This thesis titled "The Relevance of Medical Opinion at the Commencement and Termination of Employment" deals with the need and use of medical opinions in employment relations issues. The introductory chapter briefly describes the employer's duty to take care of his employees' health as it is a part of Occupational Health and Safety rules. The following part is dedicated to the general legislation on company health care services, mainly to the Specific Health care Services Act (373/2011 Sb.). The chapters describe the system of relations between the employer and the company health care services provider which is a business relation. Then the author describes company medical examinations, specifically entrance and extraordinary medical examinations. Also formal requirements of medical opinions and their issue terms can be found it this part. The final chapter of the first part is dedicated to the possibility of medical opinions to be reviewed at administrative procedure or others; important case law is presented. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to medical opinions at commencement of employment and their relevance. The opening chapter of this second part deals with the legal situation as it was effective until October 31st , 2017 when the law required to undergo the entrance medical...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriel Lopes Coutinho Filho.pdf: 11931211 bytes, checksum: 35f4108d1416dbbe44ec2b062a23e15c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-11 / The objective of this paper is to examine the phenomenon of accumulation of function to those originally contracted employee, according to current Brazilian legal system . The intensity of work in the contemporary world is a subject of great tension between employers and workers. The phenomenon examined , which has several facets , has great interest because it is a content change of object clause of the employment contract . The contemporary production methods require that workers have polyvalent skills. In Brazil, the sole paragraph of art.456 of the Labor Code (CLT) allows the employer to use your "jus variandi" changing the object clause of the employment contract. The central issue is that the Brazilian labor law allows employers freely change the object of the employment contract without any limitation not exceeding the personal conditions of the employees and provided that an express contract, or some proof of contracted function does not 'exist. The law, however, provides an unfavorable presumption the employee:: i'1 practice, it is common the absence of express employment contract and the employee is hardly proof of the contractual object, limiting its "resistentia jus". The assumption behind this work is the perception of injury to the worker due to the law, which contradicts many principles of labor law. Five constitutional violations are identified in law and is made a proposal for legislative change to examination. The completion of background work is that no legally able to prevent the phenomenon of "accurl1ulation of function", except through collective bargaining agreements. However, it is necessary to have legal mechanisms that protect the worker, giving him a proper wage compensation in the face of natural increased complexity of the work it performs / O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar o fenômeno dê acúmulo de função do empregado àquelas originalmente contratadas, segundo o sistema legal brasileiro atual. A intensidade do trabalho no mundo contemporâneo é tema de grande tensão entre empregadores e trabalhadores. O fenômeno examinado, que possui várias facetas, possui grande interesse, pois representa uma alteração da cláusula de objeto do contrato de trabalho. Os métodos produtivos contemporâneos determinam que os trabalhadores possuam habilidades polivalentes. No Brasil, o parágrafo único do art.456, da CLT (CLT), permite que o empregador utilize seu "jus variandi" para alterar a cláusula de objeto do contrato de trabalho. A questão central é que a lei trabalhista brasileira possibilita que o empregador altere livremente o objeto do contrato de trabalho sem qualquer limitação que não ultrapassem as condições pessoais do empregadose e desde que não exista um contrato expresso, ou alguma prova da função contratada. A lei, portanto, traz uma presunção desfavorável ao : empregado: na prática, é comum a ausência de contrato de trabalho expresso e . dificilmente o trabalhador faz prova do objeto contratado, limitando seu "jus resistentia". O pressuposto deste trabalho é a percepção de prejuízo ao trabalhador em decorrência da lei, fato que contraria muitos princípios do direito do trabalho. São identificadas cinco infrações constitucionais na lei e é feita uma proposta de alteração legislativa para exame. A conclusão de fundo do trabalho é que não há condições de impedir legalmente o fenômeno do "acúmulo de função", exceto por meio de contratos coletivos de trabalho. Todavia, é necessário haver mecanismos legais que protejam o trabalhador, concedendo-lhe uma compensação salarial adequada em face da natural maior complexidade do trabalho que executa

