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Development, operation, and testing of a heuristic line balancing program for a microcomputer are discussed. Tasks are grouped into work stations along an assembly line such that the number of work stations required is minimized. The model is built primarily using the Hoffman (1963) procedure with modifications described by Gehrlein and Patterson (1975). For purposes of comparison the Rank Positional Weight technique (Helgeson and Birnie, 1961) is also included in the model. Testing included thirty-seven different balances using problems from the literature. For each balance, both Rank Positional Weight and Hoffmann solutions were obtained in the forward and reverse directions. Four measures of performance were considered in this study. These measures of performance were: (1) the average percentage a balance is above the optimum solutions, in terms of number of stations; (2) time to obtain a balance; (3) the best solution in terms of the lowest number of stations and lowest standard deviation of the slack times; and (4) the largest value of minimum station slack time. Overall it was found that the Hoffmann procedure with a delay factor if 1.5 was best suited for the microcomputer application. Further work is recommended to find the optimum delay factor and apply the Modified Hoffmann procedure to solving line balancing problems where the cycle time is minimized given a set of work stations.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an especially designed small-stepped treatment program utilizing the Apple II microcomputer on the graphic output of eight chronically aphasic adults. The subjects manifested moderate/ severe to severe communicative impairment as determined by performance on the Aphasic Language Performance Scales (ALPS) (Keenan and Brassell, 1974) and were receiving management at the Communicative disorders Clinic at the University of Central Florida. Pretreatment status of each subject was measured via a visual and hearing screening. In addition, the Aphasia Language Performance Scales were administered as an indicant of overall communicative ability. Spelling proficiency was measured via a written spelling test. Each subject then initiated a ten-session (one-half hour twice weekly) treatment program. Treatment objective progressed in increasingly complex small steps from prelinguistic (letter-matching) through linguistic (spelling single words) levels. The Apple II microcomputer was utilized in the areas of stimulus presentation, response contingency, and data keeping. Subsequent to the completion of the treatment condition, the Aphasia Language Performance Scales (Keenan and Brassell, 1974) and the written spelling test were readministered to each subject. Pretreatment and post-treatment scores were subjected to statistic analysis. Findings indicated a significant correlation between pretreatment scores on the Aphasia Language Performance Scales (Keenan and Brassell, 1974). Significant changes were observed in pretreatment and post-treatment written spelling test scores with evidence that skills learned on the computer keyboard transferred to manual writing. The implications of the results of this study were discussed within the framework of future treatment and research in the area of aphasia.

<p> Fruit size is a polygenic trait controlled by multiple genomic regions each with small effect. The complex nature of fruit size regulation makes it challenging to dissect individual genes responsible for phenotypic variation. Though recent advances in high-throughput genome sequencing technology in conjunction with improved statistical and computational methods empowered science to explicitly understand the genetic basis underlying multiple fruit quality traits, much of the work that has been done through classical quantitative trait loci (QTL) approach resulted in reduced resolution and instability when evaluating in different genetic backgrounds and different environments. To increase the precision and improve the stability of QTL analyses and to identify genes controlling fruit size, we performed a set of multiple quantitative and molecular genetic analyses to elucidate the underlying genetic architecture of fruit mass. A total of nine genomic regions associated with fruit mass were identified, two of which are novel to this study; markers Md14_26050918 and Md14_26050904. Detected QTLs explained ~ 42% of the total genetic variation of which ~ 20% is explained by the two novel QTLs. Regions responsible for fruit mass variation appear to be under strong additive and epistatic genetic control. These regions exhibited high stability across-family as well as across-years and showed accurate genomic prediction across-family. Additionally, we identified the apple gene family of putative fw2.2 orthologs, naming them Cell Number Regulators (CNRs) genes (MdCNRs). Three CNRs (MdCNR1-3) showed increased expression at early fruit growth in small-fruited crabapple, associating with reduced relative cell production rate (RCPR), suggesting that alteration in cell number that leads to a subsequent reduction in fruit size is probably due to reduced cell division most likely due to changes in CNRs regulation. Furthermore, our study revealed that reduced fruit size is partially due to the shortened cell expansion period after which cell expansion ceases in the small-fruited crabapple species. Together, these data will advance our understanding of dissecting fruit mass genetic architecture and have high potential to be deployed for marker-assisted selection and further breeding approaches. </p>

