A quantidade de medicamentos falsificados e roubados ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos é um tema preocupante, colocando em risco a saúde do consumidor final. Iniciativas para reduzir a quantidade de medicamentos falsificados e garantir que não haja ruptura em sua distribuição são importantes. Em 2009, surgiu no Brasil o Sistema Nacional de Controle de Medicamentos, que tem como objetivos controlar os medicamentos vendidos no país e promover o desenvolvimento de melhores sistemas de rastreabilidade. O presente trabalho propõe um modelo de rastreabilidade alternativo a esta proposta, se baseando na identificação por radiofrequência, gôndolas inteligentes e no conceito de Internet das Coisas. Este permitiria um maior controle do sistema de rastreabilidade em relação às alternativas disponíveis atualmente. Para avaliar a alternativa proposta, elaborou-se um modelo de simulação de eventos discretos, comparando-a aos modelos atuais de rastreabilidade utilizando um software de simulação. A partir da simulação, verificou-se que o modelo proposto tem potencial para reduzir falsificações de medicamentos, impedir que haja ruptura da cadeia de suprimentos, e redução na quantidade de tratamentos interrompidos devido a estes fatores. Dessa forma, o modelo proposto por este trabalho não só sugere uma nova proposta de rastreabilidade, mas apresenta resultados provenientes da simulação, destacando as principais vantagens, se adotado. / The counterfeit and stolen number over medicines supply chain is a worrisome topic, setting patient\'s health in risk. Initiatives to reduce counterfeit medicines number and guarantee that there is no product out of stock in the distribution are important. Brazil created in 2009 the National Medicines Control System to control the market and medicines traceability. The present work proposes an alternative traceability model to the model proposed before, based on radiofrequency identification, smart shelves and internet of things concept. This permits a major medicines traceability control in order to other alternatives available. To evaluate the alternative proposal, it was elaborated a discrete model simulation, comparing the actual model and the alternative proposal, using a simulation software. From the simulation, it was verified that the alternative proposal from this present work has potential to reduce counterfeit medicines, preventing out of stock situations. This way, the present work proposal not only suggests a new traceability proposal, but shows simulations results, highlighting the main advantages, if adopted.

O termo Indústria 4.0 tornou-se, nos últimos anos, frequente nas discussões relativas à indústria. Sua origem é o programa alemão Industrie 4.0, que buscou fortalecer a competitividade do parque industrial do país aplicando novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação, à manufatura. Iniciativas semelhantes também foram criadas em outros países, como a americana Industrial Internet ofThings. No Brasil, o Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) e a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa e Inovação Industrial (EMBRAPII) conduzem programas de incentivo à pesquisa, sob o nome de Manufatura Avançada. Conceitos como cadeias de suprimentos integradas e Cyber-PhysicalProduction Systems (CPPS), aliados a aplicações de tecnologias como Internet ofThings e inteligência artificial, são comuns a todas essas iniciativas, com expectativas de grandes ganhos em flexibilidade da produção, em qualidade e em eficiência. A relação entre adoção tecnológica e impactos em negócio, porém, é apontada como indireta e complexa, pelos pesquisadores de gestão de sistemas de informação e gestão de operações. A literatura da gestão de operações aponta que, para o esperado impacto em desempenho, as tecnologias adotadas devem estar alinhadas com as prioridades competitivas e com o modelo de produção da companhia. Dessa forma, não são viáveis recomendações genéricas de adoção de sistemas que não levem em conta o segmento de atuação e o mercado atendido pela empresa. Outro fator importante é a aplicação de tecnologias que tenham surgido fora do ambiente industrial e não sejam familiares às equipes de tecnologia desse ambiente. Artefatos tecnológicos, quanto utilizados em diferentes contextos, apresentam capacidades diferentes. Da sociologia da tecnologia, o termo affordance determina a possibilidade de ação de um agente quando em contato com um determinado objeto. Uma ferramenta tecnológica pode permitir a seu usuário uma gama de diferentes ações, dependentes de seus objetivos e conhecimentos. Uma régua de cálculo, por exemplo, permite a realização de uma série de operações matemáticas a um utilizador que conheça seus mecanismos, mas tem pouca utilidade a usuários sem conhecimentos prévios sobre seu funcionamento. No contexto da manufatura avançada, a percepção dos affordances das novas tecnologias, para modelar suas aplicações, exigirá novos conhecimentos, hoje detidos por diferentes equipes da companhia. Com base nas teorias de affordances e de estratégia de operações este trabalho utilizou um framework como ponto inicial para a realização de estudos de caso, em cinco projetos, em três empresas brasileiras de grande porte. Para que o impacto de diferentes estratégias de manufatura nas tecnologias adotadas pudesse ser estudado, foram selecionadas empresas de segmentos distintos, representativos do parque brasileiro: açúcar e álcool, montagem de eletrônicos e bebidas. A disponibilidade de amplo conhecimento tecnológico se mostrou uma preocupação central dos gestores que buscam a implantação de projetos de Manufatura Avançada; sua ausência é muitas vezes vista como uma barreira para a adoção de recursos como sistemas com inteligência artificial. Nos casos estudados, alguns dos projetos só foram viabilizados com a formação de equipes muldisciplinares, capazes de lidar com combinações inovadoras de tecnologias de sistemas de informação e automação industrial ou agrícola. Esse resultado é condizente com a teoria de affordances que posiciona o