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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

有關有界雙容忍序的探討 / A Study on Bounded Bitolerance Orders

伍芷嫻 Unknown Date (has links)
在這篇論文中,我們探討了最近在有界雙容忍序中的一些成果。同時, 我們提供一些標準的簡短證明,包含有界雙容忍序的等價種類, 單位有界雙容忍序與適當有界雙容忍序的關係。 我們的目標是希望能在有界雙容忍序的現今地位上,去提供新的洞悉,並給未來學習者一個方向。 / In the paper、we study recent work on some classes of bounded bitolerance orders. Also, we provide the short proofs of some of classical results on bounded bitolerance orders, including the equivalent classes of bounded bitolerance orders、the relation of unit and proper bitolerance orders. Our goal is to provide the fresh insights into the current status of research in the area while suggesting directions for the future.
2

貪腐零容忍的認知分析 / Perception analysis of zero tolerance on corruption

陳思涵, Chen, Sz Han Unknown Date (has links)
近年來法務部提出「貪腐零容忍」(zero tolerance on corruption)的概念,期望可以型塑不容忍貪腐的社會文化,鼓勵全民踴躍參與廉政事務和勇於檢舉貪瀆,以建構廉能政府。紐西蘭在2016年全球清廉印象指數的評比中排名第一,其法務部長在接受媒體訪問時表示,可以榮獲第一的關鍵是:「推動貪腐零容忍政策。」可見在實務界,貪腐零容忍是一個跨越國界廣受使用的概念。然而,何謂貪腐零容忍?針對這個重要概念,過去雖有少數文獻提及,卻未直接說明何謂貪腐零容忍,也較少有文獻去討論民眾對於貪腐容忍的認知,若能了解民眾對於貪腐容忍的認知,便能制定相對應的政策,提高我國的競爭力。 故本研究想探究民眾對於貪腐容忍的認知、貪腐容忍對於貪腐情境的判斷及舉發意願的影響。本研究採取次級資料分析及深度訪談兩種研究方法,次級資料分析,採用於余致力、莊文忠(2016)年的在電訪調查,以臺北市的成年民眾為調查母體,採分層隨機抽樣方法調查1,069個有效樣本,調查資料經樣本代表性檢定與加權處理後進行分析,分為「貪腐零容忍」的民眾與「貪腐能容忍」的民眾,並探討受訪者對於各種具體貪腐情境在判斷上的差異及對於貪腐的舉發意願。在深度訪談中,訪談了一般民眾及公務人員,共27位受訪者,期望可以藉此彌補量化統計無法了解的問題。 本研究發現,不同的人口變項對於貪腐容忍程度有差異,貪腐零容忍者與貪能容忍者對於具體貪腐情境的判斷也有不同,貪腐零容忍者較貪腐能容忍者更願意舉發貪腐。大部分民眾對於貪腐情境的判斷受到個人經驗、風俗文化及法律規範影響,大多數的民眾表示願意舉發貪腐事件但卻擔心受到報復。本研究建議可以跳脫台北市的疆界,並檢視目前不合宜的立法。 / In recent years, the Ministry of Justice has been promoting “Zero Tolerance on Corruption”, in order to create a corruption-free society, and encourage all citizens to partake in anti-corruption affairs and report corruption. In 2016, New Zealand has reclaimed top spot in global anti-corruption rankings, as a result of its zero-tolerance on bribery and corruption. Therefore, zero tolerance on corruption is a widely used notion in many countries, but it has not been fully discussed in previous academic literature. Accordingly, this study aims to explore people’s tolerance on corruption, and how they evaluate some specific situations of corruption when they self-reported that they have zero tolerance on corruption. Moreover, this study examines whether tolerance on corruption will affect people’s willingness to report corruption. This study adopted two research methods, secondary data analysis and in-depth interview. The secondary data from Yu and Juang (2016) were collected through telephone survey on 1,069 subjects, based on the stratified random sampling of adult population in Taipei City. In-depth interviews were conducted on 27 people, including government officials and general public who live in Taipei. This study finds that the demographic variables will affect tolerance on corruption. In most cases, people who self-reported they have zero tolerance on corruption have a significantly different evaluation of specific situations of corruption as compared to people who self-reported they are somewhat tolerant to corruption. People that have high willingness to report the corruption have zero tolerance on corruption. Most people are willing to report the corruption, but they worry about being retaliated.
3