I takt med utvecklingen av att allt fler enheter är ihopkopplade och det ökade användandet av applikationer som lagrar persondata är säkerhet en aspekt som måste implementeras av utvecklare och som användarna behöver förstå sig bättre på. Samtidigt är smarta enheter och applikationer designade för att vara lätta att använda och för att vara funktionella är det utmanande att förena faktorerna användbarhet och säkerhet på en acceptabel nivå. Denna balans är särskilt intressant att undersöka när det dessutom gäller betalningsappar då historiskt har konsumenter velat att en betalning genomförs säkert, smidigt och bekvämt. Betalningsapparna medger köp av varor utan användning av kontanter och används av över två miljarder människor globalt där Apple Pay och Google Pay är de två globala betalningsapplikationerna. Denna studie har till syfte att belysa användarnas syn på faktorerna användbarhet och säkerhet hos betalningsapparna Apple Pay och Google Pay. Data om användarnas recensioner till de två utvalda betalningsapplikationerna har inhämtats från online-marknadsförsäljaren capterra.se, som fungerar som mellanhand mellan köpare och teknikleverantörer inom mjukvaruindustrin. För att uppnå syftet inom ramen för uppsatsens storleksbegränsning har uppsatsens undersökningsområde avgränsats till att behandla data om användares recensioner till betalningsapplikationerna Apple Pay respektive Google Pay, lagda av användare med minst två års användarlängd. En kvalitativ metod i form av en tematisk innehållsanalys har använts som metod för att analysera de ovan nämnda recensionerna vilket har utgått från tvåhundra recensioner för Apple Pay respektive hundrasextiofem recensioner på Google Pay. I enlighet med metoden för tematisk analys har jag gått igenom de valda recensionernas rubrik och innehåll för de två valda applikationerna för att sedan analysera och identifiera kännetecken och särdrag i dess data. Slutligen har datamaterialet organiserats och grupperats för att identifiera tema för att relatera till syftet och frågeställningarna. Slutsatsen av studien visar att användarna lyfter följande teman i sina recensioner: Integritet, Sekretess, Tillgänglighet, Användarvänligt, Tillfredsställanede och Effektivitet. De tre förstnämnda teman är i denna studie kopplade till säkerhetsfaktorn och resterande tre teman är kopplade till faktorn användbarhet. Den procentuella andelen av teman kopplad till säkerhet är 31% och till användbarhet 69% som omnämnts i recensionerna för Apple Pay. För Google Pay är motsvarande siffra 27% respektive 73%. Detta innebär att användarna lyfter användbarhetsfaktorn mer än säkerhetsfaktorn i sina recensioner. Trots användarnas fokus på användbarhet är säkerhet inte en obetydlig faktor. Inga avsevärda skillnader föreligger bland recensionerna utifrån de två studerade faktorerna mellan de två utvalda betalningsapplikationerna Apple Pay respektive Google Pay.

Yes / The use of Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane processes for the clarification and the concentration of apple juice is proposed as an alternative to the conventional concentration technique, which is based on evaporation and freezing. Several models have been published on RO process models relying on different assumptions that predict the permeate flux and aroma compounds rejections for aqueous solutions apple juice. The solution-diffusion model (Lumped model) has been applied for the previous models. The main instrument of this study is the use of the gPROMS software to develop a new distributed steady state model that will relax a number of earlier assumptions. The model has been validated with an observational data of apple juice filtration derived from the literature by analysing the permeate flux and the performance of membrane rejection at different concentrations, temperatures and pressures for a laboratory scale of spiral-wound RO module. Simulated results corroborate with experimental and model predictions.

Yes / Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane process has been commonly used for clarification and concentration of apple juice processes, due to significant advance in membrane technology, requirements for low energy and cost, and effective retention of aroma components. In this paper, a multi-stage RO industrial full-scale plant based on the MSCB 2521 RE99 spiral-wound membrane module has been used to simulate the process of concentrating apple juice and to identify an optimal multi-stage RO process for a specified apple juice product of high concentration measured in Brix. The optimisation problem is formulated as a Nonlinear Programming (NLP) problem with five different RO superstructures to maximise the apple juice concentration as well as the operating parameters such as feed pressure, flow rate and temperature are optimised. A simple lumped parameter model based on the solution-diffusion model and the contribution of all sugar species (sucrose, glucose, malic acid, fructose and sorbitol) to the osmotic pressure is assumed to represent the process. The study revealed that the multi-stage series RO process can optimise the product concentration of apple juice better than other configurations. It has been concluded that the series configuration of twelve elements of 1.03 m2 area improves the product apple juice concentration by about 142% compared to one element. Furthermore, the feed pressure and flow rate were found to have a significant impact on the concentration of the apple juice.