Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-12-11T11:55:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Vieira Kotzias.pdf: 3471482 bytes, checksum: 67b61f757300f836852265e45b5ff0a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T11:55:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Vieira Kotzias.pdf: 3471482 bytes, checksum: 67b61f757300f836852265e45b5ff0a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-05 / The Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) represents an important step for Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) towards the reduction of bureaucracy and transactional costs, as well to the increase in the transparency of foreign trade operations, in particular where Customs are concerned. The inclusion of this topic in WTO negotiations’ agenda was due to the perception that, as trade has become more liberalized, a new international regulatory architecture emerged, shifting the focus of policymakers from tariff barriers to other impediments to the cross-border movement of goods, particularly to those of an administrative and logistical nature. After almost twenty years of negotiations on its structure and content, the TFA was signed in 2013 during the Bali Conference and became effective in February 2017. Even though Brazil has only ratified the agreement in 2018 by means of Decree n. 9.326/2018, the Brazilian Government submitted its notification to WTO in 2016 designating 95.8% of the TFA commitments to be implemented immediately. The remaining 4.2% were scheduled to be implemented until December 2019. This was a bold position and has generated great expectations for operators and other interested parties in international trade. Nevertheless, Brazil remains poorly evaluated by national and international indicators that measure transaction costs, as most of the measures under the TFA continue to be totally or partially disregarded in practice, which is a major complain from the Brazilian private sector. In this context, the research problem addressed in this thesis is to identify the bottlenecks to the greater efficiency of the management of foreign trade in Brazil and evaluate the necessity of political, institutional and normative reforms and adjustments in order to foster the effective implementation of WTO trade facilitation obligations and increase Brazil’s integration into international trade. The proposed analysis is based on extensive bibliographical and documentary research, exploring doctrinal sources, national jurisprudence and WTO precedents to discuss the implications of the commitments signed within the scope of the WTO in the Brazilian legal system. From this, an attempt was made to inductively analyze the barriers to trade facilitation and legal uncertainty faced by trade operators. Finally, the research problem is addressed based on the study of foreign models and recommendations of international organizations. This thesis was structured in four chapters, in order to first present important concepts and delimitations in terms of trade facilitation and the way in which international obligations are internalized into the national legal order and discuss the Brazilian political-institutional structure regarding the regulation of foreign trade matters. Finally, based on the understandings and clarifications presented, recommendations are proposed for the implementation of trade facilitation in Brazil. Additionally, possible actions and reforms are directed to each of the main powers and articulators of Brazilian foreign trade individually, which are the Legislative Branch, the Executive Branch, the Judiciary Branch and the private sector / O Acordo sobre a Facilitação do Comércio (AFC) representa um passo importante dos Membros da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) quanto à desburocratização, redução dos custos de transação e aumento da transparência nas operações de comércio internacional, sobretudo na atuação das Aduanas. A inclusão do tema na pauta de negociações da OMC deve-se à percepção dos Estados de que, à medida que o comércio se tornou mais liberalizado, houve uma mudança na arquitetura regulatória internacional, que direcionou parte do foco de contenção e eliminação de barreiras tarifárias para outros impedimentos ao movimento transfronteiriço de mercadorias, particularmente àqueles de natureza administrativa e logística. Após quase vinte anos de negociações sobre a estrutura normativa e o conteúdo do acordo, o AFC foi assinado em 2013 durante a Conferência de Bali, entrando em vigor em fevereiro de 2017. O Brasil ratificou o AFC apenas em abril de 2018, por meio do Decreto 9.326/2018, ainda que o governo brasileiro tenha notificado formalmente a OMC em 2016 sobre o seu compromisso de implementar imediatamente 95,8% do conteúdo do acordo, deixando apenas os 4,2% das obrigações restantes para implementação posterior, marcada para ocorrer até dezembro de 2019. Trata-se de posição arrojada e que despertou grande expectativa dos operadores e demais interessados no comércio internacional. Ocorre que o Brasil continua mal avaliado pelos indicadores nacionais e internacionais que medem custos de transação e grande parte das medidas contidas no acordo seguem sendo descumpridas total ou parcialmente na prática, sendo este um grande ponto de descontentamento do setor privado brasileiro. Nesse contexto, o problema de pesquisa que se pretende endereçar na presente tese volta-se à identificação dos gargalos à maior eficiência da gestão do comércio exterior brasileiro e à avaliação de reformas e ajustes necessários, em termos políticos, institucionais e normativos, para que o Brasil efetivamente implemente suas obrigações relativas à facilitação no âmbito da OMC e aumente sua integração ao comércio internacional. A análise proposta foi realizada a partir de ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, explorando fontes doutrinárias e precedentes jurisprudenciais da OMC para discussão das implicações dos compromissos firmados no âmbito da OMC no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. A partir disso, buscou-se, de modo indutivo, analisar