影音光碟盜版風險之研究-估計盜版國家容忍率

周沂萍, Chou ,Yi Pin Unknown Date (has links)
近年來音樂與電影光碟盜版問題嚴重,使得各國大力查緝盜版,但以風險管理的概念,短時間要使盜版率急速的下降,必然花費無數的金錢與人力,但放任風險不管,則盜版風險遭受到的損失會無窮大。因此在管理影音盜版光碟時,必然有一個合理盜版風險容忍率。而一國的盜版可能與國家整體的社經條件有關,故本研究將1998年到2002年世界盜版國家劃分數個分類國家(排除有效樣本少於實際樣本70%的分類國家),以主成份分析法來歸併經濟、教育、人口、科技總體指標,再以複迴歸分析各自建立模式,據此估計其各分類國家盜版率之平均值,作為本研究影音光碟盜版風險的容忍率。研究結果顯示: 1. 一國經濟、教育、科技水準愈高,影音光碟盜版率可能會愈低。 2. 音樂光碟盜版價格愈低,音樂盜版率愈高;音樂光碟正版價格的高低,對音樂盜版率無明顯影響。 3. 被列入特別301名單後的國家,部份國家影音盜版情形仍然嚴重,並無改善。 4. 東歐國家平均五年音樂光碟盜版風險容忍率:49.07 %;美洲國家:46.17 %;亞洲國家:43.78 %;西歐國家:11.22 %。亞洲國家平均五年電影光碟盜版風險容忍率:62.34 %;美洲國家:62.66 %。 5. 超過分類國家影音盜版風險容忍率的國家。其中音樂盜版最為嚴重的前十大國家為:巴基斯坦、巴拉圭、中國、秘魯、希臘、印尼、立陶宛、厄瓜多爾、烏克蘭、馬來西亞。電影部份,超過所屬分類國家容忍率20%以上有:玻利維亞、哥倫比亞、菲律賓、泰國、中國。影音盜版風險應積極管理之。 關鍵字:影音光碟盜版風險;容忍率
4

標註系統輔助不同模糊容忍度國小學童英語閱讀之研究 / A study on different tolerance of ambiguity of elementary school students in English reading with annotation system

