TITLE Development potential of sub-functions in preschool and younger school age AUTHOR: Monika Pavelová DEPARTMENT: Special education SUPERVISOR: Mgr. Lenka Felcmanová ABSTRACT: Development of partial functions in preschool and early school age is an important part of school maturity and preparedness when entering the compulsory education. The goal of my dissertation was pointing out specific partial functions and their substance and importance. Pointing out the diagnostic methods which discover potential deficit of partial functions in preschool and early school age. Introducing the stimulus programmes on individual deficits in weakened partial functions. As a method of the research was used quantitative and qualitative research. Analysis and interpretation of the research results were implemented as well. The research was implemeted in Preparatory class of Elementary school in Prague 10. Children from the preparatory class were divided in two groups. One group was consisted of children using the stimulus programme for development of partial functions and the other group was without using the stimulus programme. The goal of my research part was to determine the development level of specific partial functions in case of children with the postponement of compulsory education in preparatory class at...

A bolsa de estudo para o ensino fundamental privado, financiada com recursos da educação pública, está prevista na CF/88 e na LDB/96 em caráter excepcional para atender ao direito público subjetivo de acesso ao ensino fundamental. Trata-se de uma excepcionalidade, pois a Lei permite o uso deste instituto sob três condições: quando não houver vaga na escola pública próxima à residência da criança, quando a criança não possuir recursos para financiar o próprio estudo em escola privada, e como conseqüência, o poder público obrigado a investir prioritariamente na solução da falta de vagas na local de moradia do aluno bolsista. Em resumo a bolsa deve ser transitória. A pesquisa tomou o caso de Nova Iguaçu/RJ, centrandose nos anos de 1997 a 2008, no entanto, mostrou que esse Município tem concedido bolsas de estudo de forma recorrente desde, no mínimo 1990, e no mesmo lugar e a crianças não necessariamente carentes, pois a maior parte delas já estava na escola quando receberam bolsa. O que caracteriza a sua ilegalidade, a sua inconstitucionalidade. A pesquisa objetivou entender a natureza da política de concessão de bolsas no âmbito deste Município. A hipótese de que a concessão de bolsas, mais do que uma resposta ao direito público subjetivo, seria uma forma de desviar recursos públicos à escola privada, pautada pelo clientelismo e pela troca de favores foi corroborada pela pesquisa. Para tanto, recorreu-se a uma combinação de métodos de pesquisa, ao paradigma indiciário e ao materialismo histórico. Procedeu-se a consultas a documentos do Município e a entrevistas com gestores da educação pública, da escola privada, políticos, lideranças sindicato dos trabalhadores da educação do Município, conselheiros na área da educação e aos próprios bolsistas. Constatou-se, sobretudo até o final de 2004, devido à forma sub-reptícia e à falta de transparência pública na sua concessão, que, até a sua extinção em 2008 pelo Governo Municipal, a sociedade civil enfrentou imensas dificuldades para exercer o papel de cidadão no controle social sobre esta política pública. / State-funded grants for private schools operating in the compulsory education sector (comprising 8 years) are provided for in the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the General Law of Education of 1996 as an exception to fulfill the public subjective right of access to the 8 years of compulsory education. This is an exception, for the law allows said grants under three conditions: when there is no place available in the State school near the child home, when the child has not funds to pay his own fees in a private school and, as a result, the State should prioritarily invest to solve the lack of places in the place of residence of the pupil with a grant. In short, the grant should be provisional. This research examined the case of the municipality of Nova Iguaçu, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, between 1997 and 2008. It found that the local government has consistently given grants since at least 1990, always in the same place and with the same schools for children not necessarily deprived, for most of them were already at school when they were given a grant, which indicates the illegal and nonconstitutional nature of the grants. The research sought to understand the nature of the grant awarding policy in this local government and confirmed the hypothesis that, the awarding of grants, far from being an answer to the subjective public right of access to education, would be a way of channelling public funds to private schools, based on clientelism and exchange of favours. To do this, the research employed a combination of research methods, the criticalhistorical approach and the index paradigm. Local government documents were examined and interviews were carried out with State education and private school administrators, politicians, leaders of the local government education workers\' union, education councillors and those legally responsible for the children who were given the grants. It was found, up to its extinction, in 2008, particularly until the end of 2004, owing to the subreptitious form and the lack of public transparency in the grant awarding, that civil society faced immense difficulties to perform the citizen role of social control over this public policy.

