Cette étude est un essai de développer la méthode ego-écologique, dans le champs de la psychologie sociale-clinique. Nous-nous référons à une analyse de contenu qualitative. Notre approche s’ancre au point de rencontre des approches postpositivistes et socio-cognitives avec les théories des Symboles de Jung et des images de Desoille. Il n’est point de lieu plus propice que pour cette rencontre que le champ de la biographie du sujet, parce que le matériaux biographique jette un point entre l’imagination et l’intellect, l’individuel et le social le discours et l’action, à travers d’une part les symboles des mots-images et d’autre part l’interaction symbolique entre chercheur et sujet de la recherche, dont elle est le produit. Notre objectif est de montrer pourquoi et comment cette partialité des techniques analytiques peut être surmontée en replaçant la fonction symboliste dans la méthode ego-écologique à travers le protocole de recherche d’une adolescente née hors mariage. Ce travail se structure en quatre parties et en plus les annexes. La première partie est consacrée des trois directions théoriques : l’ego-écologie, les théories des symboles/images et l’approche biographique. En deuxième partie nous étudions trois groupes par l’ego-écologie et la méthode biographique : la mère célibataire, la famille d’accueil et les enfants naturels. La troisième partie est consacrée aux conclusions générales et la quatrième partie présente la bibliographie. La méthode d’analyse de contenu du matériaux biographique fonctionnait chez les sujets, comme une catharsis émotionnelle, en créant des conditions plus favorables leur permettant de faire face à leurs problèmes psychosociaux. / This study its an essay to develop the ego-ecology identity method, an content analysis on the field of Social-Clinical Psychology. Our investigation treats the issues of post-positivist and socio-cognitive approaches under a point of view of the theories of Ego-ecology. Jung symbols and Desoille’s images. The field of biography approach is a convenient moment to joint with, because the biographical material bridges over imagination and intelligence, individual and social, discourse and action, though on the one hand of the symbolism between words/images and on the other hand of the symbolic interaction between investigator/individual, that is the product. Our objective will be why and how this partial analytical techniques could be surmount replaced the symbolic function of the ego-ecology method, through the protocol of an illegitimate adolescent.. The structure of this work has been divided into four parts and the annexes. On the first part is consecrated to the three central theoretical directions: the ego-ecology, the theories of symbols/images and the biographical one. On the second part we search three social groups adopted on three conditions through the methods of ego-ecology and biography: the unmarried mother, the foster family and the illegitimate children living in an institution. On the third part we present the general conclusions and on the fourth part are presented the references. The proposed content analysis technique through the critical view of the subjects themselves, provides the respondents through their biography life course in a therapeutic way towards self-observation and self-analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:09:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ana_claudia_zuanela.pdf: 546525 bytes, checksum: e675a43a34c255dd5b473c22d0c98f1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-01 / This theoretical research came from the interest in studying love passion, mainly in its páthic sense. Starting with its etymology from Classic Greek s word páthos which means passivity and suffering and is also the root of pathology, we used Freudian metapsychology to study some of love passion destinies related to its pathologycal aspects, beginning with the idea that in it, the object in put on the subject´s ideal ego. This gives passion a particular psychic dynamic. We concluded that may there be three kind of love passion: one that gives place to love (endearment), one that finishes with no great damages by self-combustion (catchment) and pathological passion, which destiny is to be prisoner of fixation, excess, pain. We tarried on the third kind of love passion, researching some of its consequences: pathological narcissism, melancholy, lack of otherness, alienation, fetishism. / Esta pesquisa teórica surgiu do interesse em estudar a paixão, especialmente no seu sentido pático. Partimos da sua etimologia originada do termo páthos da Grécia Clássica que tem o sentido de passividade e sofrimento e é igualmente o radical de patologia. Utilizamos a metapsicologia freudiana para estudar alguns dos destinos marcados pelos aspectos patológicos da paixão, começando com a ideia de que no apaixonamento o objeto é colocado no lugar do ego ideal do sujeito, lhe caracterizando uma dinâmica psíquica particular. Concluímos que pode haver três tipos de paixão: aquela que dá lugar ao amor (enamoramento), aquela que termina sem maiores danos, por autocombustão (arrebatamento) e a paixão patológica, cujo destino é ficar aprisionado à fixidez, ao excesso, ao sofrimento. Nos detivemos nesse terceiro tipo de paixão, pesquisando alguns dos seus desdobramentos: o narcisismo patológico, a melancolia, a negação da alteridade, a alienação e o fetichismo.