O Condomínio de Empregadores Rurais consiste em um modelo de contratação e gestão coletiva regulamentado no Brasil em 1999, com o intuito de assegurar aos trabalhadores rurais direitos trabalhistas e previdenciários. O Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego incentivou este modelo como alternativa às cooperativas de trabalho fraudulentas. No estado de São Paulo este sistema de registro foi bem aceito e considerado um avanço na modernização das relações de trabalho. A união de produtores rurais com a finalidade de contratar empregados foi classificada como contrato de equipe patronal rural, denominada o Pacto Rural de São Paulo. O Condomínio de Empregadores Rurais modificou o conceito de vínculo de emprego no mercado de trabalho temporário agrícola e possibilitou que o contrato de trabalho fosse mais prolongado. A dissertação visa a compreender por que fornecedores de cana implantaram o Condomínio de Empregadores Rurais no estado de São Paulo. Os procedimentos metodológicos para o estudo sobre a reunião de fornecedores em Condomínios de Empregadores combinaram pesquisa qualitativa, com entrevistas e observações, bem como levantamento bibliográfico e documental. A expansão do setor sucroalcooleiro no estado conferiu uma peculiaridade à região selecionada para a pesquisa empírica, constituída por municípios do Oeste e Noroeste do estado de São Paulo. O Condomínio de Empregadores reuniu fornecedores de cana, viabilizou o aumento da escala produtiva e desempenhou diversas funções como uma forma de organização da produção e do trabalho. / The Condominium of Rural Employers is a model of contracting, and collective management regulated in Brazil in 1999, in order to ensure to rural workers, labor rights and security. The Department of Labor encouraged this model as an alternative to fraudulent cooperatives work. In São Paulo this system of collective registry was well accepted and considered an advance in the modernization of labor relations. The union of farmers for the purpose of hiring employees is classified as contract employee staff retreat, called the Rural Pact of Sao Paulo. The Condominium of Rural Employers modified the concept of an employment market for temporary agricultural work, and allowed the contract of employment was longer. The project purpose is to understand why suppliers cane deployed the Condominium of Rural Employers in the State of Sao Paulo. The methodological procedures for the study on the meeting of suppliers Condominiums Employers combined qualitative research with interviews, and observations, as well as bibliographic, and documentary. The expansion of sugar industry in the State gave a twist to the region selected for empirical research, consisting of municipalities of the West, and northwest of the State of Sao Paulo. The Condominium of Rural Employers met sugarcane suppliers, it feasible to increase scale of production, and held various positions as a way of organizing production, and work.

O Condomínio de Empregadores Rurais consiste em um modelo de contratação e gestão coletiva regulamentado no Brasil em 1999, com o intuito de assegurar aos trabalhadores rurais direitos trabalhistas e previdenciários. O Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego incentivou este modelo como alternativa às cooperativas de trabalho fraudulentas. No estado de São Paulo este sistema de registro foi bem aceito e considerado um avanço na modernização das relações de trabalho. A união de produtores rurais com a finalidade de contratar empregados foi classificada como contrato de equipe patronal rural, denominada o Pacto Rural de São Paulo. O Condomínio de Empregadores Rurais modificou o conceito de vínculo de emprego no mercado de trabalho temporário agrícola e possibilitou que o contrato de trabalho fosse mais prolongado. A dissertação visa a compreender por que fornecedores de cana implantaram o Condomínio de Empregadores Rurais no estado de São Paulo. Os procedimentos metodológicos para o estudo sobre a reunião de fornecedores em Condomínios de Empregadores combinaram pesquisa qualitativa, com entrevistas e observações, bem como levantamento bibliográfico e documental. A expansão do setor sucroalcooleiro no estado conferiu uma peculiaridade à região selecionada para a pesquisa empírica, constituída por municípios do Oeste e Noroeste do estado de São Paulo. O Condomínio de Empregadores reuniu fornecedores de cana, viabilizou o aumento da escala produtiva e desempenhou diversas funções como uma forma de organização da produção e do trabalho. / The Condominium of Rural Employers is a model of contracting, and collective management regulated in Brazil in 1999, in order to ensure to rural workers, labor rights and security. The Department of Labor encouraged this model as an alternative to fraudulent cooperatives work. In São Paulo this system of collective registry was well accepted and considered an advance in the modernization of labor relations. The union of farmers for the purpose of hiring employees is classified as contract employee staff retreat, called the Rural Pact of Sao Paulo. The Condominium of Rural Employers modified the concept of an employment market for temporary agricultural work, and allowed the contract of employment was longer. The project purpose is to understand why suppliers cane deployed the Condominium of Rural Employers in the State of Sao Paulo. The methodological procedures for the study on the meeting of suppliers Condominiums Employers combined qualitative research with interviews, and observations, as well as bibliographic, and documentary. The expansion of sugar industry in the State gave a twist to the region selected for empirical research, consisting of municipalities of the West, and northwest of the State of Sao Paulo. The Condominium of Rural Employers met sugarcane suppliers, it feasible to increase scale of production, and held various positions as a way of organizing production, and work.