The thesis deals with the choice of basic school. Its aim is to find which factors affect school choice when entering first class and which factors are most important for the parents. It also focuses on parents' views, ideas and demands and on the information parents have about this issue. To fulfil these objectives the thesis uses the method of a semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The survey was conducted in five phases which were mapping the process of school choice from different perspectives.

Since the Grade 1-9 Curriculum Reform took place in 2001, performing arts curriculum at compulsory education schools of Kaohsiung had faced several difficulties in practice. At the same time, marketing of the performing arts organizations also dropped down due to economic recession. In order to solve the dilemmas of both sides, the researcher thought that a partnership between compulsory schools and performing arts groups is a worthy strategy to try. Two concepts, art education partnership and co-teaching, were used to build up a theoretical framework. It is shown that a successful partnership between a school and a performing arts organization is influenced by many factors. These factors were taken to analyze the cooperative condition happened between the compulsory education schools and the arts organizations at Kaohsiung. Meanwhile, two schools, Kaohsiung Municipal Jiachang Primary School and Kaohsiung Municipal Youchang Junior High School, were chosen as the target cases of this study after a consulting conversation with the Compulsory Education Advisory Group of the Kaohsiung Municipal Department of Education(CEAGK). Members including the school administrative personnel, school teachers, parents and students of both schools were interviewed by selective ways. Taiwan Bangzi Company and the Bean Theatre also contribute their experiences to this study. In addition, observation and document analysis were also used as methods to collect data. Major conclusions are as the following: 1. Full time teachers and appropriate teaching materials are desperately demanded for compulsory education schools at Kaohsiung , unfortunately, even hired teachers has faced job crises at this time. 2. Performing arts groups are aware of the importance to cooperate with schools. 3. Knowing the difficult condition of the performing arts curriculum at school education, the CEAGK adapted strategies to assist teachers improve their skills and employ resources outside schools. 4. ¡§Personal contact¡¨ is a common way to find a partner. No contract was made, but agendas were the only documents for the cooperation. The interview results also reveal that schools need to improve their ways in deliberating the information upon performing arts education partnership. Although to work with schools in educational project is usually the goal for arts organizations, most activities were designed under the ideology of audience development or marketing the coming performance. 5. Both the schools and the performing arts groups respond that ¡§funding¡¨ and ¡§human resource¡¨ are key issues to conquer in dealing with ¡§performing arts education partnership (PAEP).¡¨ 6. PAEP at Kaohsiung is still on the ¡§Exposure Stage¡¨, co-teaching model by an artist and a teacher is still rarely seen. No one has ever attended workshops for the PAEP. 7. Evaluation on the effectiveness of PAEP is still lacked. 8. The PAEP at Kaohsiung was influenced by many factors including policy, funding, key persons, time and the project quality. PAEP should be followed by certain ¡§educational goal.¡¨ At the time of this study, the CEAGK and the performing arts organizations have asynchronous opinions towards the PAEP.

