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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

UTILIZING BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS TO INCREASE APPROPRIATE WAITING BEHAVIOR WITH INDIVIDUALS DIAGNOSED WITH ASD: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Markovich, Abigail January 2020 (has links)
Children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often engage in impulsive, dysfunctional, and maladaptive behaviors (Dawson, Matson, & Cherry, 1998). Research has shown the individuals diagnosed with ASD often exhibit problem behavior when they are required to wait for a preferred item. In fact, research has demonstrated that individuals diagnosed with ASD often choose smaller, immediate reinforcer over larger, delayed reinforcer. Most of the research conducted, however, has previously focused on teaching waiting for a preferred item within the ADHD population. The purpose of the current literature review was to evaluate recent research utilizing behavior interventions to increase socially appropriate waiting with individuals diagnosed with ASD. This review assessed the age of participants, setting(s), research design, independent variables, results, and effectiveness. This review also evaluated the rigor of those studies included utilizing the Quality and Rigor Checklist (Ledford, Lane, & Tate, 2018). Lastly, this review provides recommendations to clinicians currently practicing with the field. / Applied Behavioral Analysis
2

A weight initialization method based on neural network with asymmetric activation function

Liu, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, Qichun 14 February 2022 (has links)
Yes / Weight initialization of neural networks has an important influence on the learning process, and the selection of initial weights is related to the activation interval of the activation function. It is proposed that an improved and extended weight initialization method for neural network with asymmetric activation function as an extension of the linear interval tolerance method (LIT), called ‘GLIT’ (generalized LIT), which is more suitable for higher-dimensional inputs. The purpose is to expand the selection range of the activation function so that the input falls in the unsaturated region, so as to improve the performance of the network. Then, a tolerance solution theorem based upon neural network system is given and proved. Furthermore, the algorithm is given about determining the initial weight interval. The validity of the theorem and algorithm is verified by numerical experiments. The input could fall into any preset interval in the sense of probability under the GLIT method. In another sense, the GLIT method could provide a theoretical basis for the further study of neural networks. / The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This paper is partly supported by National Science Foundation of China under Grants (62073226, 61603262), Liaoning Province Natural Science Foundation (2020-KF-11-09, 2021-KF-11-05), Shen-Fu Demonstration Zone Science and Technology Plan Project (2020JH13, 2021JH07), Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Funds of Liaoning Province (2021JH6).
3

Oncology Activity

Gill, J.H., Shnyder, Steven 13 February 2024 (has links)
No / The development of therapeutics to treat cancer is conceptually more difficult than for nonlife-threatening diseases for several reasons, including its complex pathophysiological nature, the molecular individuality of each tumor, and the robustness and predictability of preclinical models toward determining efficacy and safety. A major limitation to development of a “blockbuster” therapeutic strategy is the infinite combination of cellular and molecular perturbations and associated heterogeneity of causative genetic factors driving disease progression. Although challenging, the diversity of drug targets, coupled with the lethality of the disease, has encouraged studies of a vast array of approaches and opportunities for disease treatment over the years.
4

目標設定、失敗容忍力、歸因型態與失敗反應的關係

林淑美, LIN, SHU-MEI Unknown Date (has links)
Glasser(1969)在其「無失敗的學校」一書中指出:學校的主要問題即 在失敗問題。在我國升學主義瀰漫的國中教育情境中,各種不同的考試是造成學生失 敗或挫折感的一大來源。許多人認為失敗會導致種種不良的後果,如自信心喪失、自 尊心受損、挫折感等,而影響往後的學習與行為表現。然而,有些研究曾分別以成就 動機、學習無助、及歸因等理論為架構,探討失敗對行為表現的影響,卻發現失敗具 有增進行為表現的作用。因此,吾人有必要進一步探析:在何種情況下,失敗具有正 面的作用?在何種情況下,會產生負面的作用? 克利芙(Clifford, 1984)不但提醒吾人不可忽視失敗的正面作用, 更以「目標」的概念來定義失敗,而提出如下假設: (1)目標難度與失敗後的建設性反應呈曲線關係; (2)個體在自定目標的工作上失敗,比在指定目標的工作上失敗,產生較積極的反 應。 本研究之目的,即在考驗克利芙的假設,以瞭解不同的目標設定與國中生學業失敗反 應的關係。此外,由於個體間生活經驗、人格特質不同,對於失敗的反應亦有差異, 因此,本研宄亦探討個別差異與失敗反應的關係。 本趼究抽枝台北市十二所國中二年級學生920名為施測對象。依九種操作情境(3 種目標難度×3種目標來源),將問卷發給受試,採團體施測方式。自變項為目標難 度、目標來源、失敗容忍力、和歸因型態,依變項為失敗反應。以多元迴歸為主要統 計分析法。 研究結果發現個別差異變項比目標難度、目標來源,更能預測個體之失敗反應。克利 芙的假設並未獲支持。
5