This thesis investigates what work ought to be like. The answer it presents consists of an outline of a liberaltheory of justice in the employment contract based on theory developed in the area of political philosophy. Thethesis also examines issues of efficiency—How should measures to improve working conditions be evaluated?—and the ethical implications of the economic theory of employment contracts and the neoclassical theory of themarket. Paper I: A theoretical framework is introduced for the evaluation of workplace inspections with respect totheir effects on working conditions. The choice of a concept of efficiency is discussed, and its relation to criteriafor a good working environment is clarified. It is concluded that in order to obtain reliable information onthe effects of different inspection methods, it is necessary to perform controlled comparative studies in whichdifferent methods are used on different workplaces. Paper II: This article outlines the structure of a Rawlsian theory of justice in the employment relationship.The theory answers three questions about justice and the workplace. What is the relationship between socialjustice and justice at work? How should we conceive of the problem of justice within the economic sphere?And, what is justice in the workplace? Reasons for a specific construction of a local original position are givenand arguments are presented in support of a principle of local justice in the form of a choice egalitarian localdifference principle. Paper III: The political philosophy of John Rawls is applied to the moral dilemma of whistleblowing, andit is shown that that the requirement of loyalty, in the sense that is needed to create this dilemma, is inconsistentwith that theory. In a discussion and rejection of Richard De George’s criteria on permissible whistleblowing,it is pointed out that the mere rejection of loyalty will not lead to an extreme position; harms can still be takeninto account. Paper IV: The case is made that if contemporary economics of the employment contract is correct, thenin order to explain the existence of employment contracts, we must make the assumption that the contractingparties are attempting to deal with decisiontheoreticignorance. It follows that the course of action that theemployer chooses to take when acting from authority cannot be justified by consent, since the informednesscriterion of consent cannot be satisfied under ignorance. It is then suggested that in order to achieve justificationof acts of authority, there must be in place a real possibility to contest employers’ decisions. Paper V: According to Ronald Dworkin’s theory of equality of resources, mimicking the ideal market fromequal starting points is fair. According to Dworkin, the ideal market should be understood as described in GérardDebreu’s influential work, which implies that we should conceive of trade as taking place under certainty. Thereare no choices under risk in such a market. Therefore, there is no such thing as option luck in the ideal market.Consequently, when mimicking this market, we cannot hold people responsible for option luck. Mimicking thismarket also implies that we ought to set up a social safety net, since rational individuals with perfect foresightwould see to it that they always have sufficient resources at each point in life. Furthermore, the idea of insuranceis incompatible with the ideal market. / QC 20100728

Tiriamajame darbe autorius siekia atskleisti teorinius bendro pobūdžio klausimus: apibrėžti darbo sutarties pasibaigimo ir nutraukimo sąvokas. Autoriaus nagrinėjami darbo sutarties nutraukimo darbdavio iniciatyva, kai nėra darbuotojo kaltės, pagrindai. Analizuojamas įspėjimas apie darbo sutarties nutraukimą. Lyginamuoju metodu pateikiamas tarptautinių dokumentų ir ES teisės normų, reguliuojančių darbo sutarties nutraukimą, reglamentavimas. Tiriamajame darbe pateikiamas garantijų ir apribojimų reglamentavimas, atsirandantis nutraukiant darbo sutartį darbdavio iniciatyvą, kai nėra darbuotojo kaltės. Pateikiamas teisminės praktikos apibendrinimas, reikšmingas teisingai aiškinant ir tinkamai taikant teisės normas, reglamentuojančias darbo sutarties nutraukimą darbdavio iniciatyva, kai nėra darbuotojo kaltės. / In this research work an author seeks to educe the theoretical character of questions: to define the conceptions of the expiry or the termination of an employment contract. Author analyses the grounds for the termination of an employment contract on the initiative of an employer without any fault on the part of an employee. Author analyses the notice of the termination of an employment contract. The regulation of the legal rules of international documents and EU presents by the comparable method. The regulation of the guarantees and limitations represents in this research work, which give effect to the termination of an employment contract on the initiative of an employer without any fault on the part of an employee. Author educes the generalization of judiciary practice, which is essential justly to interpret and properly to use rules of the termination of an employment contract on the initiative of an employer without any fault on the part of an employee.