conhecimento do usuário como central para a percepção das oportunidades de adoção de novas tecnologias. deaffordances. Empresas com diferentes prioridades estratégicas decidiram pela adoção de sistemas com diferentes características, demostrando que a Manufatura Avançada não pode ser vista como um conjunto único e rígido de abordagens. Projetos em atividades com maior pressão por redução de custos apresentaram grande ênfase na integração vertical, ao passo que a procura por maior flexibilidade leva à busca de recursos para integração horizontal. Novas tecnologias se mostraram capazes, ou demonstraram possuir affordances, não só para habilitar novas funcionalidades, mas para proporcionar recursos a custos expressivamente menores que suas predecessoras. Foram observados exemplos onde tecnologias de menor custo permitiram a expansão de projetos implantados parcialmente no passado ou, ainda, a implantação de projetos em áreas com características que os tornavam anteriormente financeiramente inviáveis. Em razão desses resultados, o framework proposto sofreu revisão passando a incluir a adoção de novas tecnologias por questões relacionadas a custo e à formação de equipes muldisciplinares. Esse novo framework é apresentado como a contribuição final deste trabalho, que se espera possa servir der base para futuras investigações sobre o tema. / Industry 4.0 has become a very common term in recent discussions about the industry. It was originated in the Industrie 4.0 German program, which aims to strengthen their national industrial park competitiveness using new information and communication technologies to the manufacturing. Similar initiatives were created in different countries, such as the American Industrial Internet of Things. The Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) andtheEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa e Inovação Industrial (EMBRAPII) are conducting in Braziltechnologyresearch incentive program, withthenameManufatura Avançada (Smart Manufacturing). In all these initiatives, concepts like integrated supply chains and Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS), can be found with the same expectations of great improvements in productions flexibility, quality, and efficiency. The information systems management and operations management researchers say that the relationship between technology adoption and business impacts indirect and complex. The operations management literature shows that the adopted technologies have to be aligned with the competitive priorities and the company production model to generate the expected impact. Thereby generic system adoption recommendations are not possible, only taking account the company segment and its attended market. The application of technologies that have emerged outside the industrial environment and are not familiar with the technology teams of that environment is another important factor. If the utilization context of the technological artifact changes, their capabilities became different. The term affordance, in the technology sociology, is an agent action possibility when in when in contact with a given object. A technological tool can allow its users a range of different actions, depending on their goals and knowledge. A slide rule, for example, allows a series of mathematical operations to be performed by a user who knows their mechanisms, but has little use for users without prior knowledge of their operation. In the ManufaturaAvançada context, the technologies affordance perception, that shapes their applications, will require new knowledge, present in different departments today. Based on the affordance and operations strategy theories, this work applies a framework as a starting point for case studies conduction in five projects in three large Brazilian companies. In order to study the impact of different manufacturing strategies on technology adoption, were selected companies from different market segments that represent well the Brazilian industry: sugar and ethanol, electronics assembly, and beverages. The availability of extensive technological knowledge has been proven to be a central concern of managers seeking the implementation of Advanced Manufacturing projects. Its absence is often seen as a barrier to the adoption of features such as artificial intelligence systems. In the studied cases, some of the projects were only made possible by the formation of multidisciplinary teams capable of dealing with innovative combinations of information systems technologies and industrial or agricultural automation. This result is consistent with the theory of affordances where the user knowledge is central to the perception of the opportunities of adoption of new technologies. Companies with different strategic priorities decided to adopt systems with different characteristics, demonstrating that ManufaturaAvançadacan not be seen as a single and rigid set of approaches. Projects, in high pressure for cost reduction activities, have a great emphasis on vertical integration, while searching for greater flexibility leads to horizontal integration. New technologies have proved capable, or demonstrated to have affordances, not only to enable new features, but to provide features at significantly lower costs than their predecessors. Examples were observed where lower cost technologies allowed the expansion of partially implemented projects or the implementation of projects in areas with characteristics that made them previously financially infeasible Due to these results, the proposed framework underwent revision, including the adoption of new technologies due to costs and the formation of multidisciplinary teams. This new framework is presented as the final contribution of this work, which is expected to serve as the basis for future research on the subject.