The era of Globalization fastens the pace of corporation internationalization. National boundaries are no longer limitations for the quick transportation of people, commodities or capital all over the world. Under such circumstances, ¡§global mobility¡¨ equals ¡§competitiveness,¡¨ and the concept of ¡§Third-country Expatriation¡¨ takes place coordinately. The utilization of ¡§Third-country Nationals (TCNs)¡¨ within Multinational corporations (MNCs) stands for maturity in global development. It means MNCs already possess several well-developed overseas subsidiaries which are adequate to providing competent expatriates to become TCNs. Third-country Expatriation not only assists MNCs in expanding overseas sites, accelerating regional development, building regional talent pool, but also can be used as strategic management for MNCs to foster global talents or even business successors. Nevertheless, it¡¦s indeed a pity that there are very limited researches related to Third-country Expatriation both among domestic and foreign researchers. Both practitioners and academics have treated lightly the unique role of TCNs in the international workforce. With the growing international development of domestic MNCs and newly emerging overseas markets, the importance of Third-country Expatriation related issues is definitely about to enhance. This research adopts the exploratory quantity method, and conducts the in-depth interview with three domestic and foreign MNCs. Through the examination of their Third-country Expatriation practices, this research is able to come up with a more complete and integrated study on each human resource management activities, including: the planning for Third-country Expatriation system ¡V (1) reasons for third-country expatriation, (2) types and positions for third-country expatriation, (3) the main role of third-country expatriation system¡¦s planning, and the human resource management for Third-country Nationals ¡V (1) TCNs¡¦ selection (including decision-making and selection standards), (2) TCNs¡¦ education and training, (3) TCNs¡¦ compensation management, (4) TCNs¡¦ performance management, (5) TCNs¡¦ repatriation, (6) TCNs¡¦ oversea life support system, (7) other TCNs¡¦ management practices issues. On the other hand, based on the research results, this research also provides some essential suggestions and advices for domestic Taiwanese companies who plan to develop Third-country Expatriation system in the future.

This paper analyzes the Spain’s immigrants’ integration policy with the aim to reveal Spain’s national approach model using path dependence as a theory to search for the consistent and stable constraining or motivating ideas that dictate the direction of Spain’s immigrants’ integration policy. This paper finds out that the public philosophy of Spain is premised on historical ties, the interest is motivated by shared culture and the problem definition is framed based on the country of origin of the immigrants. However, these ideas make Spain’s immigrants’ policy to be restrictive or liberal to some group of immigrants depending on their country of origin. Immigrants from Third country nationals consisting of Latin- America, Andorra, the Philippines, Guinea Equatorial, Portugal and the Sephardic Jews who have had historical experience acquire Spanish Nationality faster than the other immigrants from third country nationals composed mainly of Morocco, Africa and Asia because of the way laws regulating immigrants acquisition of Spanish nationality is designed.

New regulations of labour immigration from countries outside of EU and EEA have on the 15th of December 2008 been introduced into the Swedish legal system. This research examines the law changes of labour immigration from third countries to Sweden at the time of the ratification of the new law. The aim of this research has been to examine how common labour immigration directives and policies of EU are maintained and implemented in the domestic sphere of Sweden and the possible outcomes on the Swedish labour market by applying the current law implementations. The results show the complexity of combining national laws with EU policies and regulations. The main findings show a difficulty of maintaining an unharmed principle of community preference as well as to preserve Swedish employment standards in order not to risk wage dumping when implementing the new law of labour immigration.

Cette thèse vise à analyser l’émergence de l’individu comme un sujet du droit de l’Union européenne s’affirmant face à l’État membre. Elle défend l’idée selon laquelle le droit de l’Union connaît un processus de « subjectivisation fonctionnelle », de source essentiellement juridictionnelle, qui se manifeste par la reconnaissance des droits, des intérêts et de la situation subjective de l’individu, de façon à placer ce dernier au service de la réalisation du projet d’intégration européenne. Prenant une portée constitutionnelle, ce mouvement s’inscrit dans une double logique de protection et d’instrumentalisation de l’individu par l’Union, dialectique inhérente à l’ordre juridique incomplet que constitue l’Union. / This dissertation aims at describing the emergence of the individuals as subjects of European Union law, asserting themselves against the Member State. It upholds the idea that European Union law undergoes a “functional subjectivation” process, mostly based on case-law, materialized by the recognition of the individuals’ rights, interests and subjective situation, in order to make them agents of the European integration project realization. This movement, taking on a constitutional dimension, is part of both a protective and instrumental approach of the individual by the European Union, dialectic inherent to the European Union incomplete legal order.

