This diploma thesis deals with factors which influenced successful Roma college graduates. It tries to reveal what are the reasons why these Roma people managed to defy statistics and get a college diploma. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part it acquaints readers with professional literature and with its resources. Particular chapters pursue factors which have a direct connection with Roma education - Roma family, which strongly determines children's value system, Roma traditions and customs, Roma language, basic legislation and famous Roma personalities. The practical part, using a questionnaire, tries to determine the most important factors which influenced Roma college graduates during their lives. The goal of the research is to find out whether and to what extent particular factors interfered with academically successful Roma people's decision making. From the research part, it is apparent that the two main factors were positive motivation from their parents and a vision of a higher salary.

Cette thèse, menée auprès de deux campi nomadi de Rome (Italie), se situe dans une approche sociolinguistique qui souhaite rendre compte de la pluralité et de l’hétérogénéité des pratiques langagières observées auprès des habitants roms. Pour en saisir la complexité et la diversité, il s’agit d’abord de comprendre l’espace social où ces pratiques ont été observées. Le campo, en tant que lieu de vie anthropologique et terrain d’enquête sera donc compris en tenant compte des relations humaines qui s’y tissent et des places que l’on désigne à l’Autre ou que l’on s’octroie. L’objectif est de procéder par « fragmentation » (Lorcerie, 2009), de s’intéresser aux représentations et aux discours individuels pour rendre compte de l’hétérogénéité des pratiques. Il s’agira également de passer par un travail de déconstruction et de compréhension des mécanismes d’ethnicisation et d’assignation identitaire, sociales et linguistique qui participent à l’élaboration de catégorisations autour des groupes roms. Cette recherche part donc d’un espace social spécifique, d’un « specialismo » italien (Tosi, 2007) pour fournir une analyse des pratiques socio-langagières fragmentées de ses habitants et rendre compte de leur « expérience plurielle de la parole » (Canut, 2007). / This doctoral research, carried out in two campi nomadi (Rome, Italy) is underpinned by a sociolinguistic approach that aims to analyse the plurality and heterogeneity of language practices observed among Roma inhabitants. Grasping the complexity and diversity of these practices requires an undertanding of the social space where they take place. The campo, as an anthropological living place and fieldwork will therefore be understood taking into account the human relations that emerge and the places that the Other is assigned or those one grants oneself. The objective is to proceed by "fragmentation" (Lorcerie, 2009), focusing on representations and individual discourses to account for the heterogeneity of practices. This also involves a process of deconstruction and comprehension of the mechanisms of ethnicization and identity, and of social and linguistic assignment that contribute to the development of categorizations of Roma groups. This research therefore starts from a specific social space, from an Italian "specialismo" (Tosi, 2007) so as to provide an analysis of the fragmented sociolinguistic practices of its inhabitants and to expound the "plural experience of their speech" (Canut, 2007)

I denna uppsats behandlas strukturell diskriminering av romska barn i utbildningsystemet i tre europeiska länder. Syftet med uppsatsen är tvåfaldigt. Det ena syftet är att jämföra Sveriges, Rumäniens och Tjeckiens arbete för att motverka diskriminering gällande romska barns rätt till utbildning på samma villkor som andra samt undersöka om arbetet främjar rättvisa för de romska barnen. Det andra syftet är att undersöka vilka fler åtgärder länderna bör genomföra för att bryta diskrimineringen och främja rättvisa. Uppsatsen är uppbyggd utifrån en förståelse av att mänskliga rättigheter har en juridisk dimension, en politisk och en moralisk. Med anledning av detta fastställs gällande rätt och de politiska åtgärderna. Vidare analyseras rätten men framförallt politiken utifrån ett perspektiv på rättvisa för att belysa moralen. Detta rättviseperspektiv har inspirerats av Nancy Fraser. Ett främjande av rättvisa innebär enligt detta perspektiv att förändra de strukturer i utbildningsystemet som är förtryckande och dominerande gentemot romska elever. Dessa strukturer utgör nämligen hinder för romska barn att delta som jämlikar i utbildningen. Detta görs för att undersöka om ländernas arbete främjar rättvisa för romska barn då det i uppsatsen hävdas att det också motverkar strukturell diskriminering. I uppsatsen dras slutsatsen att inget av länderna förändrar de strukturer som utgör hinder för romska barns jämlika deltagande. Detta innebär att länderna inte lyckas främja rättvisa och därför inte heller lyckas bryta den strukturella diskrimineringen. Uppsatsen avslutas med en diskussion om vilka åtgärder länderna bör genomföra för att främja rättvisa och bryta den strukturella diskrimineringen. / In this essay, structural discrimination of Roma children in the education system is dealt with in three European countries. The purpose of the thesis is twofold. One of the aims is to compare the work of Sweden, Romania and the Czech Republic to prevent discrimination against Roma children's rights to education on the same terms as others, and to investigate whether the work promotes justice for the Roma children. The second purpose is to investigate which more measures the countries should implement to break discrimination and promote justice. The essay is based on an understanding that human rights have a legal dimension, a political and a moral one. In view of this, the applicable law and policy measures are established. Furthermore, the law is analyzed, but above all the policy measures from a perspective of justice to highlight morality. This justice perspective is inspired by Nancy Fraser. In this perspective, promoting justice means changing the structures of the education system that are oppressive and dominant towards Roma students. This structures hinder Roma children from participating as equals in education. This is done to investigate whether the countries' work promotes justice for Roma children since it is stated in the essay that it also counteracts structural discrimination. The essay concludes that none of the countries change the structures that hinder the equal participation of Roma children. This means that the countries does not succeed in promoting justice and therefore does not succeed in breaking the structural discrimination. The thesis concludes with a discussion of what measures the countries should implement to promote justice and break the structural discrimination.

