O objetivo principal dessa dissertação foi analisar o processo de formação do JUMAFI (Jovens Unidos para a Mobilização da Fazenda Ipanema), grupo de jovens do assentamento rural da Fazenda Ipanema, localizada no município paulista de Iperó, motivados pela busca a alternativas de geração de renda ambiental e socialmente sustentável, sob a luz da Educação Ambiental. Deste modo, concluí ser necessário construir uma análise a partir de uma visão de complementaridade de ações, da compreensão da lógica da ação coletiva dos grupos sociais existentes na comunidade e de uma análise comportamental sobre as iniciativas e a história de formação dos grupos locais, das experiências coletivas vividas pelos agricultores, e, principalmente, através da experiência vivida pelos jovens na organização do JUMAFI. Centrei minha análise na noção de participação e organização social, analisando a formação dos grupos e os aspectos da vida cotidiana. Utilizando elementos da pesquisa social qualitativa, e outros procedimentos da pesquisa participante, realizei o acompanhamento no desenvolvimento destes grupos, a fim de apreender os elementos que favorecem ou impedem a ação coletiva em grupos de jovens, buscando perceber as fortalezas e oportunidades vistas por eles no trabalho coletivo.Esta pesquisa esteve dividida em dois momentos: Tempo 1- que se refere ao momento da observação participante e de entrevistas, em que se deu o contato com os jovens do assentamento, o início do envolvimento, a formação do grupo JUMAFI e, também, todo o planejamento das ações do grupo; e Tempo 2 - momento de acompanhamento do desenvolvimento do grupo JUMAFI, momento da ação dos jovens, da gestão das idéias, a fim de colocar em prática as atividades planejadas. No momento 1 da pesquisa, o grupo grande (JUMAFI) demonstrou grande dificuldade em lidar com o trabalho coletivo, em colocar em prática o planejamento da atividades previstas para o grupo, assim como em manter a convivência e a freqüência nos encontros entre os membros do grupo. Aspectos como confiança, afetividade, afinidade e respeito foram elementos identificados por eles como fundamentais para o êxito de um trabalho dessa natureza. No segundo momento da pesquisa, embora o grupo JUMAFI tenha optado por continuar o trabalho para a busca de alternativas de geração de renda, foi dada ênfase a um novo formato, através de grupos pequenos de afinidade e convivencialidade. Concluindo, foi possível perceber que o tamanho do grupo e os aspectos de convivencialidade têm uma forte influência nos aspectos de formação, organização e gestão do espaço coletivo, bem como a forma com que os indivíduos percebem a natureza e estabelecem seus vínculos de respeito e afeto. O trabalho com jovens e o formato pequeno de grupos favorece a participação em grupo, proporciona um senso de responsabilidade maior pelo trabalho, favorece a organização voluntária, os laços afetivos e de troca, havendo espaço para uma participação mais democrática, favorecendo a autonomia dos participantes e a formação de novas lideranças na comunidade. Os grupos se organizam para a auto-expressão, possibilitando maior troca entre os integrantes e maior franqueza nos sentimentos ligados à participação coletiva. Além disso, esse tipo de organização pode, futuramente, favorecer a ação articulada junto à comunidade, permitindo uma atuação em rede. O arranjo metodológico, utilizando elementos da pesquisa participante e da pesquisa qualitativa, favoreceu a participação dos jovens, possibilitando maior expressão dos participantes em relação à pesquisa. Tendo em vista estes resultados, refleti ainda sobre o papel da intervenção social em trabalhos de Educação Ambiental, concluindo que estas intervenções devem estar apoiadas em um referencial teórico elaborado com base nas necessidades sentidas em campo, podendo ser o caminho para a implementação de um processo educativo continuado e não apenas uma. / The main aim of this dissertation was analyzing the process of formation of the JUMAFI (Teenagers United for the Mobilization of the Ipanema Farm), group of teenagers from the rural sitting on the Ipanema Farm, located in the city of Iperó, in São Paulo state, motivated by the search for alternatives of environmentally and socially sustainable income generation, under the light of the Environmental Education. Thus, I concluded that there is a necessity of building an analysis from a starting view of complementing of actions, from the comprehension of the logics of collective actions from social groups in the community and from a behavioral analysis about the initiatives and the history of the local groups' formation, the collective experiences and, mainly, through the experience gathered by the teenagers in the organization of the JUMAFI. I centered my analysis in the notion of social> participation and organization, analyzing the groups' formation and the aspects of daily life. Using elements from the qualitative social research, and other procedures of participative research, I performed the attendance in the development of these groups, for collecting the elements that favor or prevent the collective action in groups of teenagers, seeking to realize the strength and opportunities seen by them in the collective work. This research is divided in two parts: Part 1 – referred to