Introduction: Excessive self-criticism constitute a huge suffering for the individual. Clinical experiences and research indicate that the phenomenon is difficult to treat and one of the strongest obstacles against a healing process. The aim of this study is to develop grounded hypothesis of what can be useful ways of relate to and/or intervene regarding excessive self-criticism. Starting point is the experience and knowledge of licenced psychodynamic psychotherapists.  Questions:What is the experience of working with patients who suffers from excessive self-criticism? In which ways and what is it that causes this condition difficult to treat?Which clinical strategies are perceived to work, respectively not work?  Method:Six semi-structured interviews with experienced psychotherapists which were coded with thematic inductive analysis.  Results: Six themes: 1) Observe reactions suggestive of self-criticism. 2) Separate the patient from self-criticism. 3) Analyse why. 4) Be a counterforce. 5) Synthonicity and mistrust. 6) Build a counterforce within the patient.  Discussion:Based on theory and research, the discussion leads to hypothesis of useful therapeutic approaches: 1) Long experience of the phenomenon. 2) Empathic, warm relational and active stand, a reinforcing counterforce. 3) Specific interventions with the aim to activate the patient’s own empathy, compassion and trust – and to others. / Inledning:Överdriven självkritik innebär ett stort lidande för individen. Kliniska erfarenheter och forskning tyder på att fenomenet är svårbearbetat och ett av de starkaste hindren i vägen för en läkningsprocess. Syftet med studien är att utveckla grundade hypoteser om vad som kan vara användbara sätt att förhålla sig och/eller intervenera vid överdriven självkritik. Studien har som utgångspunkt psykodynamiska legitimerade psykoterapeuters erfarenheter och kunskaper.  Frågeställningar:Vad är psykoterapeutens erfarenheter av att arbeta med patienter som lider av överdriven självkritik? På vilka sätt och vad är det som orsakar att tillståndet är svårbehandlat? Vilka kliniska strategier upplevs fungera respektive inte fungera i behandlingen?  Metod:Sex semistrukturerade intervjuer, genomförda med erfarna psykoterapeuter, vilka undersöktes med tematisk induktiv analys. Resultat:Sex teman: 1) Observera reaktioner som tyder på självkritik. 2) Skilja ut patienten från självkritiken. 3) Undersöka varför. 4) Vara en motkraft. 5) Syntonicitet och misstro. 6) Bygga upp en motkraft hos patienten. Diskussion:Utifrån teori och forskningsnivån lyfts resultatdiskussionen till grundade hypoteser om användbara förhållningssätt: 1) Lång erfarenhet av fenomenet. 2) Ett empatiskt, varmt relationellt och aktivt terapeutiskt förhållningssätt och att fungera som en förstärkande motkraft. 3) Specifika interventioner i syfte att aktivera patientens egna empati, medkänsla och tillit – och gentemot andra.

Ondřej Podavka Zdeněk Brtnický of Waldstein and his diary from the years 1597−1603 (Abstract) The subject of the doctoral thesis is an in many aspects noteworthy personality of Moravian aristocrat Zdeněk Brtnický of Waldstein, one of the 30 directors in the era of rebellion of the estates. The dissertation focuses chiefly on the period of his and pre-university and university studies, for which the largest amount of the sources has been preserved, primarily his voluminous personal diary. Zdeněk Brtnický of Waldstein was born on 12 May 1582. In his very childhood he became an orphan - his father Henry Brtnický of Waldstein and on Sádek died already in 1589, followed by his wife and Zdeněk's mother Susanne Helt of Kement three years later. First place where Waldstein is known to have studied, is Lutheran noblemen's school in Velké Meziříčí, which was founded by Waldstein's grandmother Alena Helt of Kement, born Meziříčská of Lomnice. From 1592 to 1594 he studied in Jihlava, then he studied in Brzeg in Silesia for other two years and in the summer 1596, equipped with good Latin education, he moved on to Strasbourg, where he stayed for three years and attended academy. In the years 1599 he set out on the grand tour through the western and southern Europe. Having first stayed for a few weeks in Paris, he...

