The democratic transformation in the early 1990s has brought Europe to the opening of national borders and has become an impetus for many international migrations. Since then, the Czech Republic has also become part of the very specific migratory flows of the Roma ethnic group. More than 75,000 Roma have already emigrated from the Czech Republic, representing one of the most vulnerable, socially disadvantaged and discriminated ethnic minorities. It is precisely Great Britain that is one of their most sought-after destination countries. The motives leading to the emigration of Czech Roma from the Czech Republic to Great Britain are balancing between "push" motives of deprivation and discrimination and "pull" motives representing an improvement in their standard of living. From an academic point of view, the absence of information on the living conditions of Czech Roma in the UK prevails, especially whether they are integrated in British society and what are the main motives for their return migration to the Czech Republic. The aim of this work is to deepen the existing knowledge about the integration of Czech Roma living in the UK in the context of their migration and to identify the main motives leading to their emigration from Great Britain back to the Czech Republic. This research also seeks to...

Diploma thesis deals with pupils from socially excluded localities and their education. The theoretical part defines the term socially excluded locality and deals with distinctive features that influence the situation of people living here. The Roma minority, which is often associated with social exclusion, is also characterised, and unfortunately is still frequently represented in socially excluded localities. The main topic is a socially disadvantaged pupil, their needs and current educational opportunities are taken into account. Special attention is given to Roma children and pupils with regard to cultural and ethnic specifics. The practical part is processed in the form of 12 case studies describing individual families from socially excluded localities and their attitude to children's education. The main objective of the research was to identify barriers that influence the education of their children from the parents' point of view. Partial objectives focus on other circumstances that families may have to limit access to school in relation to their social situation. The results of the research point to a close connection between the unfavorable social situation of the family, when these circumstances have a negative effect to the school education of children. Parents themselves perceive these...

法國在2010年發生了一件富社會與政治爭議性的大事：對非法吉普塞人移民的驅除。當時法國媒體極力報導這則消息，並皆由報導重新建構此事件。此篇論文探討法文報紙在報導吉普賽移民議題上如何被政治化。此研究由法國《世界報》與《費加洛日報》中挑選240篇文章出來做框架分析，《世界報》與《費加洛日報》分別代表法國兩大不同政治理念的國家日報，藉此分析支持學者哈林與曼席尼的媒體政治制度化與框架中的分化假設。《世界報》中大部分文章有著支持吉普賽移民框架報導(107篇文章)而《費加洛日報》中大部份文章則是反吉普賽移民框架報導的(76篇文章)。此外，結果顯示《世界報》中佔優勢的框架是支持吉普賽人安全制度的框架，而《費加洛日報》佔優勢的框架則是反吉普賽人移民的國家主義框架。 / Summer 2010 in France was marked by a major socio-political controversy: the expulsions of illegal Roma immigrants. The French news media widely broadcasted the issue, reconstructing the debate for the audiences. This thesis researched how French newspapers are being politicized in reporting the Roma immigration debate. Framing analysis of 240 articles in Le Monde and Le Figaro, two selected French national dailies of differing political ideology, supported Hallin and Mancini’s hypothesis of media instrumentalization and polarization in frame. Le Monde had a majority of pro-Roma immigration frames (107 articles) and Le Figaro had a majority of against Roma immigration frames (76 articles). Moreover, findings showed that Le Monde’s dominant frame was the pro-Roma securitization frame and Le Figaro’s dominant frame was the against Roma immigration nationalism frame.

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Šio darbo tema – Palazzo tipo rūmai XVI–XVIII a. Vilniaus architektūroje. Pažymėtina, kad Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės ir Vilniaus architektūros istoriografijoje rezidencijų klausimui skirta pakankamai daug dėmesio, tačiau tipologiniu atžvilgiu atskiri sostinės rūmai beveik nenagrinėjami. Pagrindiniu šio tyrimo objektu yra Renesanso epochoje susiformavusi miesto rezidencija – palazzo. Savo darbe autorius analizuoja minėto tipo rūmų paplitimo lygį renesansinėje, barokinėje ir klasicistinėje Vilniaus architektūroje, išskirdamas šio modelio bei jo stilistinių formų recepcijos ypatybes. Darbą sudaro trys dalys, iš kurių pirmoji yra įvadinė. Joje suformuluotas darbo objektas, iškelti probleminiai klausimai, nustatyti tikslai ir uždaviniai bei tyrimo metodai. Antroji dalis yra teorinio pobūdžio, joje kalbama apie palazzo reiškinį. Pirmiausia, bandoma išsiaiškinti rūmų fenomeną nuo pačių seniausių laikų iki renesanso, po to nagrinėjamas Renesanso epochos miesto rezidencijos klausimas, išsiaiškinamos socialinės ir ekonominės šios rezidencinės architektūros prielaidos bei analizuojama palazzo raida nuo ankstyviausios renesanso stadijos iki manierizmo. Toliau nagrinėjama įtališkųjų miesto rūmų recepcija bendraeuropiniame kontekste. Pagrindinis pirmojo skyriaus tikslas – parodyti itališkojo tipo rezidencijų specifiką, jų planinę ir erdvinę struktūrą ir būdingiausias eksterjero detales, siekiant pritaikyti bendrus kriterijus, kurie padėtų tipologiškai suklasifikuoti analogiško... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The topic of this paper is palazzo type palaces in Vilnius architecture in the 16th–18th centuries. It should be noticed that in the historiography of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (henceforth GDL) and Vilnius architecture the question of residences has received sufficient attention. However, from the point of view of typology, separate palaces of the capital are scarcely analyzed. The main object of this research is palazzo – an urban residence, which formed in the Renaissance époque. The author of this paper analyzes the spread of the latter type of palaces in the Renaissance, Baroque and Classicistic architecture of Vilnius. In addition, the peculiarities of this model and its stylistic forms are distinguished. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part the object is formulated, the problematic questions are raised and the aims as well as methods are set. The second part is theoretical. It presents an overview of the phenomenon of palazzo. At first, an attempt to investigate the phenomenon of the palaces from the earliest times till the Renaissance is made. Later on, the question of an urban residence in the époque of Renaissance is examined, social and economical assumptions about this residential architecture are tested, and the development of palazzo from the earliest stage of Renaissance till the Mannerism is analyzed. Further on, the reception of Italian urban palaces in the general European context is analyzed. The basic aim of the first part is to show the... [to full text]