本研究旨在探討少子化趨勢對我國國民教育師資供需之影響與相關對策。首先係從我國學齡人口結構現況及趨勢作切入，進而探究少子化趨勢對師資培育政策之影響，並分析國民教育師資供需之現況與趨勢，最後本研究藉以百分比統計、集群分析、時間序列分析、灰色預測及模糊德菲法等統計方法，分析國民教育階段師資供需之現況、預測及策略方案之評估，進而提出相關因應對策，提供政策設計者之決策參考，以期透過適當的調節與管控機制，俾利國民教育師資市場的供需均衡。 本研究依研究目的所獲得之主要研究結論有以下幾點： 一、國民教育學齡學生數之發展趨勢，已顯見受到少子化趨勢之衝擊。惟各縣市所反映之衝擊情形不同，其中以高雄市、臺北縣、基隆市、臺中市、嘉義市及臺南市等六縣市之衝擊情形最大。 二、各縣市國民小學師資人力現況受少子化趨勢之影響不一，尤其臺北市、高雄市、臺北縣、苗栗縣、臺中縣、彰化縣、南投縣、嘉義縣、 臺南縣、高雄縣、屏東縣、花蓮縣、基隆市與臺南市等縣市已呈現師資人力過剩飽和之現況。 三、各縣市國民中學師資人力現況，尚未因學齡人口數減少受明顯之衝擊，各縣市師資人力的波動情形仍屬混沌，惟其中以臺北市、彰化縣、南投縣、雲林縣、嘉義縣、屏東縣與臺南縣等屬師資人力遞減之地區。 四、以時間序列分析單變量ARIMA模式與灰色預測GM（1,1）模式進行國民教育教師人數預測之效果良好，尤其灰色預測方法平均準確率多達99％以上。 五、各縣市95-100學年度國民小學教師人數預估約減少5,703人，減少百分比為5.47％。除桃園縣、臺東縣及新竹市教師人數略有成長外，其餘各縣市教師人數皆明顯遞減，尤其南投縣、基隆市、臺北縣及屏東縣教師人數減少比率皆超過10％。 六、各縣市95-100學年度國民中學教師人數預估約增加118人，增加百分比為0.247％。其中，以臺東縣、新竹縣、嘉義市、桃園縣及澎湖縣教師人數屬穩定成長之縣市，惟雲林縣、嘉義縣、臺北市及屏東縣則屬教師人數大幅減少之縣市，其減少比率皆超過10％。 七、為期有效解決國民教育師資供需失衡之問題，於政策方案上，首要之務應先從「教師離退制度」及「教師員額編制」之體制面改革著手。 根據以上之研究結果，本研究提出以下建議，供教育行政機估決策與未來研究時之參考： 一、對教育行政機關的建議 （一）各縣市政府教育局應確實掌握未來各學年度學齡學生數之變化，並正視超額留用教師人數將逐年增加之趨勢，妥適研擬與修訂相關人事法規與制度。 （二）加強不適任教師之督導淘汰機制，推動教師專業發展評鑑，符應「專業本位、保優汰劣」之要求。 （三）健全師資培育機構組織，持續評估調節師資供需數量，落實「適量優質儲備」之措施。 （四）適當調整國民中小學教師員額編制，達成「小班小校」之理念。 （五）師資估需預測宜進行縱貫性長期研究，並委由專責單位進行全國各級學校師資推估工作。 二、對後續研究的建議 （一）在研究主題方面，可探討少子化趨勢所造成學校整併、閒置教室空間規劃、學生單位成本改變及學校行銷因應策略等議題。 （二）在研究範圍方面，可採單一縣市為研究範圍，且持續在不同的時間進行預測與評估，在研究結果之推論上將更符合現況之需求。 （三）在研究對象方面，未來之研究可針對高中職與大專校院之相對衝擊與因應策略進行研究，將使研究結果更為廣泛推論。 （四）在研究方法方面，在專家意見整合方面可改用焦點團體法或腦力激盪法；在意見調查方面可兼採質化方法。 （五）在統計方法方面，在師資供需預測方面可採以時間數列分析、模糊時間數列分析、類神經網路、多變量模糊時間數列等統計方法，藉以比較預測結果之統計差異。 / The low birth rate--the influence and strategy of the supply and demand of teacher in compulsory education Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the policy of teacher education by the point view of population composition and probe into the state of teacher supply and demand, with its trend of development. The article analyze by percentage, cluster analysis, time series analysis, grey forecasting, and fuzzy Delphi method to realize the current situation, forecast and solving strategies of teacher supply and demand bring related solving strategies. Marjor findings include the following: 1.The trend of students in compulsory education was to affect by the low birth rate. Every county in the low birth rate was different, especially the most influence were Kaohsiung city, Taipei county, Keelung city, Taichung city, Chiayi city, and Tainan city. 2.The teacher supply and demand of different counties in elementary education were not the same, especially the most saturated membership of teachers were Taipei city, Kaohsiung city, Taipei county, Miaoli county, Taichung county, Changhua county, Nantou county, Chiayi county, Tainan county, Kaohsiung county, Pingtung county, Hualien county, Keelung city, and Tainan city. 3. The teacher supply and demand of different counties in middle education were disorderly by the low birth rate influence, but these counties’ teachers development trend were cut down, including Taipei city, Chiayi county, Nantou county, Yunlin county, Chiayi county, Pingtung county, and Tainan county. 4.The ARIMA model and grey forecasting GM(1,1) model to forecasting the supply and demand of teacher were good methods, especially the grey forecasting GM(1,1) model to forecasting degree of accuracy exceeds 99 percent. 5.Elementary education is forecasted reducing rough 5,703 teachers in 95-100 session. Besides Taoyuan county, Taitung county, and Hsinchu city have growth of teachers, the others’ teachers have obvious reducing, especially Nantou county, Keelung city, Taipei county, and Penghu county reduce teachers exceeding 10 percent. 