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In the last decade the internet has become a tool present in the daily lives of people and organizations and time essential to the smooth operation of businesses. With the increasing development of infrastructure networks and popularization mass of highspeed network, emerges a related Internet use advance making it a global platform to make intelligent machines and objects able to communicate up autonomously. This possibility enables content and services are around people, always available, facilitating communication and paving the way for new applications, enabling new forms of work, interaction and entertainment, making a new pattern of living and working is developed. This new standard is made possible through advances in Information and Communication Technologies - ICTs to a new design set to Internet of Things - IoT. However, with a varied collection of data and information for various purposes, in the daily lives of people and organizations, autonomous data collection and information makes privacy a major challenge regarding the IoT. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the aspects that determine the action of Internet technology users of Things to supply personal information in intelligent environments. The research was characterized as positivist, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive, its implementation took place through field research strategy, with the data collection instrument a self-administered questionnaire, which was available to respondents in Brazil. It was adopted in the analysis of data collected quantitative line based on statistical techniques, in which we attempted to cross the data in order to achieve the objective of the research. Among the main conclusions from the research, it intuited that the use of environment is a determining aspect to providing information to the intelligent environment of greater influence among other aspects found. It was noticed that users tend to devote considerable attention to security and privacy of information we have, providing them with qualifications and care. However sometimes transfer responsibility for security of the information to third parties seeking to reduce the maximum number of criteria to be considered before making the decision to make available their data. / Na ultima década a internet tornou-se uma ferramenta presente no cotidiano das pessoas e das organizações e por vez indispensável ao bom funcionamento dos negócios. Com o crescente incremento das infraestruturas de redes e popularização em massa da rede de alta velocidade, emerge um avanço relacionado à utilização da internet tornando-a uma plataforma global para deixar máquinas e objetos inteligentes capazes de comunicarem-se de forma autônoma. Esta possibilidade permite que conteúdos e serviços estejam em torno das pessoas, sempre disponíveis, facilitando a comunicação e abrindo o caminho para novas aplicações, possibilitando novas formas de trabalho, de interação e de entretenimento, fazendo com que um novo padrão de vida e de trabalho seja desenvolvido. Este novo padrão torna-se possível através dos avanços das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação - TIC’s até uma nova concepção definida como Internet of Things - IoT. Entretanto, com uma variada coleta de dados e informações, para variados fins, no cotidiano das pessoas e das organizações, a coleta autônoma dos dados e das informações torna a privacidade um dos principais desafios em relação à IoT. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa objetivou investigar os aspectos que determinam a ação dos usuários de tecnologias da Internet das Coisas ao fornecerem informações pessoais em ambientes inteligentes. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como positivista, de natureza quantitativa, do tipo exploratória e descritiva, sua implementação aconteceu por meio da estratégia de pesquisa de campo, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário autoaplicável, que foi disponibilizado para respondentes em território brasileiro. Adotou-se na análise dos dados coletados uma linha quantitativa baseada em técnicas estatísticas, em que buscou-se cruzar os dados a fim de alcançar o objetivo da pesquisa. Dentre as principais conclusões decorrentes da pesquisa, intuiu-se que o ambiente de uso se configura como um aspecto determinante ao fornecimento de informação ao ambiente inteligente de maior influência entre os outros aspectos encontrados. Foi percebido que os usuários tendem a dedicar considerável atenção a segurança e a privacidade das informações que possuem, disponibilizando-as com ressalvas e cuidados. Contudo por vezes, transferem a responsabilidade pela segurança das informações para terceiros, buscando reduzir ao máximo o número de critérios a serem analisados antes de tomar a decisão de disponibilizar seus dados. / São Cristóvão, SE

In recent years, Internet of Things has developed rapidly, and now has penetrated into human life and industrial production. It is speculated that the internet of things will become ubiquitous in the future, which will bring a series of problems. First, the large number of things will lead to operated system and software updates consuming a lot of manpower and resources. Another problem is the Internet of things facing security issues, in recent years for the means of Internet of things and tools have been increasing largely. Therefore, to achieve a secure automatic update on the Internet of Things is essential. This report will follow such an automatic update system based on Internet of things to expand. First it elaborated on the main motive of this problem, found three existing related works and three security methods for communication to analyze. Then combined results of analysis, put forward own a secure automatic update solution: manager and devices connect and mutual authentication in real time, at the same time, the manager will regularly check the database to see if there is new version application. When the administrator uploads a new version, the manager will download the version and then sends to all devices, then device installs and finally restart itself. Next, the report described how to implement this system in detail and evaluated it. In the end, this report summarized and introduces the future work.