Negli ultimi decenni il tema della condizione femminile nel mondo antico è stato oggetto di innumerevoli studi che hanno analizzato ogni aspetto del ruolo della donna nella società. Si è rilevato, tuttavia, che la critica moderna ha posto l’attenzione in modo cursorio e mai sistematico sugli aspetti e le implicazioni degli interventi femminili in campo politico . La ricerca ambisce di esaminare in quale modo si sia prodotto il coinvolgimento delle donna nelle dinamiche politiche della società romana per l’arco cronologico compreso tra il III e il II secolo a.C. prestando particolare attenzione all’evoluzione e alle finalità di questo rapporto così come la tradizione antica ne reca memoria. La partecipazione politica per le donne non è prevista in nessuna forma dal mos maiorum e, tuttavia, gli autori antichi testimoniano in più occasioni in cui sono i soggetti femminili a prendere parte attiva alla vita politica della città. Sono queste vicende che costituiscono il focus di questa ricerca che si propone l’obbiettivo di definire le modalità del rapporto donne e politica, individuando le occasioni, le circostanze e le dinamiche della partecipazione femminile alla vita politica della Roma del III e II secolo a.C. / In the last decades scholars focused on every aspects of the women position in Ancient Roman society. However several works paid attention in no systematic way on aspects and implications of female political presence. This research focus on the female political participation and try to explain in which way Roman women play an active role in Roman politics between IIIrd and IInd century B.C. with specific attention to the identification of the evolution and the aims of this role as mentioned in ancient authors. In fact the mos maiorum doesn’t embrace women active participation in politics but anyway ancient authors frequently remember women play a first part in Roman politics. These events are the focus of the research and its aims is to explain the dynamics, the occurrences and circumstances of women political participation from the ancient authors’ mentions.

El artículo muestra que los instrumentos jurídicos europeos en materia de Derecho internacional Privado o de Derecho Procesal internacional Privado proporcionan reglas especiales directas y más o menos simples que favorecen a los consumidores. Estos son beneficiados con la aplicación de la ley del país en el que residen habitualmente, y al conferirse jurisdicción a los tribunales del país de su domicilio. Los acuerdos de particulares en contra de esto están estrictamente limitados. El artículo también destaca la importancia de las normas de la UE para Sudamérica.The article illustrates that european legal instruments regarding private international law or private international procedural law provide direct and more or less simple special rules favouring consumers. Consumers are privileged by the application of the law of the country in which they habitually reside and by jurisdiction being vested in the courts within the country of their domicile. Party agreements providing otherwise are strictly limited. The paper also highlights the relevance of the EU norms for South-America.

The term affirmative action (U. S. English), or positive discrimination (British English) means positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, politics and business from which they had been historically excluded. In search for the roots of affirmative action I start at the very beginning of the US history describing institutionalized forms of slavery and later move on to segregation to demonstrate how deep and strong this exclusion was. Since the late 1960s this expression has been used to refer to policies that go beyond the simple prohibition of discrimination on grounds of race, national origin and sex in employment practices and educational system. These policies require further actions, affirmative actions, to make jobs and promotions and admissions to educational programs available to individuals from groups that have historically suffered from discrimination in gaining these opportunities or are, whether discriminated against or not by formal policies and informal practices, infrequently found in certain occupations or educational institutions and programs. In an effort to create an unprejudiced picture of this phenomenon of American modern society, I try to open my work for arguments of both sides, the proponents and the...

This diploma thesis deals with a topic of Roma education in the Czech elementary education system. Aim of the thesis is to analyse current state of czech educational system in a relationship to Roma students, to point out the practice of segregation at elementary schools and to offer possible solutions. In the theoretical part there is a description of current situation of Roma minority in the Czech Republic. Through media information and proffesional papers I reflect escalated social situation and analyze most frequent disputes between Roma minority and majority. I present a reform of Roma children education as one of the priorities for Roma integration in the Czech Republic. I present current alternatives of elementary education of Roma students in the Czech republic and compare advatages of inclusion against segregation in education. The practical part focuses on didactical arrangments of multicultural education topics in 6. ? 9. grade. Educational project called ?Black sheep, white crows? is a realization of cross-sectional topic of multicultural education in civics and czech language. Focus of this educational project is to verify the functioning of education at an open elementary school, which uses inclusive education.

The objective of this thesis is to analyze the cooperation of social workers involved in social work applied to Roma families in the socially excluded location "Fišlovka" in Tábor, and to outline the possibility of discussed cooperation in addressing ethical dilemmas related to social work with the target group. The subject of this analysis is an attempt to identify the main reservations and barriers of this cooperation and the possibilities of improving it. The thesis also explores the ethical dilemmas that social workers working with Roma families encounter, and the strategies that they most often use to deal with these dilemmas. The thesis consists of a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part explains the basic concepts that govern the work topic. The practical part offers an interpretation of data obtained through qualitative research that involved nine respondents among social service workers working with the discussed target group.