os entraves existentes à facilitação do comércio e a insegurança jurídica causada aos operadores. Por fim, buscou-se responder o problema de pesquisa com base no estudo de modelos estrangeiros e recomendações de organismos internacionais. O trabalho foi estruturado em quatro capítulos, de forma a, primeiramente, apresentar conceitos e delimitações importantes em termos de facilitação do comércio e da forma como as obrigações internacionais são internalizadas no ordenamento jurídico nacional para, a partir disso, discutir a estrutura político-institucional e normativa do Brasil em matéria de comércio exterior. Por fim, a partir dos entendimentos e esclarecimentos apresentados, propõem-se recomendações para a efetivação da facilitação do comércio no Brasil, apresentando, de forma específica, ações e reformas direcionadas a cada um dos principais poderes e articuladores do comércio exterior brasileiro: o Poder Legislativo, o Poder Executivo, o Poder Judiciário e o setor privado

<p>The Member States of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) have set as their objectives, amongst others, the facilitation of cross-border movement of goods between the territories of the Member States and the promotion of the integration of Member States into the global economy through enhanced trade and investment. Different approaches to the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments by Member States and the risk of non-enforcement may lead to legal uncertainty and increased transaction cost for prospective traders, which ultimately act as non-tariff barriers to trade in the region. Trade is critical to Southern Africa, and the ideal is that barriers to trade, of which uncertainty concerning the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments among Member States is one, should be removed. Certainty, predictability, security of transactions, effective remedies and cost are important considerations in investment decision-making / and clear rules for allocating international jurisdiction and providing definite and expedited means of enforcing foreign judgments will facilitate intraregional as well as interregional trade. In addition to trade facilitation, a harmonised recognition and enforcement regime will consolidate economic and political integration in the SACU. An effective scheme for the mutual recognition and enforcement of civil judgments has been regarded as a feature of any economic integration initiative likely to achieve significant integration. While the harmonisation of the rules on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments has been given priority in other regional economic communities, in particularly the European Union, any similar effort to harmonise the rules on recognition and enforcement of Member States have been conspicuously absent in the SACU &ndash / a situation which needs to receive immediate attention. The thesis considers the approaches followed by the European Union with the Brussels Regime, the federal system of the United States of America under the &lsquo / full faith and credit clause&rsquo / the inter-state recognition scheme under the Australia and New Zealand Trans-Tasman judicial system / as well as the convention-approach of the Latin American States. It finds that the most suitable approach for the SACU is the negotiation and adoption by all SACU Member States of a multilateral convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, comparable to the 1971 Convention of the Hague Conference on Private International Law / the EU Brussels I Regulation and the Latin-American Montevideo Convention, as complemented by the La Paz Convention. It is imperative that a proposed convention should not merely duplicate previous efforts, but should be drafted in the light of the legal, political and socio-economic characteristics of the SACU Member States. The current legislative provisions in force in SACU Member States are compared and analysed, and the comparison and analysis form the basis of a proposal for a future instrument on recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments for the region. A recommended draft text for a proposed Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments for the SACU is included. This draft text could form the basis for future negotiations by SACU Member States.</p>

<p>The Member States of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) have set as their objectives, amongst others, the facilitation of cross-border movement of goods between the territories of the Member States and the promotion of the integration of Member States into the global economy through enhanced trade and investment. Different approaches to the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments by Member States and the risk of non-enforcement may lead to legal uncertainty and increased transaction cost for prospective traders, which ultimately act as non-tariff barriers to trade in the region. Trade is critical to Southern Africa, and the ideal is that barriers to trade, of which uncertainty concerning the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments among Member States is one, should be removed. Certainty, predictability, security of transactions, effective remedies and cost are important considerations in investment decision-making / and clear rules for allocating international jurisdiction and providing definite and expedited means of enforcing foreign judgments will facilitate intraregional as well as interregional trade. In addition to trade facilitation, a harmonised recognition and enforcement regime will consolidate economic and political integration in the SACU. An effective scheme for the mutual recognition and enforcement of civil judgments has been regarded as a feature of any economic integration initiative likely to achieve significant integration. While the harmonisation of the rules on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments has been given priority in other regional economic communities, in particularly the European Union, any similar effort to harmonise the rules on recognition and enforcement of Member