Three-dimensional linear ray theory is used to investigate internal waves interacting with a Lamb-Chaplygin pancake vortex dipole. These interactions involve waves propagating in the same (co-propagating) and opposite (counter-propagating) horizontal directions as the dipole translation. Co-propagating internal waves in the vertical symmetry plane between the vortices of the dipole can approach critical levels where the wave energy is absorbed by the dipole or where the waves are overturned and possibly break. As wave breaking cannot be simulated with this linear model, changes in wave steepness are calculated to aid in estimating the onset of breaking. Counter-propagating internal waves in the vertical symmetry plane can experience horizontal and vertical reflections, including turning points similar to waves in two-dimensional steady shear. Wave capture is also a possible effect of either type of interaction, depending on initial wave properties and positioning relative to the vortex dipole. Away from the vertical symmetry plane, a spanwise converging (focusing) and diverging (defocusing) of wave energy is observed in co- and counter-propagating interactions as symmetric off-center rays interact with the dipole's individual vortices. Some off-center rays experience multiple horizontal refractions similar to wave trapping.

La présente recherche décrit et examine le cheminement émotionnel d’ex-contrevenants engagés dans un processus de justice réparatrice. Le cheminement émotionnel est appréhendé sous l’angle de l’analyse des « trajectoires de vie ». Nous avons rencontré quatre anciens contrevenants condamnés à une peine d’incarcération, et vivant dans la communauté au moment de nos entretiens. Afin d’établir leur trajectoire de vie émotionnelle, les entretiens ont été menés en profondeur et selon une approche non-directive. Les participants ont réalisé soit une expérience de Rencontre-Détenus-Victimes (RDV), soit une expérience de face-à-face avec une victime, ou une réparation directe avec leur victime. L’analyse de nos données empiriques met en évidence deux périodes émotionnelles distinctes chez les ex-contrevenants. Leur cheminement est d’abord caractérisé par un état de fermeture puis d’ouverture émotionnelle. Pour chaque état émotionnel, nous présentons les différentes composantes émotionnelles qui les constituent ainsi que les changements émotionnels qui en résultent. La transition entre le passage d’un état de fermeture à un état d’ouverture émotionnelle, ainsi que l’expérience de justice réparatrice, ont été minutieusement étudiées. De ces analyses a émergé le concept de « point tournant émotionnel », apparaissant comme la clé de voûte du cheminement réparateur des anciens contrevenants. Il ressort en effet qu’un point tournant émotionnel est considéré comme un préalable nécessaire à la participation à un programme réparateur, mais aussi comme le baromètre de l’effet réparateur des expériences. / This research describes and discusses the emotional path of ex-offenders involved in a process of restorative justice. The emotional path is tackled from the perspective of "lifecourse" analysis. We met four former offenders sentenced to a prison term, and living in the community at the moment of our interviews. In order to interpret their emotional life course, the interviews were conducted in depth and in a non-directive approach. Participants performed either a Victim-Offender-Encounter (VOE), a face-to-face experience with a victim, or direct atonement with their victim. The analysis of our empirical data shows two distinct emotional periods in ex-offenders. Their path is characterized first by a closed state, then by an emotional opening. For each emotional state, we present its various emotional components and the resulting emotional changes. The transition, that is the passage between a closed state to a state of emotional openness, and the restorative justice experience, have been thoroughly studied. From these analysis emerged the concept of "emotional turning points," appearing as the keystone of the restorative pathway of former offenders. It is clear that an emotional turning point is considered a prerequisite for taking part in a restorative program, but also as a barometer of the restorative effects of the experiences.