林秀芩, Lin, Hsiu Chin Unknown Date (has links)
本研究針對澎湖縣馬公市三十四位國小五年級學童,進行五週標註系統輔助不同模糊容忍度學童進行英語閱讀學習的課程,旨在透過標註系統探討不同模糊容忍度之國小學童,在標註系統使用表現上的差異,以及使用標註後標註行為與閱讀成效的改變。 本研究蒐集了量化與質性的資料,量化的資料方面,以第二語言模糊容忍度量表、全國兒童暨青少年英語分級檢定之文章與測驗,與政大圖資所「數位圖書館暨數位學習實驗室」所開發的Glias閱讀標註系統為工具,獲得教學實驗資料進行統計分析;質性資料方面,係透過課堂討論學習單與半結構式訪談,獲得資料並進行分析。茲將主要研究發現分述如下: 一、標註系統有助於提升學習者的英語閱讀成績,特別有助於模糊容忍度低的學習者。 二、透過開放式標註,不同模糊容忍度學習者在部分類型標註與總標註數量上都顯著地減少,尤其是模糊容忍度中與低的學習者。 三、透過開放式標註,整體學生在個人意見的標註數量上顯著地增加。 四、不同模糊容忍度的學習者在開放式標註系統的標註字數與被投票數的表現上有所差異,但經過兩次開放式標註系統的使用後則無顯著差異。 五、不同模糊容忍度的學習者最喜歡建立也覺得最有用的都是解釋類型的標註,但不同模糊容忍度的學習者喜歡的理由各異。 六、模糊容忍度不同的學習者瀏覽時最喜愛的標註類型不同。 七、在兩次開放式標註下,不再是標註數量或標註字數多,分數才高。 八、重點提醒的標註寫得越好的學習者,其英語閱讀測驗成績越高。 九、模糊容忍度各組中進步最多者都善加應用標註系統的優勢。 十、多數學生對開放式標註系統輔助英語閱讀持肯定態度。 基於上述研究結果,本研究亦針對實務教學者與後續研究提出相關建議。 / This research focused on studying 34 elementary grade 5 students at Magong City, Penghu County and proceed five weeks of classes on students’ with different tolerance of ambiguity in English reading study through the assistance of annotation system. The purpose is to learn the differences on the students studying performance through the assistance of annotation system on students with different tolerance of ambiguity and the changes of reading result and annotating behavior after using the annotation system. This research collected a lot of quantitative and qualitative data, in terms of quantitative data, there are second language tolerance of ambiguity scale chart, the general English proficiency tests’ articles and tests for children and teenagers, and the statistical analysis gathered using the Glias reading annotation system tool developed by NCCU Graduate Institute of Library, Information and Archival Studies’ “digital library and digital learning laboratory.”; in terms of qualitative data are data and statistics gathered through class discussion and semi-structured interviews. A summary of the key findings are: 1. Annotation system effectively increases the English reading scores for students especially with low tolerance of ambiguity. 2. Through open annotation labeling, different students with different tolerance of ambiguity effectively reduced some types and the total numbers of annotation labeling, especially for students with medium and low tolerance of ambiguity. 3. Through open annotation labeling, the number of labeling in students personal opinion have increased. 4. Students with different level of tolerance of ambiguity have different performance in terms of the number of open annotation labeling system and the number of system that were voted, but after using open annotation system for two times, there were little differences. 5. Students with different level of tolerance of ambiguity like to establish and also think the most useful annotation labeling is the explanation types, but their reason for liking the system varies. 6. The favrorite browsing type of annotation labeling for students with different level of tolerance of ambiguity varies. 7. After two open annotation labeling, the score doesn’t increase when there are more annotation labeling. 8. The better annotation labeling for the main point is related to the higher score on the English reading test. 9. In different groups of students of different level of tolerance of ambiguity, the students that improve the most are students who know how to use the annotation system to its advantage. 10. Most students agreed that open annotation system is effective in assisting reading English articles. In conclusion, this research will also propose related suggestions to practice educators and the follow-up studies.
5

目標設定、失敗容忍力、歸因型態與失敗反應的關係

林淑美, LIN, SHU-MEI Unknown Date (has links)
Glasser(1969)在其「無失敗的學校」一書中指出:學校的主要問題即 在失敗問題。在我國升學主義瀰漫的國中教育情境中,各種不同的考試是造成學生失 敗或挫折感的一大來源。許多人認為失敗會導致種種不良的後果,如自信心喪失、自 尊心受損、挫折感等,而影響往後的學習與行為表現。然而,有些研究曾分別以成就 動機、學習無助、及歸因等理論為架構,探討失敗對行為表現的影響,卻發現失敗具 有增進行為表現的作用。因此,吾人有必要進一步探析:在何種情況下,失敗具有正 面的作用?在何種情況下,會產生負面的作用? 克利芙(Clifford, 1984)不但提醒吾人不可忽視失敗的正面作用, 更以「目標」的概念來定義失敗,而提出如下假設: (1)目標難度與失敗後的建設性反應呈曲線關係; (2)個體在自定目標的工作上失敗,比在指定目標的工作上失敗,產生較積極的反 應。 本研究之目的,即在考驗克利芙的假設,以瞭解不同的目標設定與國中生學業失敗反 應的關係。此外,由於個體間生活經驗、人格特質不同,對於失敗的反應亦有差異, 因此,本研宄亦探討個別差異與失敗反應的關係。 本趼究抽枝台北市十二所國中二年級學生920名為施測對象。依九種操作情境(3 種目標難度×3種目標來源),將問卷發給受試,採團體施測方式。自變項為目標難 度、目標來源、失敗容忍力、和歸因型態,依變項為失敗反應。以多元迴歸為主要統 計分析法。 研究結果發現個別差異變項比目標難度、目標來源,更能預測個體之失敗反應。克利 芙的假設並未獲支持。
6

