Gothenburg introduced a time-of-day dependent cordon-based congestion charging scheme in January 2013. This paper explores how the introduction of the Gothenburg congestion charging scheme has affected trip tour and trip chaining behavior, using panel surveys conducted in 2012 and 2013, before and after the Gothenburg congestion charging began. This study proposes a typology of trip tour and trip chaining behavior based on organization of trips. Further, the study develops a series of indicators to characterize trip chains and trip tours patterns. Descriptive analysis is used to compare travel patterns before and after congestion pricing at the daylevel, tour-level and stage-level. The analysis results show that car travelers not only suppress activities to a small extent but also tend to have simpler tour patterns after the congestion charges implementation. The adaptation patterns reduce charges paid to some extent. In general, the reorganization of activities taken from on the way from work/school to home contributes greatly to reducing the congestion charges paid. A linear model is also developed to identify the effects of socio-demographic factors and contextual factors on the amount of charges paid based on panel data.

In my final architectural thesis I decided to travel through Italy for three months on a so called Grand tour to explore the rich history, culture & architecture. The Grand tour is also about finding my final thesis project by meeting and understanding certain  problems and issues that I encounter during the trip by speaking to locals.  The people we meet throughout the Grand Tour  decided every destination we go to next by signing our map. Where?San Sicario Bobsled CourseTurin, Winter Olympics 2006 The remains of the huge infrastructures and facilities that was built for the winter Olympics in Turin 2006 are left completely abandoned and are sitting as huge scare in the landscapes in the small village San sicario. The remaining structures are left completely without future plans and stand rotting. The Italian government deeming it is even too expensive to demolish. I am going to work to trying to redesign the olympic bobsled park that is located near San sicario. Is it possible to rethink and give the structures a new purpose? I redesigned and integrated a system of geodesic domes with a botanic garden and controlled climateall year around to facilitate a new work environment and living domes, a space where you could travel toand work digitally from.Since that alternative now is available and will remain after the pandemic is over. But also repurposingthe existing structures since they stand empty and still in fair condition.

Some tourists travel for medical reasons, and this is known as medical tourism. The growth of medical tourism is mainly spurred by globalisation and the availability of quality healthcare services in receiving countries. Once a medical need arises, a prospective medical tourist would usually search and gather information about prospective medical tourism destinations. Various push and pull factors would determine whether a destination will be selected by tourists to satisfy their medical needs. The aim of this study was thus to identify the push and pull factors of a medical tourism destination, and based on these, to measure South Africa’s performance as a medical tourism destination. Making use of a qualitative research approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 medical tourism tour operators. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. Some of the push factors identified were the cost and lack of treatment/medical services in medical tourists’ home countries, the availability of expertise and medical facilities at the receiving destination, and the wish to avoid long waiting lists. The quality of hospitals, cost of surgery, expertise of the physicians, as well as the accessibility of destinations were indicated as the pull factors. The findings also show that medical tourists seem to be more interested in the reputation of the healthcare providers and hospitals than in typical tourist activities in medical tourism destinations. The findings of this study highlight the fact that South Africa is not known as a medical tourism destination. Hence there is a need for South Africa to be promoted by government and other stakeholders as a credible, affordable and accessible medical tourism destination. The study contributes to the available literature on medical tourism but from the perspective of medical tourism tour operators as major stakeholders in the medical tourism industry. / Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Tourism Management / MPhil / Unrestricted

The aim of this thesis is to beat a benchmark prediction of 64.58 percent based on player rankings on the ATP tour in tennis. That means that the player with the best rank in a tennis match is deemed as the winner. Three statistical model are used, logistic regression, random forest and XGBoost. The data are over a period between the years 2000-2010 and has over 60 000 observations with 49 variables each. After the data was prepared, new variables were created and the difference between the two players in hand taken all three statistical models did outperform the benchmark prediction. All three variables had an accuracy around 66 percent with the logistic regression performing the best with an accuracy of 66.45 percent. The most important variable overall for the models is the total win rate on different surfaces, the total win rate and rank.