Les travaux conduits dans le cadre de cette thèse ont pour but d’étendre le champ de validité des simulations de trafic en milieu urbain et péri-urbain, avec notamment une meilleure prise en compte du contexte de conduite, de l’hétérogénéité des véhicules (deux-roues motorisés, véhicule léger, poids lourd, etc.) et des comportements des conducteurs en termes d’occupation de l’espace au sol. Le but est de produire en simulation des comportements observés en situation réelle tels que les phénomènes de faufilement (deux-roues, véhicules d’urgence, cas des intersections). Nous abordons, la simulation du trafic routier en considérant une approche comportementale fondée sur les systèmes multi-agents. Des travaux précédents ont proposé des solutions non génériques, notamment pour le cas particulier des deux-roues motorisés. Nous proposons un nouveau modèle d’agent permettant de mieux prendre en compte le contexte de conduite et les comportements des conducteurs en termes d’occupation de l’espace. Nous dotons l’agent d’une représentation ego-centrée de l’environnement fondée sur le concept d’affordance. Nous utilisons ainsi les affordances pour identifier les actions possibles, en termes d’occupation de l’espace, offertes par l’environnement. Nous les utilisons en- suite pour construire une représentation ego-centrée de la situation. Le modèle d’agent proposé a été implémenté avec Archisim. Cette implémentation a permis de reproduire une situation de trafic réelle et de comparer les données simulées avec celles recueillies sur le terrain. Différentes expérimentations ont été menées afin d’évaluer la qualité de la solution proposée. / The work described in this thesis aims to improve the validity of traffic simulations in urban and suburban areas. We propose to consider the driving context, the heterogeneity of vehicles (motorized two-wheelers, vehicle, truck, etc.) and the driver behavior in terms of space occupation. The purpose is to produce in simulation the observed real world phenomena such as faufilement behavior (two-wheelers, emergency vehicles, cases of intersections). We address the traffic simulation byconsidering a behavioral approach based on multi-agent systems. Previous work have proposed non- generic solutions, for the particular case of motorized two-wheelers. We propose a new agent model to better take into account the context of driving and driver behavior in terms of space occupation. We endow agent driver with an ego-centered representation of the environment based on the concept of affordances. We use the affordances to identify the possible actions, in terms of space occupation, afforded by environment. The proposed agent model was implemented with ArchiSim. This implementation has allowed to reproduce a real traffic situation and to compare the results to real data. Different experiments were conducted to assess the quality of the proposed solution.