Nombre de recherches portent sur la question de l’abandon de la délinquance et du processus de désistance qui la précède. Bien que les angles d’approche soient diversifiés, elles s’entendent pour dire que ce processus implique des changements sociaux autant que personnels. Ce mémoire s’est intéressé à la question des changements identitaires chez des individus qui avaient été condamnés à une longue peine d’emprisonnement et qui ont obtenu leur libération conditionnelle totale. Le principal objectif de ce mémoire est de comprendre en quoi les aspects permanents de l’identité et ceux qui sont modifiables sont à l’œuvre dans la trajectoire de changement d’un homme condamné à perpétuité pour meurtre et qui a obtenu sa libération conditionnelle totale. La méthode qualitative qu’est le récit de vie, et selon une perspective phénoménologique, a été utilisée afin d’atteindre les objectifs de cette recherche. Un homme condamné à une sentence de prison à vie, mais ayant obtenu sa libération totale a été rencontré en dix entretiens en profondeur d’une durée d’une heure à une heure et demie. Nous avons choisi de procéder à un nombre élevé d’entretiens de type semi-directifs afin de permettre l’approfondissement des propos de l’individu rencontré. Les résultats suggèrent que certaines représentations de l’identité restent stables dans le temps alors que d’autres se transforment au fil de la trajectoire de vie. En effet, de l’analyse du récit de vie de l’individu se dégagent deux représentations stables, qui marquent durablement l’identité de ce dernier dans sa trajectoire de vie, et quatre modifiables, qui se sont développées au cours de sa détention. Les résultats montrent aussi que les représentations stables semblent intervenir autant dans le processus criminogène que dans celui de la désistance. / Numerous studies have focused on the issues of abandonment of crime and the desistance process that precedes it. While the approaches retained are diversified, they all point to the social as well as personal changes the process implies. This thesis focuses on the identity changes of an individual who received a long prison sentence, and who later obtained a full parole. The main objective of this thesis is to understand what are the permanent aspects of identity and those that are modifiable at work in the changing path of a man sentenced for murder and has obtained full parole. The life approach, and in a phenomenological perspective, was used to achieve the objectives of this research. A man sentenced to a life prison and who later obtained his total release was met for ten in-depth interviews each lasting between an hour and an hour and a half. Such a large number of semi-structured type interviews allowed us to deepen our understanding. The results suggest that certain representations of identity remain stable over time while others change over the life course. Indeed, from the analysis of the individual's life story two stable representations emerged that permanently mark his identity during his life trajectory, and four modifiable, which developed during his detention. The results also show that stable representations appear to be involved in both the criminogenic process and during his desistance.