6.The earlier stage of Middle education is forecasted increase rough 118 teachers in 95-100 session. Among countries belong to the growth of teachers are Taitung county, Hsinchu county, Chiayi city, Taoyuan county, and Penghu county. However, Among countries belong to the reducing of teachers are Yunlin county, Chiayi county, Taipei city, and Pingtung county, which reducing percentage over 10 percent. 7. To solving the imbalance of teacher supply and demand must be started in teachers’ retirement and evaluation reform, and teacher membership of organization reform. Based on the finding, several recommendations were made for the superior authorities, for the governments of education administration as well as for further research.

This thesis offers critical perspectives on a history syllabus for vocational education and training (VET) tracks in Swedish upper secondary schools and adds to our knowledge and understanding of the educative function of history education for the individual and for society. The overall aim of this thesis is to critically investigate discourses that are voiced in different fields about the construction and reproduction of the history curriculum in VET tracks. A general question addressed is how vertical (critical and theoretical) and horizontal knowledge is articulated by the discourses in terms of the meaning of history in a VET context. The following four research questions were the focus of the four different studies in this thesis: How were non-vocational subjects discussed on a policy level during the post-war period, and what meanings were ascribed to history education? What aspects of history as a field of knowledge are recontextualised into a pedagogic discourse for the VET curriculum? How do teachers perceive the history syllabus? What do the students express concerning the history syllabus and history education? The results of these studies are reported in separate papers, and the aggregated results are analysed in this thesis. The data consisted of government bills and committee reports, material from the National Agency of Education archives, and interview data gathered through interviews with 5 teachers and 46 students. The major theoretical inspiration comes from Basil Bernstein whose theories of classification and framing, pedagogic discourse, pedagogic code, and vertical and horizontal discourses are used in the analysis. With the aid of these concepts, the content and meaning of history education for VET are connected to macro levels of education, and the way in which education reproduces social order when certain forms of knowledge are distributed to different groups in society is discussed. Three major conclusions are drawn. First, history as a pedagogic discourse comes forward as versatile and contradictory when the results from the studies are aggregated. There is, however, a shared understanding that the meaning of history in VET is to educate the students to become democratic and active citizens. Secondly, the investigated discourses ascribe history education with the potential to distribute critical and powerful knowledge. The students see a value for history education in their future as citizens and for giving them access the public conversation of society. A final conclusion is that the pedagogic code, embedded in the history curriculum, can be interpreted in two different ways. The emphasis on competencies and the focus on the last two hundred years can be interpreted as (A) an expression of a wish for immediate utility and thus an instrumental view of education or (B) the recontextualisation of scientific theories, concepts, and practices into a pedagogic discourse as a means to give students access to disciplinary (powerful) knowledge.