The Internet of Things (IoT), also called the Internet of Everything or the Industrial Internet, is a new technology paradigm regarded as a global network of machine and devices capable of interacting with each other. Internet of things (IoT) is closely related to numerous fields. The IoT platform is a suite of components that enable deployment of applications, independent and secure connectivity between devices, device/sensor management and integration with 3rd party systems. With increased demand of utilize the platform by web access, the task of this thesis is to develop a RESTful web service for specific IoT platform – SensibleThings platform using Jersey framework. Then measuring the web server under two scenarios and evaluating. Finally, I present the future work for the RESTful web service to improve its functions.

The interest and demand for smart home technologies has increased rapidly during the past few years. Due to factors such as convenience, innovation, flexibility, and security, these products are becoming a bigger part of our everyday life. With the increased demand and need for this technology, companies are working quickly to try to meet this demand and need of their customers. The development is becoming faster and faster, and therefore the risk of security being overlooked has increased. Companies want to meet the demand, and by trying to get the products on the market faster, other aspects might be compromised. A country which is often looked to for development and production of products is China. China is believed to be one of the countries with the most promising future for smart technologies and Internet of Things due to the immense investment put into telecommunications, development of technologies, and supporting infrastructure. The research of this thesis sought to investigate what effects the increased interest and demand for smart technologies has had on companies who are working with smart home technology by conducting a multiple case study on three companies in China which are in the smart home technology industry. With this case study, the perspective from the three companies has been gathered and analyzed. The research resulted in finding out the perception which these three companies have on the rapid development of smart home technologies, and the firsthand effects it has had on their individual company.

An extensive analysis of attribute-based encryption (ABE) in systems with resource constrained devices is performed. Two system solutions of how ABE can be performed in such systems are proposed, one where the ABE operations are performed at the resource constrained devices and one where ABE is performed at a powerful server. The system solutions are discussed with three different ABE schemes. Two of the schemes are the traditional key policy ABE (KP-ABE) and ciphertext policy ABE (CP-ABE). The third scheme is using KP-ABE to simulate CP-ABE, in an attempt to benefit from KP-ABE being computationally cheaper than CP-ABE while maintaining the intuitive way of using CP-ABE. ABE is a computationally expensive encryption method which might not be feasible to perform at the resource constrained sensors, depending on the hardware. An implementation of a CP-ABE scheme with a 128 bit security level was written and used to evaluate the feasibility of ABE on a sensor equipped with an ARM Cortex-M3 processor having 32 kB RAM and 256 kB flash. It is possible to perform CP-ABE on the sensor used in this project. The limiting factor of feasibility of ABE on the sensor is the RAM size. In this case policy sizes up to 12 attributes can be performed on the sensor. The results give an idea of the feasibility of encryption with ABE on sensors. In addition to the results several ways of improving performance of ABE on the sensor are discussed.