The diploma thesis is focused on preventive activities in the context of social work with youth at risk and their implementation in NZDM (low-threshold facility for children and youth) at SaSM-DDM ČB (Salesian Centre for youth-children and youth centre in České Budějovice). The aim of the thesis is based on research and on available literary sources to mapp the development of preventive activities in NZDM at SaSM-DDM ČB, their functionality and consequences in efficiency on social environment and social functionality of clients of NZDM. The research was carried out by a qualitative method, using semistructured interviews. In the thesis, there is the term "low-threshold" specified, focusing on the NZDM. The thesis defines the topic of prevention of social failure and of preventive activities directed from employers towards employees. The work also presents the social pathological phenomena that occur in the target group of NZDM at SaSM-DDM ČB. Also, the target group of NZDM at SaSM-DDM ČB is discussed in the context of its life situation. Finally, there are ethical dilemmas related to preventive activities or the legal obligation of NZDM. Almost the entire period of function of the NZDM at SaSM-DDM ČB was mapped in this thesis and it was concluded that the preventive activities are still developing and responding to the needs of clients.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leisa Boreli Prizon.pdf: 579099 bytes, checksum: 69b6c7fb5866f9aa45284179e5c56b9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-16 / This study aims to examine the International Criminal Court in the face of the Brazilian Constitution of 1988. This Court established by the Rome Statute in 1998, entered into force in 2002 when it was deposited the sixtieth document of ratification required for initiating the work. The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 is based on the dignity of the human person, governing themselves in their international relations for the peaceful solution of conflicts, defence of peace and prevalence of Human Rights. Given these pleas and the provisions of Article 7 of the Constitutional Act of the Transitional Provisions, Brazil ratified the Rome Statute in 2002, subject to the International Criminal Court by Constitutional Amendment No 45, 2004. This move to the study of the apparent conflict between the International Criminal Court and the constitutional arrangements taken as obstacles to the effectiveness of the International Criminal Jurisdiction. Among the topics covered are the immunities, sovereignty, the penalty of life imprisonment, extradition and other institutes. The themes were addressed on the basis of the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 / O presente trabalho visa analisar o Tribunal Penal Internacional em face da Constituição Brasileira de 1988. Tal Tribunal estabelecido pelo Estatuto de Roma em 1998, entrou em vigor em 2002 quando foi depositado o sexagésimo documento de ratificação exigido para dar início aos trabalhos. A Constituição Federal Brasileira de 1988 possui como fundamento a dignidade da pessoa humana, regendo-se nas suas relações internacionais pela solução pacífica dos conflitos, defesa da paz e, prevalência dos Direitos Humanos. Diante destes fundamentos e do disposto no artigo 7º do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias, o Brasil ratificou o Estatuto de Roma em 2002, submetendo-se ao Tribunal Penal Internacional pela Emenda Constitucional n° 45 de 2004. Com isso passamos ao estudo dos aparentes conflitos entre a Corte Penal Internacional e os dispositivos constitucionais tidos como obstáculos para a efetivação da Jurisdição Penal Internacional. Dentre os temas tratados estão as imunidades, a soberania, a pena de prisão perpétua, a extradição e outros institutos. Os temas foram abordados com fundamento na Constituição Federal Brasileira de 1988