States have been conspicuously absent in the SACU &ndash / a situation which needs to receive immediate attention. The thesis considers the approaches followed by the European Union with the Brussels Regime, the federal system of the United States of America under the &lsquo / full faith and credit clause&rsquo / the inter-state recognition scheme under the Australia and New Zealand Trans-Tasman judicial system / as well as the convention-approach of the Latin American States. It finds that the most suitable approach for the SACU is the negotiation and adoption by all SACU Member States of a multilateral convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, comparable to the 1971 Convention of the Hague Conference on Private International Law / the EU Brussels I Regulation and the Latin-American Montevideo Convention, as complemented by the La Paz Convention. It is imperative that a proposed convention should not merely duplicate previous efforts, but should be drafted in the light of the legal, political and socio-economic characteristics of the SACU Member States. The current legislative provisions in force in SACU Member States are compared and analysed, and the comparison and analysis form the basis of a proposal for a future instrument on recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments for the region. A recommended draft text for a proposed Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments for the SACU is included. This draft text could form the basis for future negotiations by SACU Member States.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:33:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CIPOLLA_Caroline_2013.pdf: 1859503 bytes, checksum: 2cdf4c49a03fb3aecdc02755a04d239c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-07 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / In recent years, international trade has intensified and liberalized, so that decreases in border costs have become increasingly relevant. Much of these costs are associated with the excessive number of documents required to export or import, the bad infrastructure of ports and airports, among others. It is in this sense that stands out the importance of trade facilitation, principally regarding logistical factors. The trade facilitation began to be discussed at the WTO in 1996, but only in 2004 began the negotiations about it. Several papers have been written for several countries in order to assess the impact of trade facilitation on trade flows. However, studies for the brazilian case are still few, especially those that take into account logistical variables. This study aimed to identify the effects of trade facilitation, especially concerning logistics, upon the pattern of trade that includes Brazil and its major trading partners witch belong to the most important economic blocs. The data extends from 2008 to 2011 and takes into account variables on the quality of transport infrastructure and customs procedure. Gravity models considering Brazil and other 47 counties, witch were responsible for about 78% of brazilian exports in 2011, were estimated. The results evidenced the largest impact of custom variables on trade flows between countries. When considering separate models for blocs of developed and developing countries, the results showed the importance of improvements in terms of documentation, time and cost for blocs of developing countries, as well as improvement regarding the time for blocs of developed countries. With regard to transport infrastructure, good quality of rail was important for both groups. Finally, it was concluded that, for blocs of developing countries, there is a dependency on reforms in trade partners, while in blocs of developed countries the reforms made by the countries themselves have greater impact on trade flows. / Nos últimos anos, o comércio internacional tem se intensificado e liberalizado, de modo que tomar medidas para diminuir os custos de fronteira vem se tornado cada vez mais relevante. Boa parte desses custos está associada ao excessivo número de documentos exigidos para exportar ou importar, a falta de infraestrutura de portos e aeroportos, entre outros. É neste sentido que se destaca a importância da facilitação de comércio, principalmente no que tange os fatores logísticos. A facilitação de comércio passou a ser discutida na OMC em 1996, mas apenas em 2004 começaram a ser feitas negociações a respeito. Vários trabalhos já foram elaborados para diversos países com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto da facilitação nos fluxos de comércio. Entretanto, trabalhos mais direcionados para o caso brasileiro ainda são poucos, principalmente aqueles que levam em consideração variáveis logísticas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar os efeitos da facilitação de comércio, em termos logísticos, no padrão de comércio que abrange o Brasil e seus principais parceiros comerciais pertencentes aos principais blocos econômicos. Os dados se estendem de 2008 a 2011 e levam em consideração variáveis de qualidade de infraestrutura dos transportes e variáveis que medem a eficiência alfandegária. Foram estimados modelos gravitacionais levando em consideração o Brasil e mais 47 países, responsáveis por cerca de 78% das exportações brasileiras em 2011. Os resultados evidenciaram o maior impacto das variáveis alfandegárias sobre o fluxo de comércio entre os países. Ao considerar modelos separados para blocos de países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, os resultados mostraram a importância de melhorias em termos de documentação, tempo e custo nos blocos de países em desenvolvimento, bem como melhoria no que concerne o tempo para blocos de países desenvolvidos. Com relação a infraestrutura dos transportes, a boa qualidade do transporte ferroviário se mostrou importante para ambos os grupos. Por fim, concluiu-se também que, para blocos de países em desenvolvimento, há uma dependência quanto a reformas nos parceiros comercias, enquanto nos blocos de países desenvolvidos as reformas feitas pelos próprios países apresentam impacto maior sobre o fluxo de comércio.

