Les marches aléatoires en milieu aléatoire ont suscité un vif intérêt au cours de ces dernières années, tant en sciences appliquées, comme moyen notamment d'affiner des modèles par une prise en compte des fluctuations de l'environnement, qu'en mathématiques, de par la multiplicité et la richesse des comportements qu'elles présentent. Cette thèse est dédiée à l'étude de divers aspects de la transience des marches aléatoires en milieu aléatoire. Elle est composée de deux parties, la première consacrée au cas des environnements de Dirichlet sur Z^d, la seconde au régime transient sous-diffusif sur Z. La loi de Dirichlet apparaît naturellement du fait de son lien avec les marches renforcées. Certaines de ses spécificités permettent de plus d'obtenir des résultats sensiblement plus précis qu'en général. On démontre ainsi tout d'abord une caractérisation de l'intégrabilité des temps de sortie de parties finies de graphes quelconques, qui permet de raffiner un critère de balisticité dans Z^d. On prouve également que les marches aléatoires en environnement de Dirichlet sont transientes directionnellement, avec probabilité positive, dès que les paramètres ne sont pas symétriques. En dimension 1, la thèse se focalise sur le rôle des vallées profondes de l'environnement, en fournissant une nouvelle preuve du théorème de Kesten-Kozlov-Spitzer dans le cas sous-diffusif basée sur l'étude fine du comportement de la marche. Outre une meilleure compréhension de l'émergence de la loi limite, cette preuve a l'avantage de fournir la valeur explicite de ses paramètres. / Random walks in random environment have raised a great interest in the last few years, both among applied scientists, notably as a way to refine models by taking fluctuations of the surrounding environment into account, and among mathematicians, because of the variety and wealth of behaviours they display. This thesis aims at the study of miscellaneous aspects of the transience of random walks in random environment. A first part is dedicated to Dirichlet environments on Z^d and a second one to the transient subdiffusive regime on Z. Random walks in Dirichlet environment arise naturally as an equivalent model for oriented-edge reinforced reinforced random walks. Its specificities also allow for sensibly sharper results than in the general case. We thus prove a characterization of the integrability of exit times out of finite subsets of arbitrary graphs, which enables us to refine a ballisticity criterion on Z^d. We also prove that these random walks are transient with positive probability as soon as the parameters are non-symmetric. In dimension 1, the thesis focuses on the role of the deep valleys of the environment. We give a new proof of Kesten-Kozlov-Spitzer theorem in the subdiffusive regime based on a fine study of the behaviour of the walk. Together with a better understanding of the origin of the limit law, this proof also provides its explicit parameters.

Esta pesquisa parte do conjunto de fotografias impressas a jato de tinta sobre papéis artesanais que foi produzido por mim durante o decorrer dos anos de 2012 e 2013. A decisão de manufaturar meu próprio suporte é identificada como um ponto crucial a partir do qual passo a refletir sobre a relação entre suporte e imagem. Como decorrência da maneira de produzir estes trabalhos, as ideias de transitoriedade e afeto se colocam neles. Permeia este texto o entendimento de que a obra conclui ao mesmo tempo em que inclui seu processo de formação, presente na Teoria da Formatividade, de Luigi Pareyson. / This research is based on the set of inkjet printed photos on handmade paper that was produced by me during the years 2012 and 2013. The decision to manufacture my own support is identified as a crucial step from which arises the reflection on the relationship between support and image. As a result of the way these works were produced, the ideas of transience and affection take place in them. Permeating this text is the understanding that the work concludes while including their formation process, present in Luigi Pareyson’s Estetica: teoria della formatività.