This thesis is concerned with nonlinear analyses of BWR stability behaviour, contributing to a deeper understanding in this field. Despite negative feedback-coefficients of a BWR, there are operational points (OP) at which oscillatory instabilities occur. So far, a comprehensive and an in-depth understanding of the nonlinear BWR stability behaviour are missing, even though the impact of the significant physical parameters is well known. In particular, this concerns parameter regions in which linear stability indicators, like the asymptotic decay ratio, lose their meaning. Nonlinear stability analyses are usually carried out using integral (system) codes, describing the dynamical system by a system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE). One aspect of nonlinear BWR stability analyses is to get an overview about different types of nonlinear stability behaviour and to examine the conditions of their occurrence. For these studies the application of system codes alone is inappropriate. Hence, in the context of this thesis, a novel approach to nonlinear BWR stability analyses, called RAM-ROM method, is developed. In the framework of this approach, system codes and reduced order models (ROM) are used as complementary tools to examine the stability characteristics of fixed points and periodic solutions of the system of nonlinear differential equations, describing the stability behaviour of a BWR loop. The main advantage of a ROM, which is a system of ordinary differential equations (ODE), is the possible coupling with specific methods of the nonlinear dynamics. This method reveals nonlinear phenomena in certain regions of system parameters without the need for solving the system of ROM equations. The stability properties of limit cycles generated in Hopf bifurcation points and the conditions of their occurrence are of particular interest. Finally, the nonlinear phenomena predicted by the ROM will be analysed in more details by the system code. Hence, the thesis is not focused on rendering more precisely linear stability indicators like DR. The objective of the ROM development is to develop a model as simple as possible from the mathematical and numerical point of view, while preserving the physics of the BWR stability behaviour. The ODEs of the ROM are deduced from the PDEs describing the dynamics of a BWR. The system of ODEs includes all spatial effects in an approximated (spatial averaged) manner, e.g. the space-time dependent neutron flux is expanded in terms of a complete set of orthogonal spatial neutron flux modes. In order to simulate the stability characteristics of the in-phase and out-of-phase oscillation mode, it is only necessary to take into account the fundamental mode and the first azimuthal mode. The ROM, originally developed at PSI in collaboration with the University of Illinois (PSI-Illinois-ROM), was upgraded in significant points: • Development and implementation of a new calculation methodology for the mode feedback reactivity coefficients (void and fuel temperature reactivity) • Development and implementation of a recirculation loop model; analysis and discussion of its impact on the in-phase and out-of-phase oscillation mode • Development of a novel physically justified approach for the calculation of the ROM input data • Discussion of the necessity of consideration of the effect of subcooled boiling in an approximate manner With the upgraded ROM, nonlinear BWR stability analyses are performed for three OPs (one for NPP Leibstadt (cycle7), one for NPP Ringhals (cycle14) and one for NPP Brunsbüttel (cycle16) for which measuring data of stability tests are available. In this thesis, the novel approach to nonlinear BWR stability analyses is extensively presented for NPP Leibstadt. In particular, the nonlinear analysis is carried out for an operational point (OP), in which an out-of-phase power oscillation has been observed in the scope of a stability test at the beginning of cycle 7 (KKLc7_rec4). The ROM predicts a saddle-node bifurcation of cycles, occurring in the linear stable region, close to the KKLc7_rec4-OP. This result allows a new interpretation of the stability behaviour around the KKLc7_rec4-OP. The results of this thesis confirm that the RAM-ROM methodology is qualified for nonlinear BWR stability analyses. / Die vorliegende Dissertation leistet einen Beitrag zum tieferen Verständnis des nichtlinearen Stabilitätsverhaltens von Siedewasserreaktoren (SWR). Trotz der Tatsache, dass in diesem technischen System nur negative innere Rückkopplungskoeffizienten auftreten, können in bestimmten Arbeitspunkten oszillatorische Instabilitäten auftreten. Obwohl relativ gute Kenntnisse über die signifikanten physikalischen Einflussgrößen vorliegen, fehlt bisher ein umfassendes Verständnis des SWR-Stabilitätsverhaltens. Das betrifft insbesondere die Bereiche der Systemparameter, in denen lineare Stabilitätsindikatoren, wie zum Beispiel das asymptotische Decay Ratio (DR), ihren Sinn verlieren. Die nichtlineare Stabilitätsanalyse wird im Allgemeinen mit Systemcodes (nichtlineare partielle Differentialgleichungen, PDG) durchgeführt. Jedoch kann mit Systemcodes kein oder nur ein sehr lückenhafter Überblick über die Typen von nichtlinearen Phänomenen, die in bestimmten System-Parameterbereichen auftreten, erhalten werden. Deshalb wurde im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit eine neuartige Methode (RAM-ROM Methode) zur nichtlinearen SWR-Stabilitätsanalyse erprobt, bei der integrale Systemcodes und sog. vereinfachte SWR-Modelle (ROM) als sich gegenseitig ergänzende Methoden eingesetzt werden, um die Stabilitätseigenschaften von Fixpunkten und periodischen Lösungen (Grenzzyklen) des nichtlinearen Differentialgleichungssystems, welches das Stabilitätsverhalten des SWR beschreibt, zu bestimmen. Das ROM, in denen das dynamische System durch gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen (GDG) beschrieben wird, kann relativ einfach mit leistungsfähigen Methoden aus der nichtlinearen Dynamik, wie zum Beispiel die semianalytische Bifurkationsanalyse, gekoppelt werden. Mit solchen Verfahren kann, ohne das DG-System explizit lösen zu müssen, ein Überblick über mögliche Typen von stabilen und instabilen oszillatorischen Verhalten des SWR erhalten werden. Insbesondere sind die Stabilitätseigenschaften von Grenzzyklen, die in Hopf-Bifurkationspunkten entstehen, und die Bedingungen, unter denen sie auftreten, von Interesse. Mit dem Systemcode (RAMONA5) werden dann die mit dem ROM vorhergesagten Phänomene in den entsprechenden Parameterbereichen detaillierter untersucht (Validierung des ROM). Die Methodik dient daher nicht der Verfeinerung der Berechnung linearer Stabilitätsindikatoren (wie das DR). Das ROM-Gleichungssystem entsteht aus den PDGs des Systemcodes durch geeignete (nichttriviale) räumliche Mittelung der PDG. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Reduzierung der räumlichen Komplexität die Stabilitätseigenschaften des SWR nicht signifikant verfälschen, da durch geeignete Mittlungsverfahren, räumliche Effekte näherungsweise in den GDGs berücksichtig werden. Beispielsweise wird die raum- und zeitabhängige Neutronenflussdichte nach räumlichen Moden entwickelt, wobei für eine Simulation der Stabilitätseigenschaften der In-phase- und Out-of-Phase-Leistungsoszillationen nur der Fundamentalmode und der erste azimuthale Mode berücksichtigt werden muss. Das ROM, welches ursprünglich am Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI, Schweiz) in Zusammenarbeit mit der Universität Illinois (USA) entwickelt wurde, ist in zwei wesentlichen Punkten erweitert und verbessert worden: • Entwicklung und Implementierung einer neuen Methode zur Berechnung der Rückkopplungsreaktivitäten • Entwicklung und Implementierung eines Modells zur Beschreibung der Rezirkulationsschleife (insbesondere wurde der Einfluss der Rezirkulationsschleife auf den In-Phase-Oszillationszustand und auf den Out-of-Phase-Oszillationszustand untersucht) • Entwicklung einer physikalisch begründeten Methode zur Berechnung der ROM-Inputdaten • Abschätzung des Einflusses des unterkühlten Siedens im Rahmen der ROM-Näherungen Mit dem erweiterten ROM wurden nichtlineare Stabilitätsanalysen für drei Arbeitspunkte (KKW Leibstadt (Zyklus 7) KKW Ringhals (Zyklus 14) und KKW Brunsbüttel (Zyklus 16)), für die Messdaten vorliegen, durchgeführt. In der Dissertationsschrift wird die RAM-ROM Methode ausführlich am Beispiel eines Arbeitspunktes (OP) des KKW Leibstadt (KKLc7_rec4-OP), in dem eine aufklingende regionale Leistungsoszillation bei einem Stabilitätstest gemessen worden ist, demonstriert. Das ROM sagt die Existenz eines Umkehrpunktes (saddle-node bifurcation of cycles, fold-bifurcation) voraus, der sich im linear stabilen Gebiet nahe der Stabilitätsgrenze befindet. Mit diesem ROM-Ergebnis ist eine neue Interpretation der Stabilitätseigenschaften des KKLc7_rec4-OP möglich. Die Resultate der in der Dissertation durchgeführten RAM-ROM Analyse bestätigen, dass das weiterentwickelte ROM für die Analyse des Stabilitätsverhaltens realer Leistungsreaktoren qualifiziert wurde.