1 Employment contract and the establishment of an employment relationship Abstract This diploma thesis deals with an employment contract and the establishment of an employment relationship. The aim is to provide a comprehensive outlook on the issue of employment contract and the establishment of an employment relationship, analyze the current legislative framework including the case law and point out some challenges regarding the application in practice. The thesis is divided into four main chapters that are further segmented. The first chapter provides a basic overview of the labor law, its function, and position within the legal framework. Next, it analyzes the relationship between the labor law and the civil law post recodification, labor law relationships, and their basic principles and the dependent work as a subject matter of the individual employment relationship. The second chapter is devoted to an employment contract. It first analyzes the process before the employment relationship is established. Next, it deals with the establishment of the employment relationship itself, appointment and the issue of the so-called factual employment relationship. The third chapter is devoted to the employment contract in general. It provides the characteristics of the employment contract, which is one of the basic...

O contrato de trabalho do atleta profissional de futebol tem particularidades, as quais são inerentes apenas aos jogadores de futebol, não tendo aplicabilidade, de forma obrigatória, mas sim, subsidiária, o disposto na Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT). São aplicadas a este contrato especial, além de alguns dispositivos da CLT, as normas específicas previstas para esta modalidade esportiva. Dentre as quais, a Lei n. 9.615, de 24 de março de 1998, ou também conhecida por Normas Gerais sobre Desporto ou, ainda, vulgarmente conhecida por Lei Pelé. É com base nas diretrizes previstas nesta lei, que as demais regras reguladoras dessa modalidade desportiva se fundamentam. No decorrer desta obra científica, serão explanadas as particularidades características do contrato de trabalho desportivo, tendo como ápice, a análise da natureza jurídica dos ganhos dos atletas profissionais e as conseqüências jurídicas advindas da extinção do instituto do passe.

La notion de subordination juridique est en confrontation directe avec l'évolution du marché du travail. Face aux contraintes du droit du travail, le salariat est fuit ce qui favorise les montages juridiques mais aussi les réelles alternatives. Ces dernières alimentent aujourd'hui le phénomène des travailleurs économiquement dépendants qui témoigne de l'extension d'une zone grise aux frontières du salariat. Il devient donc parfois bien difficile de définir le contrat de travail. Pourtant, les enjeux sont importants, notamment au regard de l'infraction de travail dissimulé. La subordination juridique étant le critère distinctif du contrat de travail, il convient de faire le point sur les approches successivement proposées par la doctrine et la jurisprudence. Le but de cette thèse est d'essayer de faire le bilan de cette notion instable pour prévoir et proposer les évolutions possibles. / The concept of legal subordination is in direct confrontation with the changing labor market. Given the constraints of employment law, the wage is leaking which promotes legal arrangements but also the real alternatives. These now supply the phenomenon of economically dependent workers, reflecting the extension of a gray area into borders of employment. It becomes increasingly difficult to define the employment contract. Yet the stakes are high, particularly with regard to the infringement of concealed work. The legal subordination is the distinguishing criterion of the employment contract, it should take stock of approaches successively proposed by doctrine and jurisprudence. The aim of this thesis is to try to take stock of this unstable concept to predict and suggest possible changes.

This thesis is focused on the employer-employee relationship in accounting and taxation. It offers a general view on the process from formation of employment relationship to its termination. Income tax and social insurance represent the key areas establishing a wide variety of rights and obligations for both parties. The final part of the thesis uses a model situation to demonstrate an employment relationship.