As cities face widespread housing shortages, as well as a large need for reducing the average ecological footprint, two of the biggest challenges for the housing sector today concerns affordability and environmental impact. The tiny house movement is a growing movement that is meeting these challenges head-on - but as of now, the topic has been largely overlooked in academia. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the motivations why people choose to live in tiny houses of tiny houses and the challenges the residents encounter. Furthermore, the study explores what can be learned from the tiny house movement that is of relevance to the Swedish housing market. To fulfill the purpose of the study, a mixed-methods approach has been used in the form of a literature study and semi-structured interviews. The most common motivations identified in the study were financial and simplicity. The main challenges were identified to be legal, placement and practical challenges. The results from this study have been very much in line with what previous studies have found, and this could mean that we might be reaching a general understanding of motivations and challenges in the tiny house movement.

Die vier Tiny Tales entstanden 2013 für das Duo Pianoworte mit Helmut Thiele (Sprecher) und Bernd-Christian Schulze (Klavier). Tiny Tales sind Kurzgeschichten, die – entsprechend einer Twitter-Nachricht – mit max. 140 Zeichen auskommen. 1. Geehrter Herr Kritiker (Max Reger) Geehrter Herr Kritiker, ich sitze auf dem stillsten Ort meines Hauses und habe Ihre Rezension vor mir, bald werde ich sie hinter mir haben. 2. Er kletterte immer höher (Helmut Thiele) Er kletterte immer höher. Der Schweiß stand ihm auf der Stirn. Endlich hatte er die Tafel erreicht. Darauf stand: Ende der Fahnenstange. 3. Eine Ameise auf der Flucht (Helmut Thiele) Eine Ameise auf der Flucht. Vor ihr ein reißender Fluss. Wie komme ich ans andere Ufer, dachte sie. Da warf sie das A ab und flog hinüber. 4. Die Stille (Helmut Thiele) „Warum bemerkt mich niemand?“ klagte die Stille. Sie schrie erbost: „Hier bin ich!“ Und alle bemerkten sie. Und niemand erkannte sie.:1. Geehrter Herr Kritiker 2. Er kletterte immer höher 3. Eine Ameise auf der Flucht 4. Die Stille

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<p dir="ltr">As the urbanization trend prevails worldwide, more people are moving to major metropolitan areas, causing housing resources to be in urgent demand. Tiny homes, designed to offer a minimalist lifestyle while also addressing growing housing needs, have become increasingly popular among home seekers. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, individuals primarily spend their time indoors, and with more people adopting work-from-home lifestyles, ensuring a high-quality, sterile, and comfortable indoor environment becomes crucial for indoor occupants. Many studies have highlighted that the activities of occupants significantly influence indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and energy consumption in buildings and applying disinfectants will generate increasing amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which occupants could inhale, causing adverse health effects. Within this thesis, two studies are introduced and discussed. The first study, namely “zEDGE Living Experiments,” conducts a comprehensive evaluation of IEQ satisfaction and energy usage in the Purdue zEDGE Tiny House through real-time measurement and survey analysis. Twenty full-scale experiments were conducted during the winter season. The study first evaluates participants’ perception of IEQ factors, with thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) emerging as top priorities. It then examined energy adaptive behavior to understand maintenance of comfortable indoor conditions, noting primary adaptive strategies including heating, ventilation, and artificial lighting. The study then measured IEQ and energy consumption, evaluating occupants’ IEQ satisfaction levels. The average energy use was recorded at 10.3 kWh, with occupants generally satisfied with IEQ in the zEDGE Tiny House. Analysis indicated that heating and cooking were significant energy consumers, potentially exposing occupants to high indoor air pollutant levels in such compact living spaces. The second campaign, namely “Performance Evaluation of PID and PTR-TOF-MS,” compares the VOC detection abilities of photoionization detectors (PID) and a state-of-the-art proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS). 54 controlled emission experiments were carried out among 18 different disinfectant products with main ingredients based on alcohol, lactic acid, peracetic acid/acetic acid, and botanical products. The results from time-series and correlation analyses indicate that the PID and PTR-TOF-MS were able to detect VOC signals from emission experiments. While the performances of the PID and PTR-TOF-MS were similar under experiments with alcohol-based products, the PID performed less well with products based on lactic acid and botanical products, and unsatisfactory for peracetic acid/acetic acid-based products.</p>