This thesis examines and compares two travel accounts in the regions of Phocis and Boeotia in Greece, as they appear in the book of Sir William Gell “The Itinerary of Greece: With a Commentary on Pausanias and Strabo and an Account of the Monuments of Antiquity at Present Existing in that Country (1819) and on the two volumed book of Edward Dodwell A Classical and Topographical Tour Through Greece: During the Years 1801, 1805, and 1806, Volume 1 & 11 (1819). More specifically, the thesis explores the extent of the area that these travelers managed to cover during their routes, the places with historical and archaeological interest that they mentioned at least, their moves among the various chronotopes, and the use of their predecessors’ texts for on their routes. With the use of digital platforms such as Recogito, their travel accounts have been annotated, tagged, aligned with ToposText gazetteer and Wikidata, exported as .csv files, and further processed using OpenRefine. By having as a ground theory approach the social construction of space, as Lefebvre has defined it, the thesis, with the assistance of ArcGIS and Python and the necessary manual steps, explored the topics as mentioned above. The analysis of these topics provided interesting results to the thesis. It showed the differences in the area coverage of the two travelers in Phocis and Boeotia. It also highlighted their accuracy in the discovering of ancient places and buildings. Moreover, it delineated their moves through the different chronotopes and the vital role of the physical environment as a bridge for these moves. Ultimately, this thesis revealed the crucial role of their predecessors’ travel accounts for their navigation on the respecting. Mainly, it made clear the vitality of the travel accounts of Strabo and Pausanias. These results were clearly connected with the social construction of space and time from the two British travelers based on their cultural background.

2008 starben etwa 650 Motorradfahrer im Straßenverkehr. Fast 31.000 Verunglückte sind bei Unfällen zum Teil schwer verletzt worden. Beim Motorradfahren ist das Unfallrisiko - bezogen auf den Fahrzeugbestand - nach wie vor am höchsten (18 Getötete pro 100.000 Fahrzeuge). Wegen dieser alarmierenden Zahlen aus dem Unfallgeschehen, beauftragte die Unfallforschung der Versicherer (UDV) das Fachgebiet Kraftfahrzeuge der TU Berlin und die Professur für Straßenverkehrstechnik der TU Dresden mit der Untersuchung der Unfallgefährdung von Motorradfahrern erstmals aus einer verknüpfenden Perspektive von Fahrzeug- und Straßenverkehrstechnik [1]. Neben einer bundesweiten Analyse von über 100.000 Unfällen mit Motorradbeteiligung, sind vertiefte Untersuchungen in Sachsen durchgeführt worden, da sich das Motorradunfallgeschehen in diesem Bundesland als repräsentativ erwiesen hat. Grundlage der örtlich detaillierten Untersuchung sind über 12.000 Unfälle mit Beteiligung motorisierter Zweiräder in Sachsen in den Jahren 2004 bis 2006. Hier wurden über 200 Streckenabschnitte mit 1.600 Unfällen für einen paarweisen Vergleich ausgewählt: Die Hälfte der Strecken sind durch ein besonders konzentriertes Motorradunfallgeschehen aufgefallen und wurden vergleichbaren Strecken gegenübergestellt, die nicht unfallauffällig sind. Auf der Fahrzeugseite wurden über 1.300 Datensätze aus der Datenbank der UDV ausgewertet, um die spezifischen Einflüsse von Fahrzeugeigenschaften und Fahrerverhalten zu beschreiben. Zudem wurde eine Befragung von 6.879 Motorradfahrern gemeinsam mit der Zeitschrift „Motorrad“ durchgeführt. Häufigste Unfallursachen sind nach wie vor: - zu hohe Geschwindigkeit - Fehler beim Überholen - Abstandsfehler - Selbstüberschätzung. Die Unfallforschung der Versicherer (UDV) hat daher zusammen mit dem Deutschen Verkehrssicherheitsrat (DVR) und den Zeitschriften „Tourenfahrer“ und „Motorradfahrer“ zunächst für drei Jahre die German Safety Tour (GST) ins Leben gerufen. Katja Poensgen, ehemalige Motorrad- Rennfahrerin, unterstützt die Kampagne.