5 ABSTRACT Romani folk song is not generally known among Czech population, which is a reason why this thesis in its theoretical part tries to familiarize with its origin, describe historical development of Romani music and divide songs according to functions and close geographical areas of its occurrence, so that a comprehensive picture can be created for the readers. The following part brings analysis of five Romani dance songs, which are described musically, textually and semantically. This section is based on various songbooks and audio recordings to create as authentic a version of a song as possible. The songs are enriched of sheet music together with lyrics and harmonisation for better possibilities of their application. The thesis continues with a suggestion of eventual means of application of Romani folk songs in vocal, musical and physical education. Moreover, there are described analysed songs with Romani scatting suggestions, typical features of expression, dance steps and rhythmical moves, which are typically observed in Romani culture. The dance steps are added in a form of textual description as well as short video recordings to become easily comprehensible. The main aim of the work is to point out the vibrant and energetic character of Romani songs, to unite Roma with majority population and...

The diploma thesis "Issue of integrating children from socially disadvantaged ambience to nursery school" deals with the inclusive process of children from the socio-economically disadvantaged environment placed to nursery schools. The thesis describes the legislative framework of inclusion and the social environment of the Czech society. This work also deals with the Roma community, which makes up a large proportion of people with socio-economic disadvantage. It defines the role of the teacher in the inclusion of children from a socially disadvantaged environment and the position of the teacher assistant. The research part deals with the inclusive process of specific children at nursery school in the city with high unemployment. It also monitors the approach of individuals involved in the inclusive process and suggests possible changes that could lead to its improvement.

A Península Ibérica sempre foi berço de civilizações importantes durante toda a antiguidade, o processo de hibridismo ocorrido culturalmente nesta região é sem dúvida base para trabalhos importantíssimos, o que não seria diferente na Antiguidade Tardia. Figuras de suma importância histórica contribuíram para a formação de novas ideias e conceitos que buscamos compreender em nossos estudos. Dentre estas figuras destacamos Isidoro de Sevilha, bispo de suma importância para o estudo do sec.VI, pois, através da definição do termo “Rex”, busca em muitos momentos a fixação de preceitos de humildade, caridade, bondade. Sua visão, através da observação dos atos do Rei Recareto, e tendo este como modelo principal, nos leva a analisar o real papel do Rex Maximus neste panorama catequético, como este usa de sua influência social – como líder guerreiro – para trazer para um só lado, toda uma população que possui crenças próprias e diferenciadas em um espaço geográfico mais amplo. Para isto, buscaremos através da visão Isidoriana este ideal Real para o Reino Visigodo e os principais impactos na iconografia do período dentro das cunhagens visigodas, como facilitador do processo catequético e como símbolo de confiança do Rei Legitimado para com seu povo neste momento de mudanças e fixações de novos pensamentos religiosos e políticos. Junto a esta analise realizaremos a criação de um objeto de aprendizagem que vem como facilitador do entendimento dos alunos do ensino básico sobre este assunto, como um jogo de RPG digital, buscaremos apresentar a história dos godos neste recorte temporal e territorial. / The Iberian Peninsula has always been the birthplace of important civilizations throughout antiquity, and the process of culturally occurring hybridism in this region is undoubtedly the basis for very important works, which would not be different in Late Antiquity. Figures of historical importance contributed to the formation of new ideas and concepts that we seek to understand in our studies. Among the figures we highlight Isidore of Seville, bishop of paramount importance for the study of sec.VI, since, through the definition of the term "Rex", he seeks in many moments the fixing of precepts of humility, charity, kindness. His vision, through the observation of the acts of King Recapture, and having this as the main model, leads us to analyze the real role of Rex Maximus in this catechetical panorama, as this uses of his social influence - as a warrior leader - to bring one side, an entire population that has its own distinctive beliefs in a wider geographic space. For this, we will seek through Isidorian vision this Real ideal for the Visigoth Kingdom and the main impacts on the iconography of the period within the Visigothic coinage, as a facilitator of the catechetical process and as a symbol of trust of the Legitimate King towards his people in this moment of change and fixations of new religious and political thoughts. Together with this analysis we will create a learning object that comes as a facilitator of the understanding of elementary school students on this subject, as a digital RPG game, we will try to present the history of the Goths in this temporal and territorial clipping.