The efficient management of storage units requires a reliable and streamlined move-out process. Manual validation methods are resource intensive. Therefore, the task is to introduce an automated approach that capitalises on modern smartphone capabilities to improve the move-out validation process. Hence, the purpose of this thesis project. The proposed solution is a Proof of Concept (POC) application that utilises the Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor and camera of a modern iPhone. This is performed through RoomPlan, a framework developed for real-time, indoor room scanning. It generates a 3D model of the room with its key characteristics. Moreover, to increase the number detectable object categories, the solution is integrated with the image classifier Tiny YOLOv3. The solution is evaluated through a quantitative evaluation in a storage unit. It shows that the application can validate whether the storage unit is empty or not in all the completed scans. However, an improvement of the object detecition is needed for the solution to work in a commercial case. Therefore, further work includes investigation of the possibilities to expand the object categories within the image classifier or creating a similar detection pipeline as RoomPlan adjusted for this specific case. The usage of LiDAR sensors indicated to be a stable object detector and a successful tool for the assignment. In contrast, the image classifier had lower detection accuracy in the storage unit.

Today, there is a housing shortage in the larger cities. This together with the long housing waiting lists makes it difficult for younger people to make a housing career and invest in a condominium. In 2014, the Swedish Parliament introduced the reform of attefallshus with the aim of reducing the housing shortage in the country and facilitating entry into the housing market. The work studies whether an attefall block can be a favorable housing concept and an example of such a housing concept is designed. The purpose of the study is to analyze which legal obstacles limit a block of attefall houses and whether the housing concept can possibly reduce the housing shortage. To answer the study's purpose and questions, interviews were conducted with experienced people in the field. The results show that very few attefallshus are currently used as dwellings. Instead they have other functions. Furthermore, the results show that the legal obstacles that limit an Attefall block are, according to the study, availability to existing one- or two residential buildings that allows additional buildings of in total 30 on the plot. The interviewees believe that the concept should change the name to single-family neighborhoods and establish detailed development plans specifically for this. The conclusions are that an attefall block will not be economically favorable, is impracticable and not a solution for housing shortages.

This project evaluates the opportunity to convert a three-cylinder automobile piston engine (the Tiny Friendly Giant) to an aircraft engine from an environmental and practical point of view. The problem of increased emissions from aviation calls for technical and socioeconomic solutions, which is the reason why this report is written. The main goals are to choose the best fuel for the piston engine in aviation, as well as to study emissions, engine cooling and practical challenges with conversion. The structure resembles a feasibility study where the problem is solved using literature in a trade study, together with emission estimations using The Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies Model framework and Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2. An estimation for engine cooling is done using a semiemprical method from Lycoming, showing air cooling can be sufficient for the Tiny Friendly Giant in aviation. The results furthermore show that none of the alternative automobile fuels are appropriate for use in aviation and that alternative pathways to jet fuel are more suited for high altitude. The conclusion is thus that the engine should be converted to jet fuel compatibility. To avoid large turning moment fluctuations, two-stroke can be applied. Conversion and use of the engine in aviation is not considered to be feasible because of practical limitations - instead the study concludes designing a new engine from scratch is easier and most likely quicker. The study shows that reducing carbon dioxide emissions also lead to reductions in water and sulfur- and nitrous oxides. However, the same mitigation strategy leads to increase in carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. In general, the conclusion is that alternative fuels can significantly reduce aircraft emissions. / Detta examensarbete utvärderar möjligheten att konvertera en trecylindrig bilkolvmotor (Tiny Friendly Giant motorn) till en flygplansmotor från en miljömässig och praktisk synvinkel. Problemet med ökade utsläpp från flyget kräver tekniska och socioekonomiska lösningar, vilket är anledningen till att detta arbete är genomfört. De största målen går ut på välja det bästa bränslet för kolvmotorn inom flyget, samt att studera utsläpp, motorkylning och praktiska utmaningar med konvertering. Strukturen liknar en förstudie där problemet löses med hjälp av litteratur i en paramterstudie, tillsammans med utsläppsuppskattningar med hjälp av The Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies Model ramverket och Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2. En uppskattning för motorkylning är beräknat med en semiemprisk metod från Lycoming, som visar att luftkylning vara tillräckligt för Tiny Friendly Giant motorn inom flyg. Resultaten visar vidare att inget av de alternativa bilbränslena är lämpliga för användning inom flyget och att alternativa vägar till flygbränsle är mer lämpat för hög höjd. Slutsatsen är att motorn bör konverteras till flygbränslekompatibilitet. För att undvika stora vridmomentfluktuationer kan tvåtakt användas. Konvertering och användning av motorn inom flyget anses inte vara genomförbart på grund av praktiska begränsningar - istället drar studien slutsatsen att design av en ny motor från grunden är enklare och med största sannolikhet snabbare. Studien visar att minskade koldioxidutsläpp också leder till minskningar av vatten och svavel- och dikväveoxider. Samma strategi leder dock till en ökning av kolmonoxid och kolväten. Generellt sett är slutsatsen att alternativa bränslen avsevärt kan minska flygplanens utsläpp.