[pt] As substâncias psicodélicas clássicas são agonistas serotoninérgicos que atuam essencialmente no sistema de neurotransmissão 5HT2A. Essas substâncias podem promover estados alterados de consciência, bem como alterações visuais, afetivas, de humor e alterações cognitivas. Historicamente, eles têm sido usados para fins ritualísticos, recreativos e medicinais. Estudos indicam que essas substâncias apresentam baixa toxicidade, baixo risco de dependência e overdose. Existe um interesse científico atual no uso dessas substâncias como tratamento para uma variedade de condições e, embora muitos estudos busquem investigar objetivamente os resultados vinculados ao seu uso, os conteúdos subjetivos da experiência dos usuários ainda são pouco explorados. Considerando que a perspectiva de primeira pessoa é central para a experiência psicodélica, esta tese buscou investigar experiências subjetivas ligadas a psicodélicos por meio de uma variedade de abordagens. Primeiramente, buscou-se adaptar e validar o Ego Dissolution Inventory (EDI), instrumento amplamente utilizado por pesquisadores para avaliar um fenômeno essencial da experiência psicodélica, para o contexto brasileiro (Artigo 1). Em seguida, buscou-se explorar relatos públicos negativos (Artigo 2) e positivos (Artigo 3) de usuários de psilocibina (princípio ativo dos cogumelos mágicos), por meio do método Reinert, que analisa quantitativamente as falas transcritas. Por fim, discutiu-se a possível influência dos estados alterados de consciência (ASC), incluindo aqueles relacionados ao uso de substâncias psicoativas, na evolução humana (Artigo 4), sugerindo futuras pesquisas para explorar essa hipótese. / [en] Classical psychedelic substances are serotonergic agonists that act essentially on the 5HT2A neurotransmission system. These substances can promote altered states of consciousness, as well as visual, affective, mood, and cognitive changes. Historically, they have been used for ritualistic, recreational, and medicinal purposes. Studies indicate that these substances have low toxicity, low risk of dependence and overdose. There is current scientific interest in the use of these substances as a treatment for a variety of conditions, and while many studies seek to objectively investigate outcomes linked to their use, the subjective contents of the experience of users is seldom explored. Since a first-person perspective is central to the psychedelic experience, this thesis sought to investigate subjective experiences linked to psychedelics through a variety of approaches. First, we sought to adapt and validate the Ego Dissolution Inventory (EDI), an instrument widely used by researchers to assess a central feature of the psychedelic experience, to the Brazilian context (Article 1). Then, we sought to explore public negative (Article 2) and positive (Article 3) reports of psilocybin (the active principle of magic mushrooms) users, through the Reinert method, which quantitatively analyses transcribed speeches. Finally, the possible influence of altered states of consciousness (ASC), including those linked to use of psychoactive substances, in human evolution was discussed (Article 4), suggesting future research to explore this hypothesis.

[pt] A presente dissertação tem por objetivo investigar o lugar do analista na clínica com indivíduos que apresentam o risco de suicídio. Para isso, lançamos mão de uma revisão de literatura e também trazemos breves vinhetas clínicas ao longo do trabalho. Efetuamos um resgate histórico realizado por George Minois sobre a problemática do suicídio e como o tema foi abordado ao longo da história. Num segundo momento recorrermos as reflexões da psiquiatria sobre as psicopatologias, tão difundidas na atualidade e a forte associação da depressão ao risco de suicídio. Posteriormente, recorremos a psicanálise inaugurada por Sigmund Freud e sua contribuição para o tema. Além disso, colhemos as contribuições dos psicanalistas Sándor Ferenczi e Donald Winnicott sobre a importância do ambiente na constituição psíquica e falhas ambientais que ocorrem nesse processo. São autores que nos auxiliaram com o conceito de trauma, clivagem do ego e falhas ambientais precoces. Por fim, ainda ancorados nas contribuições para os casos difíceis de Ferenczi e Winnicott, refletimos sobre o lugar do analista e nos debruçamos sob os conceitos de tato do analista, elasticidade da técnica e da regressão à dependência no setting analítico, além de destacarmos a importância do holding na clínica com pacientes que apresentam o risco de suicídio. / [en] This dissertation aims to investigate the role of the analyst in the clinic with individuals who are at risk of suicide. For this, we make use of a literature review and also bring brief clinical vignettes throughout the work. We carried out a historical rescue carried out by George Minois on the problem of suicide and how the theme was approached throughout history. Secondly, we turn to psychiatry s reflections on psychopathologies, which are so widespread today, and the strong association between depression and the risk of suicide. Subsequently, we turn to psychoanalysis inaugurated by Sigmund Freud and his contribution to the theme. In addition, we collect the contributions of psychoanalysts Sándor Ferenczi and Donald Winnicott on the importance of the environment in the psychic constitution and environmental failures that occur in this process. They are authors who helped us with the concept of trauma, ego cleavage and early environmental failures. Finally, still anchored in the contributions to the difficult cases of Ferenczi and Winnicott, we about the place of the analyst and address the concepts of the analyst s tact, elasticity of the technique and regression to dependence in the analytical setting, in addition to highlighting the importance of holding in the clinic with patients who present the risk of suicide.