Transfert des éléments traces métalliques vers les végétaux : mécanismes et évaluations des risques dans des environnements exposés à des activités anthropiques / Transfer of metallic elements to plants : mecanisms and risk assessments in environments exposed to anthropogenic activities

Assad, Mohamad 16 February 2017 (has links)
Les décharges de résidus riches en éléments traces métalliques (ETMs) issus des activités industrielles représentent un risque potentiel de pollution de l’environnement. Ces décharges de résidus exigent une stabilisation des ETMs pour limiter leur dispersion par l'air, le sol, et les cours d’eau, et in fine leur transport vers des zones initialement non contaminées. Cette stabilisation peut être obtenue par un couvert végétal adéquat. Ce travail de thèse a porté sur 3 sites expérimentaux, qui ont comme point commun d’être des zones de stockage de sédiments contaminés ou d’effluents industriels chargés en ETMs. L’objectif général de ce travail de thèse était d’étudier les modes de transfert et de stockage d’ETMs vers les parties aériennes de végétaux cultivés sur les sols issus de ces sites expérimentaux. Le premier objectif concernait une décharge d’effluents (Inovyn), issus de l’activité électrolytique de l’usine Solvay (Tavaux) et enrichi en Hg. Le Hg, en raison de son faible point d’ébullition est facilement transféré des sédiments vers l’atmosphère sous forme de composés volatiles. Ainsi, la couverture végétale de cette lagune est exposée par sa biomasse aérienne aux composés volatiles de Hg, mais également par la rhizosphère aux composés du Hg présents dans le substrat. Dans ce travail de thèse plusieurs espèces végétales de la famille des Salicacées (peuplier) et des Solanacées (poivron, tomate, aubergine, et tabac) ont été exposées au Hg, dans des expériences en pot, avec simple exposition à une atmosphère enrichie en Hg, ou double exposition à un sol et à une atmosphère enrichis en Hg. Dans tous les cas de figure, le transfert de Hg dans les feuilles ne se produit que par voie aérienne, et l’accumulation augmente significativement avec l’âge des feuilles. Nous avons également mis en évidence que les teneurs en Hg des fruits des Solanacées étaient environ 100 fois plus faibles que celles des feuilles, limitant ainsi le risque d’exposition au Hg par leur consommation. Nous avons par ailleurs démontré qu’une faible proportion (7%) du Hg est sous forme méthylHg dans les feuilles de peuplier, et que 16 à 26% du Hg accumulé dans les feuilles de poivron ou peuplier étaient liés à des protéines solubles. Le deuxième objectif concerne les sites de Thann (Cristal) et Fresnes sur Escaut (VNF), pour lesquels nous avons étudiés le transfert d’ETMs vers des espèces potagères, afin de mimer l’impact de ces contaminants sur les cultures en jardins potagers. Le peuplier a également été utilisé comme espèce de référence. Les quantités de masse fraîche des parties comestibles à ingérer pour atteindre la dose journalière ont été calculées pour chaque ETM. Seuls le Cd (Fresnes) et le Cr (Thann) présentaient un risque potentiel, puisqu’ils s’accumulent dans les parties consommables de ces végétaux à des teneurs élevées. Il faut toutefois noter que ces expériences ont été réalisées dans des scénarios où les conditions d’exposition étaient maximisées. Le transfert des ETMs (notamment le Cd et le Zn) vers le peuplier a confirmé des études précédentes, ce qui souligne l’importance d’une gestion adaptée de la biomasse produite sur de tels sites. D’un point de vue écologique les travaux de cette thèse confirment l’importance et la nécessité de la végétalisation des sites contaminés par des ETMs afin de limiter la dispersion des poussières, et en conséquence les ETMs aux alentours. D’un point de vue sanitaire, les travaux soulignent l’importance d’estimer le risque spécifique lié à l’ingestion d’espèces végétales d’intérêt alimentaires cultivées régulièrement par les habitants