Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo mapear as práticas de espaço do samba em São Paulo entre os anos de 1938 e 1945. Tal período é marcado pela continuação da implantação do projeto urbanístico Plano de Avenidas, cujo foco recaía sobre a remodelação do sistema viário da cidade. O mapeamento do cruzamento dessas duas formas de práticas, o caminhar do samba e o traçado da remodelação urbana, nos permite vislumbrar uma certa paisagem cotidiana. Essa paisagem é também dotada de sons, informantes, à sua maneira, de modos de fazer a metrópole e de nela fazer-se presente. Assim, surge, entre os barulhos e ruídos característicos da cidade moderna, um samba interessado em constituir-se como moderno e participante de tal universo. No contexto do Estado Novo (1937-1945) e da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945), os praticantes do samba que nos relatam suas práticas, produzem, a seu modo, articulações políticas e incursões tático-estratégicas em territórios outros. Dessa forma, relatam uma paisagem cotidiana, produto e produtora de uma nova cidade, sob uma perspectiva bastante específica: a da circulação. Em busca de um lugar comum para a constituição de uma trajetória individual ou da participação no centro da cidade enquanto habitante de um bairro, as investidas do samba em direção às diferentes centralidades do período são formas de saberes próprios que são aqui tomados como ferramentas para a compreensão de uma modernização que caminha não apenas do planalto à várzea, mas também da várzea ao planalto. / This research aims to map the \"space practices\" of samba in São Paulo between the years of 1938 and 1945. This period is marked by the continuation of the implementation of the urban plan Plano de Avenidas, whose focus was on the remodelling the road system of City. Mapping the intersection of these two forms of practices, the walking of the samba and the outlining of the urban remodelling, allows us to glimpse a certain everyday landscape. This landscape is also endowed with sounds, informants, in its own way, means of making the metropolis and making itself present in it. Thus, among the noises and noises characteristic of the modern city, a samba interested in constituting itself as modern and participant of such universe appears. In the context of the Estado Novo (1937-1945) and the Second World War (1939-1945), samba practitioners who tell us about their practices, produce in their own way political articulations and tactical-strategic incursions into other territories. In this way, they relate a daily landscape, product and maker of a new city, from a very specific perspective: that of circulation. In search of a common place for the constitution of an individual trajectory or participation in the center of the city as an inhabitant of a neighborhood, the samba investments towards the different centralities of the period are forms of knowledge that are taken here as tools for the understanding of a modernization that goes not only from the plateau to the floodplain, but also from the floodplain to the plateau.

Abordamos os romances Guia afetivo da periferia, do escritor brasileiro Marcus Vinícius Faustini, e Marginais, do escritor cabo-verdiano Evel Rocha, com o interesse de estudar seus protagonistas, personagens pobres que vivem em zonas urbanas. Motivou-nos o interesse de entender como estão representadas e, por isso, tratamos de investigar suas experiências cotidianas, a partir do que pudemos identificar algumas de suas características e atitudes. Essa investigação teve como suporte teórico textos que defendem a importância de uma hermenêutica do cotidiano, recomendando a sua realização como uma forma de se potencializar a documentação de experiências de vidas anônimas e de demandas sociais legítimas, mas escondidas para a conveniência dos grupos hegemônicos. Essa hermenêutica se baseia na compreensão de que aquilo que se vive informalmente deve ser entendido como uma alavanca para o conhecimento humano. Analisamos cinco unidades temáticas mínimas que se evidenciaram comuns aos romances: vida, morte, doença, trabalho e território. Constatamos que a forma como os dois textos retratam a vida na periferia são complementares, não obstante, individualmente, privilegiem visões unívocas da realidade social que retratam. Também constatamos que os romances tanto inovam na abordagem de alguns temas, como o combate à tuberculose e a opção pelo autoemprego, como, de algum modo, ratificam posições que cerceiam os seres humanos, como quando atrelam a noção de decência ao fato de se estar ou não empregado e a pobreza à criminalidade. / We have addressed the novels Guia afetivo da periferia, by the Brazilian writer Marcus Vinícius Faustini, and Marginais, by the Cape Verdean writer Evel Rocha, in order to study their protagonists, characters that live in poverty in urban areas. Our motivation was the need to understand how they are portrayed. We therefore delved into the investigation of their daily experiences, and from that we were able to identify some of their characteristics and attitudes. The investigation was based on theoretical texts that defend the importance of a hermeneutic of everyday life, pointing to it as a way of optimizing the recording of anonymous life experiences and legitimate social demands that are hidden at the hegemonic groups\' convenience. Such hermeneutic is based on the understanding that informal life experiences should be understood as leveraging human knowledge. We have analyzed five motifs that proved to be common to both novels: life, death, disease, work and territory. We found that the way both texts portray life in the inner cities are complementary, although, individually, they emphasize one-sided visions of the social reality they portray. We have also found that the novels innovate in the way they address some themes, such as the fight against tuberculosis and the option for self-employment, and at the same time somehow ratify positions that restrain human beings, for example when they link the notion of decency to having or not employment contract and poverty to criminality.