Cette étude a pour objet principal de présenter une analyse juridique de la libre circulation des ressortissants de pays tiers dans l'UE. La migration et la mobilité des personnes en provenance des pays tiers constituent des thèmes clés pour l’avenir d'un continent européen de plus en plus vieillissant. La présence de ressortissants de pays tiers sur le territoire européen permet d’analyser la relation potentielle des perspectives juridiques de la libre circulation avec les intérêts du marché intérieur. Cette première hypothèse repose en grande partie sur les récentes avancées législatives concernant la mobilité au sein de l'Union. Il est important de préciser que les ressortissants de pays tiers qui voyagent dans l'UE pour des raisons économiques doivent être « mobiles ». Cela suppose « en théorie », selon les dispositions juridiques les plus favorables à la libre circulation, que le législateur européen vise à attirer certains profils de travailleurs sur le territoire de l’UE. Ensuite, cette étude vise à examiner et à souligner l'importance d'assurer la sécurité intérieure au sein de l’UE par rapport à la mobilité des personnes provenant de pays tiers. À cet égard, et en particulier aujourd'hui, tout ressortissant d'un pays tiers qui décide de se déplacer sur le territoire de l'UE, quelle qu’en soit la raison, ne doit pas constituer une menace pour la sécurité intérieure de l'UE. / The main purpose of the doctoral thesis is to provide a legal analysis of the free movement of third-country nationals within the European Union (EU). Migration and mobility of third country nationals represent key topics for the future in Europe. The international migrant population in EU in expected to increase, due to ageing population, impending demographic crisis, global competitiveness and growth, among others. Regarding the presence of third country nationals within European territory, this thesis offers the study of the potential link between provisions on free movement under EU law and the internal market interests. This hypothesis rests to a large extent on the recent legislative developments concerning the mobility of third country nationals within the Union, mainly for persons who travel to the EU for economic reasons. Therefore, «in theory», it is through the most favorable legal provisions on free movement, how the European legislator seeks to attract certain profiles of «mobile workers» from third countries into EU territory. Furthermore, the present thesis tries to examine and underline the importance of guaranteeing the EU internal security with regard to the mobility of third countries nationals. In this respect, and especially these days, any third country national who decides to move into EU territory, for whatever reason, cannot constitute a serious threat to EU public policy or internal security. / La tesis doctoral tiene por objeto principal ofrecer el análisis jurídico de la libre circulación de los nacionales de terceros países en la Unión Europea (UE). La migración y la movilidad de las personas procedentes de terceros países se presentan como temas claves para el futuro de un continente europeo cada vez más envejecido. En relación a la presencia de los nacionales de terceros países en el territorio europeo, por una parte, se analiza en la presente tesis, la potencial relación entre las previsiones jurídicas de la libre circulación con los intereses del mercado interior. Esta primera hipótesis descansa en gran parte, en los recientes avances legislativos relativos a la movilidad dentro de la Unión de los nacionales de terceros países que se desplazan a la UE, sobre todo, por motivos económicos. Por ello, «en teoría», es a través de las previsiones jurídicas más favorables de la libre circulación, como el legislador europeo pretende atraer determinados perfiles de trabajadores «móviles» al territorio europeo. Asimismo, por otra parte, el presente estudio trata de examinar y subrayar la importancia que tiene la garantía de la seguridad interior de la UE en materia de la movilidad de las personas procedentes de terceros países. A este respecto, y sobre todo en la actualidad, cualquier nacional de un tercer país que decide moverse al territorio de la UE, por el motivo que sea, no puede representar una amenaza para la seguridad interior de la UE.