the participative observation moment and interviews, when there was a contact with the teenagers from the sitting, the beginning of the involvement, the formation of JUMAFI and, also, all the group’s action planning; and Part 2 – moment of attendance of the JUMAFI development, moment of the teenagers’ action, of the ideas management, for putting into practice the planned activities. On the first part, the large group (JUMAFI) showed great difficulty in dealing with the collective work, in putting into practice the planned activities for the group, likewise keeping the living together and the frequency on the meetings between the members of the group. Some aspects like confidence, affectivity, affinity and respect were the elements identified by them as fundamental for the success of a work like that. On the second part of the research, though JUMAFI group has decided to keep the search for income generation activities, there was an emphasis to a new format, through small groups of affinity and living together. Concluding, it was possible to notice that the group size and the living together aspects have a strong influence on the formation, organization and collective space management aspects, like the way the individuals notice the nature and establish their ties of respect and affection. The work with groups of teenagers and the small groups format favor the group participation, provide a stronger sense of responsibility at work, favor the voluntary organization, the affective ties and changing, making room for a more democratic participation, favoring the participants autonomy and the formation of new leaderships in the community. The groups organize themselves for the self-expression, allowing a greater changing among the participants and a higher level of frankness about the feelings connected to the collective participation. Besides, this kind of organization can favor the articulate action at the community level, allowing a network action. The methodological arrangement, using elements of the participative and qualitative research, favored the teenagers' participation, allowing a bigger commitment of the participants to the research. Having in mind these results, I reflected about the role of social intervention in Environmental Education works, concluding that these interventions must be supported by a theoretical referential, elaborated based on the field necessities, being the way for the implementation of an educational process and not only a punctual intervention in field. Finally, I conclude that the Environmental Education, based on a practical and theoretical basis, can be the area of knowledge able to contribute effectively for the process of autonomy and management for groups of teenagers in search of opportunities on the rural, social and environmental sustainable field.

O presente trabalho toma por objeto a operacionalização do conceito de classes por meio da definição de variáveis para classificação da população em grupos sociais. O estudo apóia-se no arcabouço teórico-metodológico da Epidemiologia Crítica que fundamenta-se numa compreensão de saúde e doença que coloca no centro da explicação dos determinantes da saúde, o trabalho - a produção capitalista e, a ele subordinado, a vida - o consumo sob o comando do processo de acumulação capitalista. Esta investigação pretende averiguar a capacidade das variáveis de trabalho e vida - reprodução social de mostrar as diferenças de reprodução social das famílias e apoiar a operacionalização do conceito de classe na contemporaneidade. Tem por objetivos específicos: a) levantar por meio de inquérito domiciliar variáveis de reprodução social de famílias que vivem em diferentes espaços sociais de uma cidade da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo; b) analisar o comportamento dessas variáveis de reprodução social quanto à sua capacidade para formar grupos com semelhantes formas de trabalhar e de viver; c) construir um índice de reprodução social capaz de mostrar as diferenças de reprodução social entre as famílias no micro espaço. Partiu-se de arcabouço proposto na literatura, para criar grupos sociais homogêneos, definindo-se um conjunto de 37 variáveis de formas de trabalhar e de viver, que foram coletadas em uma amostra de 589 famílias de Santo André. A amostra foi definida proporcionalmente de acordo com quatro grupos sociais de Santo André - grupo central, quase central, quase periférico e periférico - divididos a priori por meio de estudo anterior. Dessa forma, a totalidade das famílias divididas em grupos sociais foi entrevistada por meio de questionário com variáveis de produção e de consumo. Tais variáveis submetidas à análise estatística demonstraram que, desse conjunto, a dimensão da produção foi definida pela condição de atividade do chefe de família, qualificação da ocupação e curso preparatório para o trabalho. Já a dimensão do consumo foi definida pelas variáveis propriedade da residência, número de cômodos para dormir, acesso a serviço público de esgoto, legalidade do acesso à água e luz, pagamento de IPTU e culto como atividade de lazer. A partir dessas variáveis capazes de classificar as famílias foram então gerados quatro novos grupos e construído o Índice de Reprodução Social - IRS que se mostra um importante instrumento capaz de mostrar