Golfbollen placeras i linje med den främre foten, inga andra moment får störa denna stund, denna boll ska bara iväg. Iväg och landa 270 meter fram på fairway efter det följer ett enkelt inspel och lyckas detta är första segern bärgad. Detta är ett scenario som många elitgolfspelare möts utav. Men hur ser egentligen vardagen ut för ett svenskt golfproffs. Idag skiljer sig miljön den enskilda individen befinner sig i avsevärt beroende på sport och vilken fas du befinner dig i karriären. Betydelsen av denna prestation kan ha olika stor påverkan beroende på en rad olika aspekter. Denna studie inriktar sig på svenska herrgolfspelare med en status som proffs och deras existensvillkor. Hur uppfattar dessa sin vardag och erfarenheter om vilka nyckelfaktorer som är avgörande för fortsatt satsning. Studien har genom kvalitativa intervjuer med golfspelarna skildrat deras verklighet och vad det är som leder, enligt dem, till en möjlighet som golfproffs. Studiens resultat visar en tydlig bild av en komplexitet kring den enskilde golfarens existensvillkor. Att kraven som ställs på spelarna är höga och det krävs en mångfacetterad golfspelare både på och utanför golfbanan som uppfyller alla dessa krav för att ta sig ut på de största tourerna i Europa och slutligen världen. Detta menar jag behöver belysas för att skildra de svenska golfspelarna vardag och möjligtvis visa på förändringsområden för att ge spelarna bättre förutsättningar till att ta sig ut till de högsta nivåerna i Europa och möjliggöra att fler svenskar når stora framgångar inom golfen.

This oral interpretation thesis analyzes the influences on Mark Twain's reading, traces his development as an oral interpreter, and studies his techniques for revising selections of his literature to make them more suitable for oral delivery. This study concentrates on Twain's 1884-1885 reading tour with George W. Cable because in that period Twain made his greatest advances as an oral interpreter. The impact that this tour had on Twain's later reading is also analyzed. It was discovered that the interpretation theories developed by Twain are consistent with contemporary theory and practice.

The aim of this study is to describe and analyze the opinions of tour operators and travel agencies regarding carbon offsetting in air travel. Since it is known already that the number oif participants among travelers in voluntary carbon offsetting is low, the study also aims to examine the travel companies' perceptions of who is responsible for increasing the number of carbon offsetts in air travel. The study was conducted on the basis of qualitative methods. Four semi-structured interviews were held with four different travel companies, of which two of these were travel agencies and two were tour operators. Thematic anaysis was used to analyze the collected data. The results are discussed in relation to previous research which lies behind the research questions. The study shows that there are two different types of values that support why companies offer voluntary carbon offsetting to their customers during air travel; environmental value and market value. Further, the findings highlights the importance of managing carbon offsetting in relation to other environmental sustainable development. To get more travelers involved in participating in carbon offsetting means engaging in overall environmental management at different levels of society. The travel companies mean that they can themselves provide the option for customers to carbon offset, and inform and communicate about this. In addition, school must strenghten knowledge about environmental issues among the people of society and politicians must direct these people towards more climate friendly actions. This will lead to a process of change in overall environmental behaviour, which is needed for more people to want to participate in activities such as carbon offsetting.

In a time of growing awareness of the climate change crisis, cities are revisiting their policies and practices to align with sustainability aspirations.   Transportation and cycling policies offer a way forward. On visits to best practice cities, policymakers, practitioners and decision-makers learn from local experts in an effort to take ideas home and implement them. The activity of finding out about policies, known as policy transfer, can be explored as a type of experiential learning when it takes place as a bicycle study tour. The policy transfer framework provided by Dolowitz & Marsh (1996, 2000, 2012) and the experiential learning theory of Kolb (2015) can serve as starting points in exploring how policies are transferred during learning activities and interpersonal interactions that involve hosts and visitors during bicycle study tours. The case study of Amsterdam, which has over 500km of separate cycle lanes and 53% of all daily trips made by bicycle (van der Horst, 2014), offers a working, observable example of an alternative future for cities wanting to change their transportation situation. More than 150 groups visit the city annually to find out about its bicycle culture and underlying policies (Sargentini, 2017).  While policy transfer and learning in Amsterdam may be initiated by visitors that take steps to travel to the city, the local hosting situation is made up of different institutions and actors that interact in various ways. Some attention to the governance of urban cycling in Amsterdam to understand the role of the private sector and the responsibilities of different organizations and actors can partially respond to Oldenziel’s (2016) call for research on this topic throughout Europe. Interviews and document research about the hosting situation in Amsterdam reveal several players with varied backgrounds, a rich variety of learning activities, and a loosely governed hosting landscape. Recommendations are made for Amsterdam institutions, hosts, visitors and future research.