Esta dissertação analisa algumas das hortas urbanas comunitárias da cidade de São Paulo. Trata-se de uma etnografia que explora as conexões, motivações e formas de ação desses agrupamentos autogeridos de voluntários que criam e mantêm espaços de plantio em áreas públicas. São tratadas de maneira mais detida três delas: a Horta das Corujas, no bairro da Vila Beatriz, a Horta do Centro Cultural São Paulo, no bairro Vergueiro e a Horta dos Ciclistas, na Avenida Paulista. A intenção dessa análise, no entanto, não é se ater a territórios fixos, e sim apreender os movimentos propiciados pela prática das hortas comunitárias na cidade. Dessa maneira, são aqui traçadas algumas das relações entre essas hortas e outras formas de agricultura urbana em São Paulo, os entrelaçamento e perspectivas de co-construções que emergem entre humanos e não humanos, além de suas relações com instâncias políticas formais. A interação entre as ações no espaço público, as técnicas e os ensinamentos de agroecologia propagados pelas hortas e a rede de trocas que opera entre elas expõe maneiras de se vincular à cidade que são permeadas por uma noção de política do cotidiano, a qual não se encontra apenas nas relações com o e do Estado. / This dissertation analyses some of the community urban gardens of São Paulo, SP. We have carried out an ethnography exploring the connections, motives and ways of action of those selfmanaged groups of volunteers, who create and keep cultivating spaces amidst public areas. We focus of three urban gardens: Horta das Corujas [Owls Garden], at Vila Beatriz neighborhood, the São Paulo Cultural Center Garden, at Vergueiro neighborhood; and Horta dos Ciclistas [Cyclers Garden], at Paulista Avenue. This analysis is not restrained, however, to fixed territories, but rather apprehends the movements engendered by community garden practices in the city. Thus, we trace some relations between those gardens and other forms of urban agriculture in São Paulo, their intertwining and the co-construction perspectives that emerges among humans and non-humans, as well as their relations with formal public agents. The interaction among actions performed in public spaces, the agroecology techniques and teachings, and their exchange network are embedded with a concept of everyday politics, practiced not only by or in face of the State.

La présente étude vise à rassembler et étudier les représentations de la vie quotidienne sur les mosaïques grecques de l’époque impériale. Les scènes qui intéressent sont les images qui présentent des activités humaines, les travaux agricoles, la pêche et la chasse, les spectacles, les rites religieux, les portraits des personnages historiques, des objets, les scènes de la vie quotidienne des autres peuples, des Pygmées et des scènes nilotiques. Les scènes proviennent du territoire de la Grèce moderne qui pendant l’époque impériale était divisé en plusieurs provinces de l’Empire. Les bornes chronologiques s’étendent du 1er s. ap. J-C. jusqu’à la fin du 3e s. – début du 4e s. ap. J.-C. L’étude est divisée en trois parties. La première partie est consacrée à l’iconographie. Les 130 scènes sont classées par sujet et puis interprétées. Ensuite on analyse leur rapport à la réalité, les raisons d’être choisies. En plus on cherche les modèles iconographiques de l’art grec classique et romain et les influences exercées par les autres régions. Dans la deuxième partie on examine la place des scènes dans l’espace, le contexte architectural des scènes, le rapport entre les scènes et les bâtiments, l’association des sujets différents sur un même pavement. L’objet de la troisième partie est l’image de la société comme elle est présentée par les scènes de la vie quotidienne. Ainsi, on étudie la répartition chronologique et géographique des scènes et ce que montrent les préférences régionales pour la société et l’économie de chaque ville. Enfin, on examine le statut social des commanditaires, leur rôle au choix des sujets et les messages qu’ils veulent donner par ceux-ci. / The present study intends to collect and examine the representations of everyday life on the Greek mosaics of the imperial period. Thus, it focuses on scenes of human activities, rural labors, hunting, fishing, spectacles, religious rites, the portraits of historical personalities, objects of the everyday life of Pygmies and landscapes of the Nile. The scenes originate from modern Greece which during the imperial times was divided in six provinces. The chronological limits are set from the 1st c. A.D. and the end of the 3rd – beginnings of the 4th c. A.D. The study is comprised of tree parts. The first part is dedicated to the iconography. The 130 scenes are classified according to their subject and are interpreted and analyzed in accordance with their relation to reality, their position on the pavement and in the building, their function and the reasons for being chosen. Additionally, their Greek and Roman iconographical models as well as the regional influences are identified. The second part examines the architectural context of the scenes, the relation between the scenes and the buildings and the association of different subjects on the same pavement. The third part focuses on how the society’s image is represented in everyday life scenes. So we examine the chronological and geographical distribution of the scenes and what the regional preferences reveal for the society and the economy of every town. Finally, we study the social status of the patrons, their role in choosing the subjects and the messages implied by these images and their accompanying inscriptions.