Roboter-Ego-Noise, auch „Eigengeräusche“ genannt, sind Geräusche, die ein Roboter durch Bewegung (z. B. durch Reibung von Motoren und Aktuatoren) oder im Ruhezustand (z. B. durch Lüfter) erzeugt. Bei Robotern mit Mikrofonen kann dieses Ego-Noise die Audiosignalverarbeitung stören. Statt es wie üblich als Störfaktor zu betrachten, wird in dieser Arbeit Ego-Noise als nützliche Informationsquelle untersucht, die Einblicke in den Zustand des Roboters und seiner Umgebung bietet. Es könnte sogar dabei helfen, ähnliche Roboter zu erkennen oder deren Bewegungsmuster zu analysieren. Die Arbeit verfolgt drei Ziele: (1) geeignete Darstellungen von Ego-Noise-Merkmalen zu entwickeln, (2) sensomotorische Abbildungen mit Ego-Noise zu integrieren und (3) den Nutzen von Ego-Noise für mobile Roboter zu bewerten. Dazu werden theoretische Modelle (Vorwärts- und Inversmodelle) verwendet, die durch „motorisches Brabbeln“ – ein kindliches Explorationsverhalten – inspiriert sind. Experimente zeigen, wie Ego-Noise zur Geländeerkennung (z. B. Hangneigungen), Echolokalisierung und Bewegungssimulation eingesetzt werden kann. Zudem wird untersucht, wie Roboter synthetische Audiodaten erzeugen und über Ego-Noise miteinander kommunizieren können. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Ego-Noise die Umweltwahrnehmung und Interaktion von Robotern verbessern und neue Kommunikationsstrategien ermöglichen kann. / Robot ego-noise refers to the sounds robots generate during movement, primarily from motor and actuator friction, or even when stationary, due to components like cooling fans. This noise often interferes with audio signal processing, reducing algorithmic performance. However, this research treats ego-noise as a valuable sensory signal, offering insights into the robot’s state and surroundings. It may even assist in identifying nearby robots and analyzing their motion patterns. This thesis has three main objectives: (1) to develop computationally suitable representations of ego-noise features, (2) to create sensorimotor mappings that utilize these features, and (3) to explore ego-noise as a source of useful information for mobile robots. Using a framework of internal models, including forward (predictor) and inverse (controller) models, the study employs a learning method inspired by infant "motor babbling." It examines how ego-noise can provide information for various tasks, such as detecting terrain changes like slopes, echolocation for wall proximity, and movement imitation based on ego-noise. Additionally, the integration of forward and inverse models enables robots to synthesize audio from motion and share it with other robots. This research highlights how ego-noise can enhance robots’ environmental interaction and, when combined with other sensors, improve perception in complex scenarios.