Les principaux stéréotypes relatifs aux Gypsies présents dans la presse britannique contemporaine sont fermement enracinés dans une perception historique homogène et persistante faite d’incompréhension envers cette communauté ethnique non-indigène, dépréciée et rejetée depuis près de six siècles. L’examen de l’histoire du peuple romani - à partir de la migration hors de l’Inde jusqu’à la tentative de génocide sur le continent européen entre 1933-1945 - permet d’éclairer l’attitude de la presse britannique envers la minorité romani (gypsy). On peut être frappé par la ténacité et la prégnance des préjugés et stéréotypes et l’évolution constatée pendant la période étudiée n’en est que plus significative. Le thème dominant demeure le mode de vie non-sédentaire qui déclenche l’hostilité envers les Gypsies et Travellers souvent présentés comme un groupe social marginal, soucieux de profiter d’un statut de minorité ethnique pour servir ses intérêts propres et sans offrir en retour une contribution à l’harmonie et à la prospérité de la société dans son ensemble. Mais l’antithèse - qui les présente comme victimes de préjugés ainsi que de lois inadaptées à leur héritage culturel - tend à prendre de l’ampleur. Une politique plus compréhensive adoptée par le gouvernement New Labour, dans le cadre de sa promotion de la diversité et du multiculturalisme, conjuguée avec une mobilisation des communautés gypsy et traveller (utilisant notamment les nouvelles technologies et s’appuyant sur les groupes de pression) ont permis de noter une amélioration récente du statut de ces minorités de tradition non-sédentaire et l’évolution concomitante de leur couverture par une partie de la presse reflète et renforce à la fois ce changement. Les progrès constatés dans la situation réelle des communautés gypsy et traveller et dans leur représentation médiatique demandent à être confortés mais ils semblent bien acquis et notamment être de nature à faciliter la résistance à la politique moins favorable menée par le gouvernement de coalition depuis 2010. / Gypsies (or Romanies) have been denigrated and rejected for nearly six hundred years and the consistent historical perception of stereotyping and misunderstanding of this non-indigenous ethnic community is perpetuated by the contemporary British press. Romani history, from migration out of India to the genocide in Europe in the 20th century and more contemporary events has set the backdrop against which contemporary society and the British press have adopted a tenacious and pervasive attitude of stereotyping and prejudice towards the Romani (Gypsy) minority, a trend which will be evident in the analysis provided by this thesis. The dominant theme is the non-sedentary lifestyle that has triggered the hostility of ‘respectable’ sedentary society against Gypsies as well as Travellers. The minority, marginalised groups can sometimes be portrayed as being intent on using their minority status for personal gains whilst not contributing to the harmony and prosperity of society as a whole. The antithesis, which seems to be gaining ground, presents them as victims of prejudice as well as of laws which are incompatible with their cultural heritage. The New Labour government adopted comprehensive policies to address the promotion of diversity and multiculturalism and, together with the mobilisation of the Gypsy and Traveller communities (notably aided by the use of new technologies and the support of pressure groups), there have been recent improvements of the status of these traditionally non-sedentary communities, and the simultaneous development of their coverage by a part of the press both reflects and reinforces this change. The British press has represented Gypsy and Traveller communities more favourably of late, with the progress and gains afforded by New Labour. Those gains must be consolidated and sufficiently robust to resist the less favourable policies of the coalition government since 2010.

La Hongrie est membre de l’Union Européenne depuis le premier mai 2004. Après les premières élections libres du printemps 1990, les gouvernements successifs ont entamé et mené à bien les préparatifs d’adhésion en se conformant aux critères de Copenhague de 1993. Le propos de cette thèse est d’examiner les transformations politiques, économiques et sociales sur une longue période [1990-2009] afin de mettre en évidence la complexité des relations entre l’intégration européenne et une démocratie moins stable qu’on ne le pensait, d’autant que la question rom révèle non seulement la persistance, mais encore la prospérité d’idées nationalistes et racistes. / Hungary has been a member of the European Union since May 1st, 2004. After the first free elections in spring 1990, governments began and achieved the entry process to the European Union following the 1993 Copenhagen criteria. This thesis aims to examine the political, economical and social transformations in the scope of a long era [from 1990 to 2009] in order to show the complexity of the relations pertaining to the European integration and a less stable democracy than one thought, especially since the Roma question reveals not only persisting but also flourishing nationalistic and racist ideologies.