Föreliggande examensarbete behandlar ett alternativt boende i form av camper van. En camper van är en skåpbil som byggs om för att kunna leva eller semestra i. Det finns idag flera olika grupper på sociala medier som diskuterar byggen och reser tillsammans med sina vans, vilket tyder på att intresset för byggandet av desamma är stort. Förslaget för examensarbetet uppkom efter att författaren själv byggde en camper van för att bo i under vintern 2019/2020. De tekniska detaljerna för det specifika bygget finns återgivet som designförslag 1 i rapporten. Ytterligare två designförslag finns att tillgå vilka behandlar en annan typ av inredning samt en skåpbil med mindre volym. De båda senare presenteras i form av layout med förslag kring designval. De tre designförslagen designades i 3D med hjälp av Autodesk Inventor. Arbetet började med den fysiska byggnationen av det första förslaget och avslutades med rapporten, därav fanns grundad information om funktionaliteten på designförslag 1. De två följande förslagen uppnåddes med hjälp av brainstorming samt screening och scoring för att få fram nya idéer. Det första förslaget var tänkt kunna vara ett hållbart boende för en till två personer under ett år i södra Sverige. Designförslag 2 var riktat till två vuxna och ett barn för boende under sommarsemestern. Det sista förslaget riktades mot en person som sporadiskt lever och jobbar i fält. För att samla information om isolering, kondens, konstruktion, värmekälla och elektricitet användes dels sociala medier, främst forum för övergriplig informationshantering. Kunskaper inom hållbarhet, konstruktion, CAD och ellära kunde användas från utbildningen för att bekräfta information samt för att komma med egna förslag. Designförslag 1 som behandlas i rapporten föreslår att hampafiber används till väggar och tak samt XPS-skivor i golvet som isoleringsmaterial. Teoretiskt ger detta en effektförlust på drygt 900 W med användning av 50 mm av vardera material. Pga effektförluster i skarvar valdes en 3 kW dieselvärmare för portabel värme samt ett 2 kW el-element för tillgång till el från det fasta nätet. Med två stycken 100 Ah AGM-batterier klarade camper vanen försörja ett dygnsbehov av el med normal förbrukning av dieselvärmare, laddare, takfläkt, kylskåp och lampor. Laddning av batterierna skedde via bilens generator, fasta elnätet samt 200 W solpaneler. Då examensarbetet främst behandlar teori ska det inte ses som en manual för ett bygge men väl som en inspiration för möjliga lösningar. Avsnittet som behandlar installation av elektricitet ska läsas med extra försiktighet då stora konsekvenser kan fås vid feldimensionering, konsultera alltid en expert. / Following thesis work has a take on alternative living in the form of a camper van. A camper van is a van with the interior rebuilt for the sake of living or vacation. Today there are numerous groups of people gathered on our social platforms where they discuss their builds and travel along with their vans. This indicates a big interest in the common population regarding these tiny moving houses. The proposition for the thesis developed during the build of a camper van for year-round living during the winter of 2019/2020 in Sweden, by the author of the thesis. The technical aspect of that specific build is available as the first design proposition. There are two additional design propositions where one treats the same volume and the other is smaller. The later two propositions are presented only as layouts. All three propositions were designed in 3D using Autodesk Inventor. The work started with the physical build of the first proposition and ended in this report, which made the functionality firmly grounded in the first proposition. The following two propositions were developed with tools such as brainstorming, screening and scoring. That is to be creative and think through each idea. The first proposition was made to support one to two persons in their daily living during one year in the southern parts of Sweden. The second proposition was made for holiday trips with a family of two adults and one child. In the last proposition focus was given on the lonely working person on the field, with an easy, comfortable bed and room for office products. The information regarding isolation, condensation, construction, source of heat and electricity was gathered in forums on social media. Tools from education such as Design For Environment, construction, CAD and electrical principles were used to further and deeper develop an understanding. Proposition 1 that is being treated in the report suggests hemp fiber and XPS as the isolation och choice. The theoretical loss of effect is 902 W using 50 mm of each isolation material. Loss of effect occurs in many other places, hence a 3 kW diesel heater is being used as a portable option and a stationary 2 kW electrical heater when connected to the grid. Two 100 Ah AGM-batteries are being used to power a normal 24 hours usage of heater, fan, chargers, refrigerator and lamps. To charge the batteries the generator of the car, the grid and 200 W solar panels were being used. The thesis work foremost treats theory and is not meant to be used as a manual for a camper van build. It is meant as an inspiration to show possible builds and solutions. Regarding electricity work it is mostly recommended to read the owners manual and always consult experts in the field.