerst act of delimitation take part at the time of Great duke Vytautas. At the time of the latter rule the first Border between GDL and Order appears. In the third decade of the 15th century was passed to borde renovation process. The end of the process wan in 16 century. But, the border renovation process at the 16th century very intensive. It depend on inside colonization control. The collision of both borderland dvellers modificated state border. In 1545 the border between GDL and Prussiae was estabilished and the colomn with state coat of arm and inscription was made. It shows the concepsio of the state territory border. In the 16th century state line border appears. It’s traits: populated borderland; detailed border marking; borders have to correspond to all social classes land limits; borders should have... [to full text]

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2008. / Adviser: Virginia Page Fortna. Includes bibliographical references.