近年來，世界各國在一片不景氣的烏雲壟罩下，中國仍然逆勢成長，在各項發展上皆有出眾的表現，而探討為何中國能有如此強勁的成長動力之箇中原因，多數文獻皆指向了財政地方分權所帶來的效果，然而財政地方分權除了刺激中國的經濟成長外，是否在其他層面亦有所影響，而其效果是正抑或是負。據此，本研究將範圍縮小至中國的地方小學教育發展。 中國現行的義務教育體制，主要是由地方政府負責管理和籌措教育資金，這意味著地方義務教育發展將取決於其經濟發展水平與財政收支狀況。因此在此情形之下，提供本研究探討中國的財政地方分權化對於其地方義務教育發展之效果為何的動機。本文首先將回顧相關的理論與實證文獻，藉此作為本研究實證結果的基礎；其次，本文也將介紹與說明，近年來中國財政地方分權與義務教育之現況；最後，本研究將綜合整理1994年財政改革後，利用中國省級的追蹤資料（panel data），建立一個二因子固定效果模型（two-way fixed-effect model），並加入財政地方分權變數之平方項，以期能從中釐清財政地方分權與地方小學義務教育之間所存在的關聯性為何。 / Fiscal decentralization is considered as one of the successful institutional reforms to promote the development of China. However, some analyses of fiscal decentralization and the compulsory education in China show that the former did not improve the supply efficiency of the latter one. So the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of fiscal decentralization in China’s regional compulsory education development after the fiscal reform was implemented in 1994. Both theoretical papers and empirical papers related to the relationship between fiscal decentralization and compulsory education are reviewed. Then this study uses the panel data for 31 provinces in China during the period of 1997-2007 and the two-way fixed effects model with two different fiscal decentralization indices. Furthermore, in order to realize the precise relationship between fiscal decentralization and compulsory education, this study establishes two empirical models with the square term of fiscal decentralization as an independent variable. Finally, to reducing the mistakes occurred in positive models and enabling the study more rigorous, this study uses more methods to test the models and the result.

No description available.

The aim of this thesis was to formulate a questionnaire for respondents who were students of the first and second degrees from randomly selected primary schools in the municipality of Prostějov with extended powers, and thus evaluate the pupils' awareness of treatment with chemicals commonly used in the home. This issue is related mainly to parents of minor children. Most of them do not even know how many hazardous substances are stored at home, and how fatal accidents may be associated with them. Children are often said false information, for example, that drugs are sweeties. Nevertheless it would be sufficient to inform children about danger of chemicals. It is also necessary to think about storage of gasoline or other solution, because pet-bottle of Kofola is not a good choice. The first section of the theoretical part is devoted mainly to compulsory school system and things connected with the study at elementary schools. It describes the Framework educational programme for elementary education, curriculum and its layouts associated (connected) with the issue of human protection in emergencies. Next section focuses on the administrative districts of municipalities with extended powers. It defines basic terms such as administrative district. It describes the administrative district of municipalities with extended powers of Prostejov in detail. Another section is devoted to dangerous chemical substances. It defines basic terms such as toxicology, acute exposure, chronic exposure and more. It describes all the features according to physical security and also features of substances that are dangerous to our health. Thus the reader is aware of what information is on chemicals normally used at home. The following subsections describe dangerous chemicals used in everyday life,especially safe dealing with them. It defines the Toxicology Information Centre. In which cases people call there, what is the telephone number, what to say first and what question they ask. The most important subsection deals with storing chemical substances at home and the first aid in case of poisoning of children by individual funds. In the second part of the thesis the hypothesis of low awareness of chemicals used in households among pupils from schools in the municipality of Prostějov was formulated. The aim of the research part of the thesis was to find out if the awareness of chemicals used in ordinary households among pupils are high or low. The research was conducted at 1st and 2nd grade of primary schools. Pupils fill in the questionnaire with 13 closed questions. From the results we can see, that the awareness of chemicals used in ordinary households among pupils at 1st grade is low. The results were compiled in Excel program and were evaluated in graphs. The statistical analysis of the results was conducted in R program, where all graphic outputs were exported directly from this program and all the values were copied from the output of the program. Kruskal-Wallis test was used at the end of the statistical survey to verify hypotheses. Based on the results, we can confirm the null hypothesis, we can say that both grades have reached the same results in the questionnaire. In conclusion the thesis proposes precautions that could improve the knowledge of pupils of compulsory school attendance in manipulating with dangerous chemicals commonly used at home, and thus to prevent accidents, which continue to rise.