Submitted by Raoni Rugai Marinho (raonirmarinho@gmail.com) on 2015-03-11T14:52:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - RRM_20150311.pdf: 998586 bytes, checksum: 81f50db5cdf96110f5bba72b66357ea4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2015-03-11T16:25:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - RRM_20150311.pdf: 998586 bytes, checksum: 81f50db5cdf96110f5bba72b66357ea4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-11T16:31:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - RRM_20150311.pdf: 998586 bytes, checksum: 81f50db5cdf96110f5bba72b66357ea4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-11 / Motivado pelas diversas discussões em torno do futuro das negociações multilaterais do comércio mundial, utilizando o embasamento de trabalhos anteriores realizados a partir de dados de exportação e importação nos Estados Unidos da América, o presente trabalho busca estimar impactos econômicos ao Brasil das diretivas do Acordo de Facilitação de Comércio de Bali, utilizando-se para isso de Modelo de Equilíbrio Geral já consolidado no tratamento de comércio internacional, bem como sua base de dados. Os principais resultados indicam uma reindustrialização das exportações brasileiras, e permitem concluir que a adesão ao Acordo gera ganhos ao Brasil, e que o país segue na direção correta nesse aspecto. Tais resultados se mostram úteis na formulação de futuras diretrizes para a abertura comercial. / Motivated by the various discussions on the future of the multilateral negotiations of world trade, using previous works, which used data on export and import in the United States of America as basis, this paper seeks to estimate the economic impacts of the policies of Bali Trade Facilitation Agreement to Brazil, making use of a consolidated Computable General Equilibrium model in the treatment of international trade, as well as its database. The main results indicate a reindustrialization of Brazilian exports, and show that the adherence to the Agreement generates gains in Brazil, and that the country goes in the right direction in this regard. Such results could be useful in elaborating future guidelines for trade liberalization.

Doctor Legum - LLD / The Member States of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) have set as their objectives, amongst others, the facilitation of cross-border movement of goods between the territories of the Member States and the promotion of the integration of Member States into the global economy through enhanced trade and investment. Different approaches to the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments by Member States and the risk of non-enforcement may lead to legal uncertainty and increased transaction cost for prospective traders, which ultimately act as non-tariff barriers to trade in the region. Trade is critical to Southern Africa, and the ideal is that barriers to trade, of which uncertainty concerning the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments among Member States is one, should be removed. Certainty, predictability, security of transactions, effective remedies and cost are important considerations in investment decision-making; and clear rules for allocating international jurisdiction and providing definite and expedited means of enforcing foreign judgments will facilitate intraregional as well as interregional trade. In addition to trade facilitation, a harmonised recognition and enforcement regime will consolidate economic and political integration in the SACU. An effective scheme for the mutual recognition and enforcement of civil judgments has been regarded as a feature of any economic integration initiative likely to achieve significant integration. While the harmonisation of the rules on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments has been given priority in other regional economic communities, in particularly the European Union, any similar effort to harmonise the rules on recognition and enforcement of Member States have been conspicuously absent in the SACU – a situation which needs to receive immediate attention. The thesis considers the approaches followed by the European Union with the Brussels Regime, the federal system of the United States of America under the ‘full faith and credit clause’; the inter-state recognition scheme under the Australia and New Zealand Trans-Tasman judicial system; as well as the convention-approach of the Latin American States. It finds that the most suitable approach for the SACU is the negotiation and adoption by all SACU Member States of a multilateral convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, comparable to the 1971 Convention of the Hague Conference on Private International Law; the EU Brussels I Regulation and the