本文使用具有事前訊息的領先指標與期間利差作為預測變數,根據不同利差與落後期選擇的 Probit 模型,利用遞迴的方式預測景氣轉折點發生機率,並進一步將個別預測結果進行組合,試圖找出能降低不確定性且優於個別預測結果的方法。實證結果發現,使用 Diebold and Mariano 檢定的預測包容法為其中最優的組合方法,無論是轉折點訊號或預測誤差都能優於半數以上的個別預測。此外,本文亦估計即期景氣轉折點的發生機率,根據模型的估計結果推斷,自 2012 年 2 月至 2015 年 3 月為止,景氣仍處於擴張階段。

Dans ce travail nous démontrons un théorème de simplification uniforme concernant les équations différentielles ordinaires du second ordre singulièrement perturbées au voisinage d’un point dégénéré, appelé point tournant. Il s’agit d’une version analytique d’un résultat formel dû à Hanson et Russell, qui généralise un théorème connu de Sibuya. Pour traiter ce problème, nous utilisons les développements asymptotiques combinés Gevrey introduits par Fruchard et Schäfke. Dans une première partie nous rappelons les définitions et théorèmes principaux de cette récente théorie. Nous établissons trois résultats généraux que nous utilisons ensuite dans la seconde partie de ce manuscrit pour démontrer le théorème principal de réduction analytique annoncé. Enfin nous considérons des équations différentielles ordinaires d’ordre supérieur à deux, singulièrement perturbées à point tournant, et nous démontrons un théorème de réduction analytique. / In this thesis we prove a theorem of uniform simplification for second order and singularly perturbed differential equations in a full neighborhood of a degenerate point, called a turning point. This is an analytic version of a formal result due to Hanson and Russell, which generalizes a well known theorem of Sibuya. To solve this problem we use the Gevrey composite asymptotic expansions introduced by Fruchard and Schäfke. In the first part we recall the main definitions and theorems of this recent theory. We establish three general results used in the second part of this thesis to prove the main theorem of analytic reduction. Finally we consider ordinary differential equations of order greater than two, which are singularly perturbed and have a turning point, and we prove a theorem of analytic reduction.

The thesis aims to assess the feasibility of the business plan of pre-paid model of tasting of Moravian wine and judge whether it pays off to invest into this business plan. The feasibility study serves to confirm the execution of the business plan. The study describes the establishment of limited liability company and activities that are related to its establishment. It analyzes the environment through PEST analysis and Porter's five forces model. Market research is conducted via a survey, which serves as a basis for determination of an estimate of potential customers. Marketing mix allows to describe the product, pricing, distribution, promotion plan and marketing communications. The final price is determined using the calculation formula. The opening balance sheet of the company is prepared within this thesis. The amount of capital, the costs and sources of funding are determined. The financial plan includes estimated revenue, profit, return on equity and cash flow plan for the first two years of the life of the company.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the design of a pre-station area near the railway station Uherský Ostroh on track 340: Brno - Veselí nad Moravou and its connection to existing roads. The work alternatively addresses the method of connecting the area to the road I/55 in the build-up area of the town, the arrangement of parking and bus stops. Part of the design is also the connection of the area for the needs of pedestrians and suggests places for parking bicycles.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Fitted operator finite difference methods (FOFDMs) for singularly perturbed problems have been explored for the last three decades. The construction of these numerical schemes is based on introducing a fitting factor along with the diffusion coefficient or by using principles of the non-standard finite difference methods. The FOFDMs based on the latter idea, are easy to construct and they are extendible to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) and their systems. Noting this flexible feature of the FOFDMs, this thesis deals with extension of these methods to solve interior layer problems, something that was still outstanding. The idea is then extended to solve singularly perturbed time-dependent PDEs whose solutions possess interior layers. The second aspect of this work is to improve accuracy of these approximation methods via methods like Richardson extrapolation. Having met these three objectives, we then extended our approach to solve singularly perturbed two-point boundary value problems with variable diffusion coefficients and analogous time-dependent PDEs. Careful analyses followed by extensive numerical simulations supporting theoretical findings are presented where necessary.

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