接觸大眾媒介行為與政治社會化關聯性之研究--以政大學生政治容忍度為例

田秀萍, TIAN, XIU-PING Unknown Date (has links)
大眾媒介一直被視為政治社會化的學習機構之一。國外曾有相當的研究探討,媒介功 能者。本研究即是以政治容忍度為研究主題,探討大眾媒介與政治社會化的關聯性。 並試圖以因徑分析驗證研究架構的解釋力。 本論文共一冊,約三萬字。分為第一章緒論,第二章研究方法,第三章大學生個人及 社會屬性與權威人格、政治知議及政治態度關取性分析。第四章接解媒介行為與政治 容忍度因徑分析。第五章結論。 論文第一章分三節為:研究動機與目的,相關理論;及相關文獻。 第二章分四節為:研究架構;研究運作界定與假設;問卷;及抽樣。 第三章分三節,以T 檢定及變異數分析之統計方法,探討大學生個人及社會屬性與權 威人格及政治知識、政治態度之關聯性。 第四章分四節,以逐步多元迴歸之統計方法,驗證研究架構。 第五章分兩節為:研究主要發現、檢討與建議。
7

最大,二分,外平面圖之容忍表示法 / The Tolerance Representations of Maximal Bipartite Outerplanar Graphs

賴昱儒 Unknown Date (has links)
在這篇論文中,我們針對2-連通的最大外平面圖而且是二分圖的圖形,討論 其容忍表示法,並找到它的所有禁止子圖H1、H2、H3、H4。 / In this thesis, we prove a 2-connected graph G which is maximal outerplanar and bipartite is a tolerance graph if and only if there is no induced subgraphs H1; H2; H3 and H4 of G.
8

台灣民眾政治容忍之研究

鄧忠俊 Unknown Date (has links)
政治容忍乃是民眾願意給予與自己立場不同的團體或是意見,發表其言論與意見的自由與權利,對於民主社會有一定的意義,而在國內對於政治容忍的相關研究尚不普遍,且距今已多年,在台灣政治環境劇烈變遷之下,民眾政治容忍的全貌如何?筆者藉由檢視TEDS2003與TEDS2004LB資料,觀察台灣民眾政治容忍的變化,同時也探討影響台灣民眾政治容忍的因素,對於「主張建立台灣共和國的人」與「主張接受一國兩制的人」是否同意其具有集會遊行、在學校教書與競選公職等公民權利的測量。研究發現民眾對於競選公職的權利較為容忍,對於集會遊行的權利較不容忍,筆者認為乃由於集會遊行會帶來政治混亂、交通阻塞,因此相對於競選公職權利,對於民眾自身的感受較深,另外透過兩個年度資料分析也發現民眾的政治容忍的確有愈來愈提升的趨勢。 在影響政治容忍因素的模型檢證中,發現教育程度、民主價值與威脅的認知具有一致性的影響,具有大專以上或高中職教育程度、民主價值愈高、認為該主張沒有威脅的民眾,其政治容忍也愈高。另外,研究發現傾向支持獨立的民眾不僅對於台灣共和國主張較容忍,同時對於一國兩制的主張也能有相當的政治容忍。而大陸各省市籍的民眾對於一國兩制的主張反而有較不容忍的情形,筆者認為可能這些民眾心中支持的「統一」與「一國兩制」是有所不同。 而筆者也進一步探討威脅與民主價值、教育程度與民主價值的關係,研究發現即使民眾認為這些主張對於社會是有威脅的,只要民眾的民主價值愈高,政治容忍也是愈高。而教育程度與民主價值的關係,在2003年資料分析中,並未達到顯著差異,而在2004年資料分析中,則顯示在相同民主價值之下,只要民眾的教育程度較高,其政治容忍也會較高。
9