Latin-American Montevideo Convention, as complemented by the La Paz Convention. It is imperative that a proposed convention should not merely duplicate previous efforts, but should be drafted in the light of the legal, political and socio-economic characteristics of the SACU Member States. The current legislative provisions in force in SACU Member States are compared and analysed, and the comparison and analysis form the basis of a proposal for a future instrument on recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments for the region. A recommended draft text for a proposed Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments for the SACU is included. This draft text could form the basis for future negotiations by SACU Member States. / South Africa

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2018-05-21T13:48:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Luiz Zanethi.pdf: 687372 bytes, checksum: bd046c2de23a1210e47af95afd71cbe1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-21T13:48:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Luiz Zanethi.pdf: 687372 bytes, checksum: bd046c2de23a1210e47af95afd71cbe1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-12 / Hoje, um dos temas mais sensíveis para a humanidade é o meio ambiente. Em um mundo globalizado, onde a preocupação com o meio ambiente deve ser repartida entre todos, não há caminho para a prática de medidas unilaterais, estanques, ante a complexidade e influência destas no mundo atual. Assim, litígios podem aparecer e alguns surgem, em razão desta dificuldade em conciliar interesses. A questão é como prevenir e resolver estes dilemas ambientais sem a necessidade da imposição da força. Daí surge a governança global como instrumento para a busca de soluções pacíficas e comuns para as mais diversas questões relativas à proteção ambiental, por meio da adoção de políticas e de instrumentos normativos. Ocorre que estas questões ambientais também atingem o comércio internacional, principalmente quando medidas ambientais aparecem como forma de barreira comercial, caracterizando-se, muitas vezes, como uma medida protecionista, prática combatida pelo comércio internacional e por seu órgão máximo de defesa e regulação, a Organização Mundial do Comércio. Mais uma vez, aparece a governança global, agora, governança global ambiental, como instrumento para a proteção ambiental, expandindo seu campo de atuação nos acordos de livre comércio mundial, sendo a sua importância destacada em dois deles, o Acordo de Facilitação do Comércio, nascido dentro da Organização Mundial do Comércio, objetivando a simplificação e desburocratização do comércio internacional e exterior, e no TransPacific Partnership, este último com grande preocupação ambiental e com mecanismos de solução de conflitos ambientais embasados nas melhores práticas de governança. Assim, em razão da complexidade das questões ambientais, principalmente nos acordos mundiais de livre comércio, o meio capaz de prevenir litígios e resolvê-los são os arranjos de governança global. / Today, one of the most sensitive issues for humanity is the environment. In a globalized world, where the concern for the environment must be shared among all, there is no way to practice unilateral, watertight measures, given the complexity and influence of these in today's world. Thus, litigation may appear and some arise, because of this difficulty in reconciling interests. The question is how to prevent and resolve these environmental dilemmas without the need for force. Hence, global governance emerges as a tool for seeking peaceful and common solutions to the most diverse issues of environmental protection through the adoption of policies and normative instruments. These environmental issues also affect international trade, especially when environmental measures appear as a form of trade barrier, often being a protectionist measure, a practice attacked by international trade and by its highest defense and regulatory body, the World Trade Organization. And, once again, global governance now appears as a global environmental governance instrument for environmental protection, expanding its field of activity in global free trade agreements, and its importance is highlighted in two of them, the Trade Facilitation Agreement , born within the World Trade Organization, aiming at simplifying and reducing bureaucracy in international and foreign trade and in the TransPacific Partnership, the latter with great environmental concern and with environmental dispute resolution mechanisms based on the best governance practices. Thus, because of the complexity of environmental issues, especially in trade-free agreements, the means of preventing and resolving disputes are the means embedded in global governance arrangements.