as diferenças de reprodução social de modo a possibilitar o mapeamento dos perfis de reprodução social no micro espaço que, em conjunto com os perfis de saúde-doença, proporciona a construção dos perfis epidemiológicos que embasem tanto o planejamento no âmbito do serviço de saúde quanto o planejamento de políticas públicas voltadas para os determinantes sociais do processo saúde-doença. / This work takes as its object of study the operationalization of the concept of classes by defining cutoff variables for classifying the population in social groups. The study is based upon theoretical and methodological of critical epidemiology is based on an understanding of health and illness by focusing the explanation of health determinants, work - the capitalist production - and subordinated to it, life - consumption under the command of the capitalist accumulation process. This research aims to assess the overall potential of work-life variables - social reproduction - to show class inequalities and support the operationalization of the concept of classes in contemporary society. Its specific objectives: a) take a household poll on the variables of social reproduction of families living in different social spaces in a city in the metropolitan region, b) analyze the behavior of these social reproduction variables on their ability to form groups with similar forms of working and living; c) construct a social reproduction index able to show the differences of social reproduction among families in micro space. It started from the framework proposed in the literature to form homogenous social groups, defining a set of 34 variables on the ways of working and living, which were collected in a sample of 589 families from Santo André. The sample was proportionally defined according to four social groups from Santo André - the central group, almost central, peripheral and almost peripheral - a priori divided by the previous study. Thus, all the families divided into social groups were interviewed using a questionnaire with variables of production and consumption. These variables were subjected to statistical analysis which showed that in this scenario, the dimension of the forms of work was defined by the activity status of the household head, occupation qualification, and preparatory courses for the job. The dimension of the forms of living was defined by the variables: residence ownership, access to public sewage service, legal access to water and light, church services as a leisure activity, payment of property taxes and number of rooms for sleeping. Then, we generated four new groups. Based on these powerful variables to characterize the groups, we were able to build the Social Reproduction Index - SRI - able to show the social reproduction differences among families in the micro-space of the area covered by a Basic Health Unit. It has to be noticed that the variables were not analyzed from their behavior in the four isolated groups, but from the relationship among them and the way this relationship is given in each group. The SRI seems to be a powerful tool for the classification of families in order to enable the mapping of social reproduction profiles in micro space that along with profiles of health and disease provides the construction of the epidemiological profiles able to bolster both the planning within the health service and the planning of public policies aimed to the social determinants of health-disease process.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar uma proposta de educação para o envelhecimento voltada para pessoas que estão nesta fase da vida. Pretendeu-se aprofundar a compreensão a respeito dos aspectos psíquicos doenvelhecimento e das demandas de uma parcela desta população para construir uma proposta de intervenção. A abordagem da pesquisa foi qualitativa. Foram realizadas três etapas de trabalho de campo. Inicialmente, foram aplicados questionários para quinze participantes de um curso da Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Em seguida, foram realizados quatro encontros em grupo com três mulheres, com idades entre 57 e 64 anos, ex-participantes da Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Por fim, foram realizados cinco encontros em grupo com seis mulheres, entre 60 e 70 anos de idade, frequentadoras de uma associação com atividades para a terceira idade, nazona leste da capital. Para compreensão dos dados, os encontros foram analisados separadamente e foram destacados os temas emergentes de todas as etapas de coleta de dados. As temáticas foram analisadas com base nos eixos teóricos propostos pela Psicologia do Desenvolvimento, dos estudos de educação em relação às perdas e à morte, bem como de abordagens em grupo com idosos. Os principais conteúdos emergentes foram: elaboração das perdas e das mudanças advindas do processo de envelhecimento; mudanças nos papéis familiares; diferenças de gênero na velhice; comunicação, aprendizagem e prevenção no grupo, além de sugestões para a organização prática deste tipo de intervenção. Considerou-se que o grupo de reflexão se mostrou como espaço educativo, terapêutico, preventivo e de estímulo a cuidados com qualidade de vida e saúde mental no processo de envelhecimento / This study investigates a proposal for education for aging people who