最大外平面圖的有界容忍表示法 / Bounded Tolerance Representation for Maximal Outerplanar Graphs

郭瓊雲 Unknown Date (has links)
本文針對2-連通的最大外平面圖,討論其有界容忍表示法,且找到禁止子圖S3。我們更進一步證明:如果一個2-連通的最大外平面圖恰有兩個點的度為2時,則此圖為區間圖。 / We prove that a 2-connected maximal outerplanar graph G is a bounded tolerance graph if and only if there is no induced subgraph S3 of G and G has no induced subgraph S3 if and only if G is an interval graph.
10

青少年挫折經驗與挫折容忍度之關係研究--建設性思考與社會支持的角色 / The relation between frustration experience and frustration tolerance of teenagers:the roles of costructive thinking and social support play

謝毓雯, Hsieh, Yu-Wen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要是想了解青少年的挫折經驗與挫折容忍度之間的關係,並探討建設性思考與社會支持在其間所扮演的角色. 以臺北市及臺灣省701位國中生生為對象,採問卷調查的方式了解受試在挫折經驗、建設性思考、社會支持及挫折容忍度變項上的狀況.研究結果發現,挫折經驗與挫折容忍度之間成顯著的負相關.而當受試有較建設性的思考方式或有較高的社會支持及對社會支持有較高的滿意度時,其挫折容忍度亦較佳.至於建設性思考是否在挫折經驗和挫折容忍度之間扮演調節變項的部份,本研究只發現學業挫折經驗與積極正向性的思考之間有顯著的交互作用,而人際挫折經驗則與自我侷限性思考有顯著的交互作用;但是在社會支持部份,本研究並無發現其與學業或人際挫折經驗之間有明顯的交互作用.各變項所顯現的性別上的差異則相當符合一般人對男女的刻板印象;受試中,以國三學生的壓力最大,可能亦是輔導最可著力的ㄧ群. 上述的研究結果除可提供作為未來探究有關挫折經驗與挫折容忍度關係時的參考之外,亦可對學校教育及親職教育提供下列幾點建議:1.變化教材或教學方式,以減少學生的挫折經驗;2.提供老師建設性思考的課程,使師生在教學互動中培養建設性的思考,得以提昇挫折容忍度;3.對男女生的挫折經驗所提供的輔導方向應有所不同;4.培養師長、家長都能成為孩子遇到挫折時的社會支持來源;5.針對不同年級的學生提供預防教育課程,改變其對挫折的容忍度. / This research mainly intends to understand the relations between frustration experience and frustration tolerance of teenagers, and discuss the roles the constructive thinking and social support play in these issues.Based on questionnaire survey of 701 senior high school students, four variables-frustration experience, frustration tolerance, social support andconstructive thinking are investigated. The research results show that an obvious negative relation exists between frustration experience and frustration tolerance. Those who have more constructive thinking or receive more social support and accepted by the society have better performance on frustration tolerance. As to the question whether the constructive thinking play the role of a moderator variable between frustration experience and frustration tolerance, this research only found that obvious interactions exist between study frustration experience and positive thinking, as well as between human relation frustration experience and self-restrained thinking. However, the research did not find any obvious interaction between study/human relation frustration experience and social support. The different performance on different variables owing to sex difference complies with the stereotype. The research results also show that the graduating senior high school students suffer the highest pressure and could be the group that the assistance could really do something for.The research results mentioned above could provide useful information for further investigation on the relations of frustration experience and frustration tolerance. They also provide some advice for normal education andparents education: 1. Changing the teaching material or teaching methods in order to reduce the student's frustration experience. 2. Providing training courses with constructive thinking for teachers.It will build up constructive thinking as well as strengthen frustration tolerance both for teachers and students by way of teaching and studying - mutual responses. 3. The assistance provided for male or female students in order to conquer their frustration experience should be different. 4. Cultivating both parents and teachers the ability and willing of providing supports. Whenever teenagers face frustration, parents and teachers can become the source of social support.5. For students of different grades providing suitable preventive education courses in order to enhance their frustration tolerance.

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