Submitted by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2017-11-21T17:21:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PEREIRA_Meira_2017.pdf: 1762477 bytes, checksum: 8dc22ace5e76f3cc0a902c401793b885 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2017-11-21T17:21:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PEREIRA_Meira_2017.pdf: 1762477 bytes, checksum: 8dc22ace5e76f3cc0a902c401793b885 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2017-11-21T17:22:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PEREIRA_Meira_2017.pdf: 1762477 bytes, checksum: 8dc22ace5e76f3cc0a902c401793b885 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-21T17:22:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PEREIRA_Meira_2017.pdf: 1762477 bytes, checksum: 8dc22ace5e76f3cc0a902c401793b885 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-11 / Não recebi financiamento / The objective of this study is to understand the perceptions of pre school teachers working in the city 's schools about how they perceive the ongoing formation process offered by the Education Department, after the implementation of Law 12.796 / 13 and the compulsory offer of Early Childhood Education From the age of four in the Municipal Education Network of Sorocaba (SP). Necessary or necessary referrals to the new demands of this level of education from semistructured questionnaires and interviews with teachers of the municipal teaching network. The procedural basis for the development of this research will include the bibliographical survey of the theme, the contextualization of the new organization of basic education in the national and municipal sphere through official documents. The theoretical basis was anchored in Rosemberg (2003), Kramer (2003), Real (2000). Empirical research will be oriented to the analysis of content based on Bardin (2009). We chose the quantitative and qualitative approach Minayo (1996), because it is an investigative approach, whose primary concern is to understand the phenomenon, to describe the object of study, to interpret its values and relations, not dissociating the thought from the reality of the social actors where researcher and researched are recurrent subjects, and as a consequence, active in the development of scientific research. This research may also contribute to the development of similar works in other regions of Brazil, due to its timeliness and relevant recurrence. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as percepções das professoras da educação infantil atuantes nas escolas do município sobre como estas compreendem o processo de formação continuada oferecido pela Secretaria de Educação, após a implementação da Lei 12.796/13 e a obrigatoriedade da oferta de Educação Infantil a partir de quatro anos de idade no âmbito da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Sorocaba (SP). Os encaminhamentos necessários ou imprescindíveis frente às novas demandas deste nível de ensino a partir de questionários semiestruturados e entrevistas com professoras da rede municipal de ensino. A base procedimental para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa compreendeu o levantamento bibliográfico do tema, a contextualização da nova organização da educação básica na esfera nacional e municipal por meio de documentos oficiais. A base teórica ancorou-se em Rosemberg (2003), Kramer (2003), Real (2000). A pesquisa empírica orientou-se por meio da análise de conteúdo com base em Bardin (2009). Optou-se pela abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa Minayo (1996), por se tratar de um enfoque investigativo, cuja preocupação primordial é compreender o fenômeno, descrever o objeto de estudo, interpretar seus valores e relações, não dissociando o pensamento da realidade dos atores sociais onde pesquisador e pesquisado são sujeitos recorrentes, e por consequência, ativos no desenvolvimento da investigação científica. Esta pesquisa poderá agregar ainda contribuições para o desenvolvimento de trabalhos similares em outras regiões do Brasil, visto a sua atualidade e pertinente recorrência.