are facing this stageof life.It was intended to deepen understanding about the psychological aspects of aging and the demands of a portion of this population to build a proposed intervention. The research approachwas qualitative. There were three stages of fieldwork. Initially, questionnaires were administered to fifteen participants in a courseat the Open Universityof the Third Age of the Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo.Then, four meetings were heldwith a group ofthree women, aged between 57 and 64 years, students of the Open University of theThird Ageof the Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo.Finally, five meetings were heldwith a group of six women between 60 and 70 years old attending at an association with activities for senior sin the east area of the São Paulo. Tounderstand the data, the meetings were analyzed separately andwere chosen emerging issues in all stages of data collection.Thethemes were analyzed based ontheoretical axesproposed by developmental psychology, studies of educationin relation tolossand death, as well as approachestothe elderlygroup. Themain contentswere: developmentof lossesand changesresulting from theaging process, changes in family roles, gender differencesin old age, communication, learning and preventionin the group, as well as suggestions for thepractical organizationof this type ofintervention.It was felt that the focus group proved as educational space, therapeutic, preventive care and stimulating quality of life and mental healthin the aging process

Orientadores: Anna Christina Bentes da Silva, Edwiges Maria Morato / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T03:57:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_RafahelJeanParintins_M.pdf: 2300492 bytes, checksum: 80c89200029eb9b405958ab9a7b3ec3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Nesta dissertação, discutimos o papel de processos cognitivo-discursivos na identificação de perspectivas sociais presentes em um grupo social composto por pesquisadores e afásicos. Objetivamos analisar movimentos convergentes e divergentes de ações cognitivo-discursivas realizadas em entrevistas de caráter temático (ALBERTI, 2004) com participantes do Centro de Convivência de Afásicos (CCA), situado no Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem (IEL/UNICAMP): um centro de interação social entre pessoas afásicas e não afásicas. Elaboramos um protocolo de entrevista que tematizou a definição, a organização grupal e a experiência individual e coletiva do CCA. Aplicamos esse protocolo em 2 (dois) sujeitos afásicos e 2 (dois) pesquisadores de um dos grupos que compõem o CCA. Por meio da análise da estruturação grupal e da produção discursiva observada, procuramos mostrar a relação entre experiências, papéis sociais e ações cognitivo-discursivas. Destacamos, nas análises discursivas das entrevistas, a descrição e a inter-relação de recategorizações, processos metadiscursivos (segmentos e metaformulações) e evocações/transformações em/de frames. Notamos, ao analisar esses construtos cognitivo-discursivos, que eles se coordenam entre si de acordo com a experiência social e os papéis grupais dos sujeitos entrevistados. Identificamos e problematizamos, no tratamento dessas divergências e convergências discursivas, a noção de perspectiva (GRAUMANN, 1993; VAN DIJK, 2012 [2008]), definida como o lugar social marcado por determinadas experiências sociais. Concluímos que o aparente "fosso" existente entre as experiências sociais de cada sujeito não impede a coesão entre suas perspectivações discursivas. Nossos resultados ajudam a compreender melhor a dinâmica de perspectivas sociais dentro do grupo e a refletir sobre os estudos de organização grupal / Abstract: In this thesis, we discuss the role of cognitive/discursive processes in the identification of social perspectives in a group composed by researchers and aphasics. We aim at analyzing cognitive/discursive actions carried out in thematic interviews (ALBERTI, 2004) with participants of the Social Center of Aphasics (CCA), located at the Language Studies Institute (IEL/UNICAMP) ¿ a center for social interactions among aphasic and non-aphasic people. We elaborated an interview about the group organization and the collective/individual experiences carried out in CCA. We interviewed 2 (two) aphasics and 2 (two) researchers, members of CCA. By means of the analysis of the group structure and the discursive production, we show the relationship among social experiences, roles and cognitive/discursive actions. Results show the inter-relation among re-categorizations, meta-discursive processes and activation of frames. In analyzing these processes, we noted that there is coordination among them, according to social experiences and roles that participants have in the group. We identified and questioned the notions of social perspective (GRAUMANN, 1993; VAN DIJK, 2012 [2008]) defined as the social location marked by some social experiences. We concluded that the existent "gap" among the involved social experiences does not prevent the cohesion among perspectives. Our results collaborate to the study of group organization and the dynamics of social perspectives in group / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

No description available.