aux alentours des sites potentiellement émetteurs d’ETMs, en générant un lien entre espèce et ETMs accumulés. Ce travail apporte donc un certain nombre d’éléments pour la compréhension du devenir d’ETMs et notamment le Hg dans le système sol/plante et les risques associés à l’ingestion des parties comestibles des végétaux cultivés potentiellement contaminées. / Metal trace element (HME) -free residues from industrial activities represent a potential risk of environmental pollution. These tailings dumps require a stabilization of the ETMs to limit their dispersion by air, soil, and streams, and ultimately their transport to initially uncontaminated areas. This stabilization can be achieved by adequate plant cover. This thesis work focused on 3 experimental sites, which have as common point to be contaminated sediment storage areas or industrial effluents loaded with ETMs. The general objective of this thesis work was to study the transfer and storage modes of ETMs to the aerial parts of plants grown on soils from these experimental sites. The first objective concerned a discharge of effluents (Inovyn), resulting from the electrolytic activity of the Solvay (Tavaux) plant and enriched in Hg. The Hg, because of its low boiling point, is easily transferred from the sediments to the atmosphere in the form of volatile compounds. Thus, the vegetal cover of this lagoon is exposed by its aerial biomass to the volatile compounds of Hg, but also by the rhizosphere to the Hg compounds present in the substrate. In this work, several plant species of the Salicaceae family (poplar) and Solanaceae (pepper, tomato, aubergine, and tobacco) were exposed to Hg in pot experiments, with simple exposure to a Hg-enriched atmosphere. , or double exposure to Hg-enriched soil and atmosphere. In all cases, transfer of Hg into the leaves occurs only by air, and accumulation increases significantly with leaf age. We also found that the Hg content of the Solanaceae fruit was about 100 times lower than that of the leaves, thus limiting the risk of exposure to Hg through their consumption. We have also shown that a small proportion (7%) of the Hg is in the form of methylHg in poplar leaves, and that 16 to 26% of the Hg accumulated in pepper or poplar leaves were bound to soluble proteins. The second objective concerns the Thann (Cristal) and Fresnes sur Escaut (VNF) sites, for which we have studied the transfer of ETMs to vegetable species, in order to mimic the impact of these contaminants on vegetable garden crops. Poplar has also been used as a reference species. The amounts of fresh mass of the edible parts to be ingested to reach the daily dose were calculated for each MTE. Only Cd (Fresnes) and Cr (Thann) presented a potential risk, since they accumulate in the consumable parts of these plants at high levels. It should be noted, however, that these experiments were conducted in scenarios where exposure conditions were maximized. The transfer of ETMs (including Cd and Zn) to poplar has confirmed previous studies, highlighting the importance of appropriate management of the biomass produced at such sites. From an ecological point of view, the work of this thesis confirms the importance and the necessity of the revegetation of the sites contaminated by ETMs in order to limit the dispersion of the dust, and consequently the ETMs around. From a health point of view, the work emphasizes the importance of estimating the specific risk related to the ingestion of vegetable species of interest regularly grown by the inhabitants around the sites potentially emitting ETMs, generating a link between species and accumulated ETMs. This work therefore provides a number of elements for understanding the fate of ETMs and in particular the Hg in the soil / plant system and the risks associated with the ingestion of the edible parts of potentially contaminated cultivated plants.

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