Submitted by EDUARDO JUNQUEIRA (el.junqueira@gmail.com) on 2017-03-16T19:43:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoEduardoJunqueira.pdf: 5067579 bytes, checksum: 2f2d79aa0d4477ddd1f2d990cee8ff01 (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Eduardo, Por gentileza, somente retirar a página em branco que consta antes da ficha catalográfica. Aguardo. on 2017-03-16T22:27:48Z (GMT) / Submitted by EDUARDO JUNQUEIRA (el.junqueira@gmail.com) on 2017-03-17T13:42:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoEduardoJunqueira.pdf: 5067030 bytes, checksum: 86cc2c5bf2a22e77b87b962f8b24b260 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2017-03-17T15:26:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoEduardoJunqueira.pdf: 5067030 bytes, checksum: 86cc2c5bf2a22e77b87b962f8b24b260 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T15:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoEduardoJunqueira.pdf: 5067030 bytes, checksum: 86cc2c5bf2a22e77b87b962f8b24b260 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / This paper aims to understand the economic effect for Brazil and its ability to join Global Value Chains (GVC) when implementing the actions proposed in the Bali package, which intend to increase port efficiency (Trade Facilitations Agreement – TFA). Using a Computable General Equilibrium Model (CGE model from GTAP), it was estimated that the actions would bring economic benefits worldwide, including to Brazil. In addition, the agreement would increase the competitiveness across the globe, which in turn would result in a rise of economic integration of regions in GVC, measured by the vertical specialization metric VS and VS1. The major effects to Brazil would come from VS1 metric, mainly because of the increase of manufacturing activities which focus on primary factors such as skilled labor and capital. / Este estudo pretende entender os efeitos que a implementação das ações propostas no acordo de facilitação do comércio de Bali produziriam no desenvolvimento econômico do Brasil e na sua inserção em cadeias globais de valor. Utilizando um modelo de equilíbrio geral computável, foi simulado a implementação do acordo e conclui-se que o mesmo traria benefícios econômicos para todas as regiões estudadas, incluindo o Brasil. Ao mesmo tempo, o acordo aumentaria a competividade global entre as regiões, produzindo uma maior integração econômica mensurada por meio do aumento das métricas de especialização vertical VS e VS1. Os maiores efeitos ao Brasil ocorrem pelo aumento da métrica VS1, direcionados pelo setor de manufatura com foco em trabalho especializado e capital.

Cette thèse adopte une approche analytique interrégionale de trois régions économiques pour évaluer les connaissances productives et la diplomatie dans le contexte d’intégration régionale, et en parallèle, les déterminants de la création d'entreprises. Du point de vue de l'intégration européenne, nous introduisons une nouvelle méthodologie de contrôle synthétique pour évaluer l'impact de l'adhésion à l'UE sur l'indice de complexité économique des nouveaux États membres d'Europe centrale et orientale. Nos résultats indiquent que l'adhésion à l'UE a joué un rôle catalyseur pour la connaissance productive des pays portant de faibles niveaux de complexité avant l'adhésion, permettant un taux de développement plus élevé dans la sophistication de l'espace d'exportation de leurs produits. En élargissant notre analyse à tous les pays européens et aux États d’Afrique du Nord, nous procédons dans un deuxième temps à l’analyse des déterminants du commerce des infrastructures institutionnelles et logistiques en élargissant le modèle de Gravité pour y incorporer des éléments de diplomatie (notamment la présence d’ambassades et d’ambassadeurs). Nos résultats démontrent les avantages des infrastructures immatérielles et matérielles ainsi que de l'activité diplomatique sur le commerce bilatéral des PECO et de l'Afrique du Nord, confirmant l'importance de ces variables en tant que moteurs de l'intégration régionale. Dans une dernière partie, nous concentrons notre analyse sur Fédération de Russie en tant que région géographique en introduisant une régression panel des déterminants de l’entrée et de la sortie d’entreprises. Cette évaluation empirique conclut que les défaillances institutionnelles et l’environnement politico-économique ont des effets significatifs sur la création et la destruction d’entreprises russes, avec une estimation robuste du prix mondial du pétrole (quelle que soit la différence entre les régions cibles) suggérant une forte exposition de chaque région russe à une crise mondiale. / This thesis takes a cross-regional analytical approach of three distinct economic areas to evaluate productive knowledge and diplomacy in the context of regional integration alongside determinants of business creation. From the angle of European integration, we introduce a new synthetic control methodology to evaluate the impact of EU accession on the economic complexity index of new CEE member states its results indicating that accession to the EU acted as a catalyst for the productive knowledge of countries with low levels of complexity before accession, allowing a higher rate of development in the sophistication of their product export space. Expanding our analysis to include all European countries and North African states, we proceed in a second stage to analyse institutional and logistical infrastructure determinants of trade by extending the traditional Gravity model to incorporate elements of diplomacy (including the presence of embassies and ambassadors). Our results demonstrate the benefits of soft and hard infrastructure as well as diplomatic activity on the bilateral trade fixed effect CEE and North African countries, validating their importance of these variables as powerful drivers of regional integration. In a final part, we turn our analysis to the Russian Federation as a regional geography with a panel regression analysis of the determinants of firm entry and exit. The empirical evaluation concludes that institutional failures and the politico-economic environment exhibit statistically significant and economically meaningful effects both on the creation and destruction of Russian firms, with a robust estimate of the world oil price (irrespective of the difference in target regions) suggesting a possible high exposure of each Russian region to a global crisis.

No description available.