This paper is focused on the consequences of the drawn-out conflict, known as ”the great northern war”, which lasted from the start of the 18th century up to 1721. More precisely the focus is at the economic situation facing the agrarian lower classes during these years, as well the nature in which their discontent presented itself. The study is restricted to one particular region of early-modern Sweden, Jämtland. The subjects that are examined are: - The amount of tax that were not paid or delivered to the proper authorities in time. - Contemporary depictions of the situation for the agrarian lower classes in Jämtland. - Taxes from earlier years yet to be paid.- Abandoned farms during the period. - Crop failures and their connection to the economic situation. - The so called ”everyday forms of resistance” in Jämtland as an expression of the people’s discontent towards the ruling figures in Stockholm – manifested against their local representatives. / <p>Betygsdatum 2019-06-13</p>

Traditional architectural and urban artefacts are showed over the centuries as a powerful imprint of human actions and practices and are being developed on the basis of concrete socio-cultural factors and environmental rationalities. Spatial and morphological patterns of traditional environments have exceedingly evolved to fulfill and accomplish the social and cultural needs of the populace in their dialectical interplay with the surrounding environment. This relationship conceptualises the man-made environment, as the repository of meaning, in users‟ reciprocal relation with the surrounding environment. In the context of history, the human tends to dwell when experiencing the built environment as meaningful. Traditional contexts are highlighted as physical and spatial interpretations of human activities, skills, thoughts and resources creating identifiable and meaningful realms related to space/place, time and society. The study uncovers the process of the formation of the house and mahalla in order to shed light on how the built environment responds to inhabitants‟ socio-cultural determinants and everyday lives. It unfolds how changes in the nature of Iraqi society and its priorities affect the architecture of home and mahalla by reference to the impact of modernity with all its alien socio-cultural principles. This thesis focuses on the architecture of home and mahalla within the traditional core of Kadhimiya city and similar Iraqi socio-cultural contexts. At the macro analytical level, the research investigates the spatial and physical formation of the mahalla as a whole through detecting the socio-spatial aspects of its realms, and how its spontaneous form has responded to the socio-cultural aspects of the community in an integral pattern. At the micro level, the research will go deeper in the perception of the basic aspects of the individual and the family. It investigates how the traditional house reflects and satisfies the personal values of the individual, and achieves his socio-cultural beliefs and everyday life on the basis of inherent norms and conventions. In this vein, public, semi-public/private and private domains are investigated to highlight the mutual interplay between these spheres as key factors in understanding the architecture of the house and mahalla. The research discusses indigenous aspects and principles contained or embedded in the structure of the traditional environment, such as privacy, social solidarity and stability, neighbourliness and so on. It reveals insight into the male-female relationship in the social life of the traditional context, and how the position of women and their idle qualities impact the structure of the house and the hierarchical sequence and organisation of spaces. Identity, tradition, sustainability and everyday life are the main fields discussed with a specific end goal to outline and uncover the role of social factors, cultural beliefs and daily practices in the creation of this particular form. Building on these values, the research adopts an interpretive historical method in revealing the characters of the traditional environment referring to residents‟ habits, customs, rituals and traditions. Several approaches to the built and home environment are discussed for paving or detecting reliable one in the methodological inquiry within which many tools and methods have been utilised and used i.e. archival records, interviews, historical narratives, personal observation and photographic surveys. Data generated consists of photos, maps, interviewees‟ comments, analytical diagrams and historical and travellers‟ descriptions. Research findings indicate many of the inherent and underlying principles upon which the architecture of Iraqi traditional house depends. Within this context, the study has tried to unfold how the formation of the traditional house and the mahalla responded to the socio-cultural aspects of the community and the daily life of its members. Findings, concerning the design principles of the