Magister Educationis - MEd / This theses examined adult learners' experiences of group work in management education. Group work is an integral part of learning and teaching methods at most business schools because it develops team skills demanded by today's workplace. Furthermore, group work in education is grounded in the belief that much learning happens through social interaction and that diversity within groups promotes learning. This study analysed learners' group experiences in a business school. The study also aimed to identify conditions that hinder and promote group interaction with a view to enhance learning. / South Africa

Intergroup conflicts are rife in public schools and often the bone of contention is promotional posts. These conflicts can affect the quality of teaching and learning if the focus of the teachers moves from the primary purpose of teaching to contesting senior posts. In addition, such contestation often splits the teaching staff into groups or factions. One such split is between the group made up of teachers belonging to the politically-aligned union and the group of teachers from non-politically aligned teacher unions or those not unionised at all. The School Governing Body parent-wing is often caught in conflict between these two groups as it has the legislative power to recommend appointment to the District Director. It is within this context that this study explores the perceptions of stakeholders in selected schools in Diepkloof with regard to intergroup conflict and investigates whether cadre deployment plays a role in this conflict. The findings of this study reveal stakeholders‟ perceptions that politically-aligned unions tend to exert influence to have their members promoted and, in the process, often overlook better qualified educators.

The results of an ethnohistorical study of Lethbridge, Alberta led to my questioning current presumptions in the Canadian social inequality literature that social class, income, educational attainment, gender and ethnicity are principal factors in shaping social inequality in Canada. The ethnographic evidence suggests that membership criteria associated with locally-defined, historically-evolved groups mark who has political influence (a specific form of social power), and where the ensuing social inequalities lie in Lethbridge. A theoretical framework describing how historical circumstances lead to the redefinition of which socially-defined characteristics become local status markers is presented as the underlying theoretical orientation of this thesis. The framework does not preclude the possibility that social groups other than those studied in this thesis use social class, occupation, income, education, gender and ethnicity as status characteristics or group membership criteria. The framework is my attempt to clarify the often-unclear relationship among social inequality concepts. A mail-out social survey (N=238) was used to empirically test the hypothesis that Lethbridge group membership is a better predictor than social class, income, educational attainment, gender and/or ethnicity of who has political influence in Lethbridge community decision-making. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), bivariate correlation, and multiple regression. Mixed levels of support were found for the Lethbridge group hypotheses, with the "fits in" and "local trade/business people" receiving considerable support; North/South/West sider, and religious affiliation receiving some support; and Old-timers receiving no support. In contrast, the only social inequality hypothesis to receive more than minimal support was level of education. It is concluded that status characteristics are more fluid, local and historically negotiated than assumed in the social inequality literature. Suggested directions for future theoretical and empirical work include refinement of the relationships among social inequality variables and further empirical tests of the theoretical framework proposed here. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

The dissertation focuses on how to best represent the consensus and attitude dynamic of a group given the attitudes of its individuals. This is done in the Bayesian epistemology framework using pooling with imprecise probabilities, and in utility theory extending Harsanyi's aggregation theorem to characterize other directed attitudes like spite and altruism. The final part of the dissertation considers attitudes within social networks and provides explanations and simulation models for online segregation and tribalism as well as the spread of rumors through contagion. The dissertation hopes to contribute to foundational issues like that of epistemic consensus, but also to new emerging phenomena in social epistemology.

Trustworthy and accessible news content is fundamental to democracy and demanded by groups within social spaces of varying structures. News outlets have always, and continue to be in a state of development, adapting to social changes and accommodating the advances new technologies afford the structure of the industry of news.The aim of this thesis is to research the news consumption habits of Spanish undergraduate students at a time when the print newspaper industry, for many years the key disseminator of news relied upon by the general public, is in a state of financial crisis and its future, in its current form, is in jeopardy.Using a quantitative survey of 144 students and supported by a linked theoretical framework of News Consumption, Social Space and Uses & Gratifications, the study illustrates a generation of news consumers with a healthy appetite for news, whose cultural, economic and social capital are manifested via the diverse portfolio of news media they elect to consume from. Adopting a gratifications approach reveals that the efficiency and comfort mobile devices provide users for news consumption is one of the determining factors when deciding upon which forms of news disseminators respondents wish to engage with; user agency takes precedence over the notions of trust felt for the integrity of journalistic publications.The study provides a unique insight into the news consumption habits of Spanish undergraduate students enrolled in private university education, which although not representative of the wider population, is a study of an increasingly significant social group in Spain, their news consumption choices and the relation to the social space they inhabit.