The goal of this diploma thesis is to define, analyze and evaluate the most relevant areas related to the topic of European migration law and politics. Although the subject is quite broad, I try to focus on legal migration. Free movement of EU citizens could not be left out, however I concentrate mainly on position of migrating three country nationals within the EU. I compare the Czech legal system against the European legal system. The thesis has been divided into four chapters, which are further subdivided. In the first chapter the thesis brings a brief definition of the concept of migration in general, including a chronological historical excursion of the European norms connected to the migration law and a description of migration law, politics and the necessity of a suitable integration approach. The second chapter is devoted to create a characterization of the European migration legislation, competences in the field and a definition of fundamental human rights standards. This section also deals with theoretical and practical issues of European citizenship and the associated right of free movement. The third chapter is dedicated to legal issues of migration of third country nationals. From common regulation of borders, protection and criteria of entry, I move to analyze set of rights and...

Humanitarian visas for asylum purposes have been widely discussed in recent years. With few alternatives at their disposal, refugees are forced to illegal and dangerous routes in their attempts to reach Europe. The aim of this study is to investigate the conditions for implementing humanitarian visas in Sweden and to clarify the consequences of Sweden's approach to humanitarian visas for third-country nationals in need of international protection. Using idea analysis as a method, the tenability of two official reports published by the Swedish Government is analyzed. By examining the assessments, an understanding of the conditions for introducing humanitarian visas in Sweden is established. In order to explore the implications of Sweden's position on the right of third country nationals to seek asylum, the study draws on a critical perspective on how migrants and refugees’ risk being subjected to violent border controls and how their legal status is subjected to various kinds of scrutiny.  Several shortcomings are identified in these reports and the conditions thus created for the introduction of humanitarian visas in Sweden. Although the need for more safe and legal routes to seek asylum and the consequences of Sweden's migration and asylum policy are highlighted, no national measures are recommended. Instead, it is recommended that Sweden should lobby for the introduction of humanitarian visas to the EU as a whole, with the overall aim of reducing the number of asylum seekers coming to Sweden in particular. Although it is commonplace for refugees to perish in search of safety, no practical measures are deemed essential to establish safe and legal routes for asylum seekers. State sovereignty thus continues to impede fundamental rights for all. Refugees and asylum seekers are severely affected by the uncertainty as to who is responsible for guaranteeing these fundamental rights. In an attempt to get these basic rights fulfilled, asylum seekers currently must resort to illegal acts at the risk of their lives. / Humanitära visum vid asylskäl har diskuterats flitigt de senaste åren. Med få alternativ till hands tvingas flyktingar ta till illegala och livsfarliga vägar i sina försök att ta sig till Europa. Syftet med studien är därför att utreda vilka förutsättningar som finns för att införa humanitära visum i Sverige samt att tydliggöra konsekvenserna av Sveriges inställning till humanitära visum för tredjelandsmedborgare som har ett internationellt skyddsbehov. Med idéanalys som metod granskas hållbarheten i två statliga offentliga utredningar. Genom att kritiskt granska de bedömningar som görs, skapas förståelse för vilka förutsättningar som finns för att införa humanitära visum i Sverige. För att utreda implikationerna som Sveriges inställning har på tredjelandsmedborgares rätt att söka asyl tar studien stöd av ett kritiskt perspektiv om hur människor på flykt riskerar att utsättas för våldsamma gränskontroller och hur deras juridiska ställning utsätts för olika typer av vågspel.  Flera brister identifieras i utredningarna och de förutsättningar som därmed ges för att införa humanitära visum i Sverige. Trots att behovet av fler säkra och lagliga vägar att söka asyl konstateras, samt att konsekvenserna av Sveriges migrations- och asylpolitik uppmärksammas, rekommenderas inte att några nationella åtgärder vidtas. I stället rekommenderas att Sverige ska framföra påtryckningar för att införa humanitära visum i EU. Ett övergripande mål är samtidigt att minska antalet asylsökande som söker sig till Sverige. Fastän det beskrivs hur människor på flykt omkommer i jakten på säkerhet, så bedöms inte nationella åtgärder vara nödvändiga för att införa säkra och lagliga vägar för asylsökande. Den statliga suveräniteten fortsätter således att utmana rätten till rättigheter för alla. Flyktingar och asylsökande drabbas framför allt av osäkerheten kring vem som är pliktbärare och oklarheter kring hur deras rättigheter ska tillförsäkras. För att försöka få sina rättigheter tillgodosedda tvingas de att ta till illegala handlingar med livet som insats.