traditional mahalla, were realised as indigenous norms and standards embedded in the structure of society, which can be useful for architects, designers and planners to reconcile traditional and contemporary urban forms through the application of former rules and conventions in City‟s conservation or redevelopment plans. The study reveals that the traditional environment had less socio-cultural contradictions, active day-to-day practices and clear, identifiable and meaningful identity compared with contemporary built environments. Research findings, thus, lead to a set of relevant recommendations addressed to many of the community categories, architects, planners, stakeholders and those interested in this field. They aim to promote the impressive role of socio-cultural factors and strengthen users‟ competence in their physical and spatial settings for home. Moreover, research recommendations discuss how social factors, cultural values, beliefs, practices and rituals can be re-employed in our approach to achieving a more sustainable living environment. Recommendations relating to identity and tradition aim to draw attention and shed light on the significance of traditional built environments in the development of special identity, which played a big role in the sustainability of these contexts for centuries.

The liberal peace framework has in the past two decades experienced an increased amount of criticism for its uniform strategies, with several alternatives being presented as a response. One such an alternative is the framework of the post-liberal peace. Although researched in multiple articles by various scholars, Richmond’s (2011) book A Post-Liberal Peace is the most extensive piece on the subject and has therefore chiefly been used in the analysis of this paper. While previous studies and literature has examined different aspects of the post-liberal peace, none had considered a country’s foreign policy both in general and specific to one country. The prior neglection of Sweden and Afghanistan led to a focus of the two countries in this study. The aim of this paper was to fill the gap in the literature on the post-liberal peace framework as applied to a country’s foreign policy, thereby illuminating whether Sweden’s foreign policy adheres to the post-liberal peace framework. Text analysis was employed so as to critically examine the Swedish foreign policy by looking at certain concepts, in addition to implicit and explicit statements made relating to values inherent to the post-liberal peace framework. The hypothesis of this study claimed that Sweden’s social democratic feminist foreign policies adhere to the post-liberal peace framework and therefore would illustrate the proposed likeness between Sweden’s social democratic foreign policy and the post-liberal peace framework. The results from the data analysis displayed several qualities that adhered to the above-stated framework, while also exhibiting a number of inconsistencies and indubitably contrasting values. In sum, the study provides evidence that the social democratic feminist foreign policy of Sweden to a certain extent share similarity with the post-liberal peace framework, thereby partly confirming the hypothesis.

O presente estudo propõe-se a explorar a carga de afinidades entre a poesia de Adélia Prado e a obra de Guimarães Rosa Grande sertão: veredas. Os aspectos característicos da poeta, que se aproximam e se afastam daqueles do escritor, mostram uma poética em que se reconhece a presença do romance, que a própria Adélia Prado assume como matriz de inspiração de seu fazer poético. Posteriormente, a pesquisa particulariza-se em relacionar trechos do romance rosiano a alguns poemas de Poesia Reunida e A duração do dia, em que a autora, movida pela percepção híbrida do sagrado em meio ao cotidiano, faz uso da linguagem como canal de passagem do imanente para o transcendente e da relação possível entre a experiência mística e a poesia, configurando-se para a poeta Grande sertão: veredas como sua Bíblia Literária. / The present study proposes to explore the burden of affinities between the poetry of Adelia Prado and the work of Rosa Grande sertão: veredas. The characteristic features of the poet, that approach and recede from those of the writer, show a poetics which recognizes the presence of the novel, which takes itself as matrix Adelia Prado inspiration of his poetic. Subsequently, research particularizes in excerpts of the Rosa\'s novel relate to some poems of Reunited Poetry and The duration of the Day, in which the poet, driven by the perception hybrid of the sacred amid the everyday uses of language as a channel for passage of immanent to the transcendent and the possible relationship between mystical experience and poetry, becoming Grande sertão: veredas as \"Literary Bible\" for her.