Thesis (MDram (Drama))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aims to discuss the complementarity of Western performance training and the Toltec Teachings. It is motivated by a recognition that performers in training might often have to develop their own means to training „system‟ post-study, especially in environments where limited opportunities exist to share in group contexts, such as Jerzi Grotowski‟s Theatre Laboratory or Eugenio Barba‟s Odin Teatret. The solution of self-study (study of the self by the self) is explored in answer to this challenge. Owing to the fact that theatre commentators and practitioners often reference the need to look to alternative models or „forms of civilisation‟ for support and illumination, the potential of the Toltec Nimomashtic System - a self-motivated system for studying the self - is considered as a potential „other‟ in this regard. This study takes into account that complementarity implies both similarities and differences between the two paths in question, and considers how these might offer support to the challenge of self-study in particular, as well as the context of performance training more generally. Comparisons are made between Western performance training and the Toltec Teachings with reference to theory (ideology), aims and outcomes, and practice (methodology). Such comparative analysis reveals that sharing the characteristics of mystery, resistance and paradox enhances complementarity. This suggests that both the way of the performer and the Warriors Path are paths of exile and exclusion. They have in common a defiance of social convention and a bias toward the non-ordinary or extra daily. This is evidenced most specifically through the pursuit of presence as a state defined by absence. Perception, as a central determinant of presence, is positioned in relation to discoveries in modern physics and Barba‟s (in Christoffersen 1993: 159) synergistic „traveller of speed‟ concept, as a means to elucidation. Investigation of specific Toltec ideas and methods that offer perspectives on destructuring the ego and the worldview it sustains, are seen to support Grotowski‟s via negativa as a process of eliminating blockages that impede effective expression, as well as Barba‟s (Christoffersen 1992: 80) „refusal of culture‟ as a negation or deformation of daily behaviour. Compatible approaches to shifting perceptions of the self by the self, in order to achieve the shared outcome of presence, thus consolidate the overall complementarity of the two paths. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie bespreek die komplimentêre aard van die Westerse performance opleidingsisteme en die Tolteekse leerstellinge. Dit word gemotiveer deur die besef dat performance-studente dikwels na afloop van hul formele studie hul eie opleidingsisteem moet ontwikkel. Dit word genoodsaak deurdat daar beperkte werksgeleenthede is vir studente binne „n konteks soos Jerzi Grotowski se Teater Laboratorium of Eugenio Barba se Odin Teatret om ervarings te deel. Teatermakers en kritici verwys dikwels na alternatiewe modelle of beskawings vir ondersteuning en die Tolteekse Ninomastiese sisteem (‟n selfmotiverende sisteem van selfstudie) word in hierdie studie as alternatiewe sisteem ondersoek. Die studie neem in ag dat die komplementêre aard tussen die westerse opleidingsisteme en die Tolteekse leerstellinge ooreenkomste en verskille impliseer wat selfstudie ondersteun binne die konteks van algemene performance opleiding. Westerse opleidingsmetodes en die Tolteekse leerstellinge word vergelyk ten opsigte van die teorie (ideologie), doelstellings en uitkomstes, sowel as praktyk (metodologie). Uit hierdie vergelyking tussen die twee sisteme blyk dit dat die ooreenkomste aspekte insluit soos misterie, weerstand en paradoks wat die komplementêre aard van die sisteme bevorder en suggereer dat beide die performer- en die Krygersweg roetes van bannelingskap en uitsluiting is. Verdere ooreenkomste sluit die verset teen sosiale konvensies en die keuse van‟n buitengewone lewe in soos gesien kan word in die strewe na teenwoordigheid as ‟n toestand wat deur afwesigheid gedefinieër word. As toeligting word waarneming as ‟n sentrale bepaler vir teenwoordigheid in verhouding met ontdekkings in moderne fisika en Barba se sinergistiese “reisiger van spoed”-konsep geplaas. Die ondersoek na spesifieke Tolteekse idees en metodes bied perspektiewe om die vernietiging van die ego en die wêreldvisie wat dit ondersteun, aan te dui en ondersteun Grotowski se via negativa as ‟n proses om blokkasies af te breek wat die effektiewe uitdrukking van die akteur ondermyn, sowel as Barba (Christoffersen 1992: 80) se “werwerping van kultuur” as ‟n negering of vervorming van daaglikse handeling. Die verenigbare benaderings tot die verskuiwing van die persepsie van die self deur die self om die gemene uitkomste van teenwoordigheid te bewerkstellig, konsolideer die oorhoofse komplimentêre aard van die twee weë.

Experimental studies on willpower confirm the Strength Model of Self-Control, which claims that willpower depends on limited physiological resources. Exercising willpower depletes these resources, which impairs further exercises of willpower. This phenomenon is called “ego-depletion.” As a result, depleting these resources impairs further exercises of executive control. My thesis argues that this phenomenon has two important philosophical consequences: First, ego-depletion provides evidence against the Humean approach to motivation, according to which people always act according to their strongest desires. Second, people suffering from ego-depletion are not fully responsible for failures of self-control.