With the invention and rise of the Internet of Things, a technology that facilitates the gathering and use of personal data, the importance of the security and the integrity of the user has increased. The purpose of this study is to investigate the different outlooks of two different target groups, professional developers and users, on the subject of integrity and personalization in the digital sphere of systems development. A qualitative approach was used for this study. Interviews were conducted with 6 different professionals in the field of development and design. To gather data from the nonprofessionals a survey was used. The data was then analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The result implies that users are more concerned with the impact Internet of Things have on their privacy and integrity than the producers. We conclude that this stems from not enough awareness from the consumers of the actual risks and benefits of personalization. From our analysis we then developed a model to aid developers in working with consumers. This framework allows the user to divulge only the data they are comfortable with, while also giving them the opportunity to receive a more tailored service if they choose to share more.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept that revolves around ordinary devices that are connected to the internet for extended control and ease of use. Altran, a company dealing in high technology and innovation consultancy, predicts a large growth in business opportunities in the IoT area in the coming years, and therefore wants to invest in knowledge about the Internet of Things. Altran wanted a report that described popular wireless IoT communication technologies along with a proposal for a general IoT communication platform or base that could be used to implement many of these technologies. Additionally, an audio streaming application were to be implemented on the proposed platform to validate its credibility. The project resulted in a report on 6 different wireless IoT technologies: Z-wave, ZigBee, Thread, Bluetooth, 802.11n, and 802.11ah. A hardware and software base was proposed that could implement 4 of 6 of these technologies. This base was the Raspberry Pi 2 along with the Raspbian Jessie operating system. Finally an audio streaming system that could stream data to a set of smart Speaker nodes over wireless links based on IEEE 802.11n was implemented on the proposed base.

Les applications de l'Internet des objets (IdO/IoT) se composent de divers objets en grande partie mobiles et avec des ressources limitées ou riches. Des tels dispositifs exigent des interactions légères et faiblement couplées en termes de temps, d'espace et de synchronisation. Les protocoles au niveau middleware de l'IoT prennent en charge un ou plusieurs types d'interaction assurant la communication entre objets. De plus, ils supportent différents niveaux de Qualité de service (QDS) pour cette communication par rapport aux ressources disponibles sur les dispositifs et les réseaux. Les dispositifs utilisant le même protocole middleware interagissent de manière homogène, car ils exploitent les mêmes caractéristiques fonctionnelles et de QDS. Cependant, la profusion de protocoles middleware pour l'IoT se traduit par des objets très hétérogènes. Cela nécessite des solutions d'interopérabilité avancées intégrées à des techniques de modélisation et d'évaluation de la QDS. La principale contribution de cette thèse est d'introduire une approche et de fournir une plate-forme pour la synthèse automatique des artefacts logiciels permettant l'interopérabilité. De tels artefacts permettent l'interconnexion entre des objets mobiles qui utilisent des protocoles hétérogènes au niveau middleware. Notre plate-forme prend en charge l'évaluation de l'effectivité de l'interconnexion en termes de la QDS de bout en bout. Plus précisément, nous dérivons des conditions formelles pour des interactions réussies, et nous permettons la modélisation et l'analyse des performances ainsi que le réglage du système de bout en bout, tout en considérant plusieurs paramètres système pour l'IoT mobile. / Internet of Things (IoT) applications consist of diverse Things including both resource-constrained/rich devices with a considerable portion being mobile. Such devices demand lightweight, loosely coupled interactions in terms of time, space, and synchronization. IoT middleware protocols support one or more interaction types (e.g., asynchronous messaging, streaming) ensuring Thing communication. Additionally, they introduce different Quality of Service (QoS) features for this communication with respect to available device and network resources. Things employing the same middleware protocol interact homogeneously, since they exploit the same functional and QoS features. However, the profusion of developed IoT middleware protocols introduces technology diversity which results in highly heterogeneous Things. Interconnecting heterogeneous Things requires mapping both their functional and QoS features. This calls for advanced interoperability solutions integrated with QoS modeling and evaluation techniques. The main contribution of this thesis is to introduce an approach and provide a supporting platform for the automated synthesis of interoperability software artifacts. Such artifacts enable the interconnection between mobile Things that employ heterogeneous middleware protocols. Our platform further supports evaluating the effectiveness of the interconnection in terms of end-to-end QoS. More specifically, we derive formal conditions for successful interactions, and we enable performance modeling and analysis as well as end-to-end system tuning, while considering several system parameters related to the mobile IoT.