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo realizar uma reflexão teórico-filosófica sobre a inserção da hipermídia no cotidiano do aprendizado humano. Partimos da hipótese de que essa inserção é essencial em vias de uma mudança no paradigma escolar tradicional no contexto da pós-modernidade. Entendemos aqui, com base na filosofia hermenêutica de Hans-Georg Gadamer e sua crítica à epistemologia moderna e na crítica construtivista pelas vozes de Jean Piaget e Paulo Freire, que o conhecimento se constrói a partir da experiência cotidiana, da realidade do ser no mundo, e não pela inserção dos paradigmas científicos por eles mesmos, sem abertura ao diálogo com os saberes prévios. Sob essa ótica, desenvolvemos a noção da hipermídia como uma abertura a esse diálogo entre o senso comum cotidiano e os saberes científicos por meio de recursos como o hibridismo de linguagens, a organização hipertextual, a alinearidade e a interatividade, como conceituou a pesquisadora brasileira Lúcia Santaella. Entendemos aqui que a exploração dessas possibilidades leva a uma realocação do papel do sujeito na produção do conhecimento. Dessa forma, reposiciona-se o papel do professor, do estudante e das instituições escolares no contexto das novas tecnologias em uma estratégia descrita por J. J. Brunner que passa pela necessidade de ofertar à população uma educação contínua ao longo da vida e uma aprendizagem distribuída, que pode ser realizada a distância, para todos. Como metodologia para desenvolver esta tese, lançamos mão da análise de alguns fenômenos da atualidade, como hipermídias, experiências no âmbito artístico e científico e cursos a distância. / The purpose of this research was a theoretical and phylosophical pondering on the use of hypermedia in everyday learning, Our hypothesis considered such use as essential for a shift in the traditional education paradigm in a post-modern context. Based on Hans-Georg Gadamer\'s hermeneutics and his critic to modern epistemology, as well as on Jean Piaget\'s and Paulo Freire\'s contributions, we assume that knowledge is constructed by everyday experience, by a person\'s environment and being in the world, and not by their incorporation of scientific paradigm with no opening for dialogue with previous knowledges. Thus, we understand hypermedia as a manner of opening for such dialogue between common sense and scientific knowledge through resources such as hybrydization of languages, hypertextual organization, nonlinearity and interactivity, as defined by Brazilian researcher Lúcia Santaella. We believe that the exploration of these possibilities allows for a repositioning of the subject\'s role in the production of knowledge. Thus, there is a repositioning of the roles of teachers, students and schools in the context of the new technologies in a strategy described by J. J. Brunner as one that is based on the need of offering to all people a continuous education throughout their lives, which may be offered as distance education. We also analyze some recent phenomena, such as hypermedia, digital artistic and scientific experiences and distance courses

Essa pesquisa parte da consideração da importância da alimentação e da fome como objetos de estudos privilegiados para a realização de uma crítica da vida cotidiana. Em seguida, considera a contribuição de Josué de Castro (geógrafo reconhecido por seus estudos sobre a fome) para esse tema, em uma tentativa de apontar tanto para as conquistas, como para os limites de sua obra. Nesse caminho, coloca a importância de considerar o papel da alimentação na reprodução social capitalista a partir de uma interpretação que considere a crítica da economia política. Além disso, há uma tentativa de se avançar na compreensão do papel do espaço (e de sua produção) para o entendimento dos processos de deterioração da alimentação que levam à miséria na alimentação e à fome. De início, considera uma discussão baseada nas escalas geográficas, para em seguida se aprofundar em um estudo do urbano apoiado na obra de Henri Lefebvre. Destaca-se também o papel dos trabalhos de campo para o entendimento da fome a partir de recortes espaciais realizados na metrópole de São Paulo. / This research starts with the consideration of the importance of food and hunger to realize a critique of everyday life. Then it considers the contribution from Josué de Castro (a geographer known for his studies about the hunger) to this theme, in an attempt to point to the achievements as much as the limits of his work. In this way, it situates the importance to consider the paper of food on the social reproduction from capitalism through an explanation that considers the critique of political economy. More over, there is an attempt to put forward in a comprehension of the role from space (and from its production) to the understanding from the processes of deterioration of food which lead to the misery on food and to the hunger. First, it considers an argument based on the geographical scales, and then it realizes a study of the urban based on the work from Henri Lefebvre. The role from the field works is important too, in order to build a comprehension of hunger in the metropolis from São Paulo.