Mobility, the movement of students from school to school, affects students, classrooms, schools, and systems. Extensive research has been conducted on the relationship between mobility and student academics. Although the research has not determined mobility is the cause of lower academic scores, it is certainly a contributing factor. Most students with high mobility rates also have difficulty in math, reading, or language. Teachers of classrooms with these students tend to "flatten" the curriculum by reviewing more than usual. Long-range planning for these students can be difficult. Schools and systems may plan programs for students who have moved on by the next year or not have needed programs in place for new students. This study determined strategies that the educational community can use to ease the transition of students from school to school. Using the Delphi technique, a panel of experts suggested, refined, and prioritized strategies for use by the classroom teacher, the school, the school system and the community. This panel was comprised of persons who had experience working with or studying mobile students. Researchers and directors of organizations whose primary function dealt with mobile students were members of the panel. School administrators, teachers, social workers, and guidance counselors from schools who not only have a high mobility rate, but also have developed programs for these students served on the panel as well. Through the use of three rounds of questionnaires, consensus was reached on a number of strategies. The highest ranked strategy for students transferring into and out of the school dwelt with the quick retrieval of complete and up-to-date records. Whenever possible, a transfer slip with pertinent information should be sent with the student. Making the student feel welcome and a part of the school was deemed highly important as was helping the family become familiar with the community. Systems should not only provide staff development in schools with high mobility, but also fund programs geared to meet the needs of these students. Using the strategies suggested by the Delphi Panel, the negative effects of mobility may be lessened.

Few data exist that specifically examine the relationship between student transiency and achievement test scores. No concrete data exist on any of the Bristol, Tennessee, City Schools that specifically examine the relationship between student transience and achievement test scores. Few studies use quantitative measures to investigate the relationship of transiency on achievement. This study is significant because the researcher used data collected through quantitative methods to examine the impact of transience on one school. This dissertation addressed the question, “How is achievement related to transiency?” Additional questions included: “How do nontransient first through sixth graders perform on the Terra Nova Achievement Test?” and “How do transient first through sixth graders students perform on the same test?” Conducted by a district employee in the participating school district, this study was quantitative and interpretive. The data included test results for three years: 2001, 2002, and 2003. With very few exceptions, the overall scores of nontransient students in this study were higher than that of transient students. The mean between transient and nontransient students was not enough to be statistically significant.

Les marches aléatoires en milieu aléatoire ont suscité un vif intérêt au cours de ces dernières années, tant en sciences appliquées, comme moyen notamment d'affiner des modèles par une prise en compte des fluctuations de l'environnement, qu'en mathématiques, de par la multiplicité et la richesse des comportements qu'elles présentent. Cette thèse est dédiée à l'étude de divers aspects de la transience des marches aléatoires en milieu aléatoire. Elle est composée de deux parties, la première consacrée au cas des environnements de Dirichlet sur Z^d, la seconde au régime transient sous-diffusif sur Z. La loi de Dirichlet apparaît naturellement du fait de son lien avec les marches renforcées. Certaines de ses spécificités permettent de plus d'obtenir des résultats sensiblement plus précis qu'en général. On démontre ainsi tout d'abord une caractérisation de l'intégrabilité des temps de sortie de parties finies de graphes quelconques, qui permet de raffiner un critère de balisticité dans Z^d. On prouve également que les marches aléatoires en environnement de Dirichlet sont transientes directionnellement, avec probabilité positive, dès que les paramètres ne sont pas symétriques. En dimension 1, la thèse se focalise sur le rôle des vallées profondes de l'environnement, en fournissant une nouvelle preuve du théorème de Kesten-Kozlov-Spitzer dans le cas sous-diffusif basée sur l'étude fine du comportement de la marche. Outre une meilleure compréhension de l'émergence de la loi limite, cette preuve a l'avantage de fournir la valeur explicite de ses paramètres.

Žmogus, jo būtis jau šimtmečius jaudina ne vieną filosofą, dramaturgą, poetą ir kiekvieną iš mūsų. Todėl ši tema išlieka aktuali ir neišsemiama bet kuriuo laikmečiu. / A man, his existence is not worried about a century philosopher, playwright, poet and every one of us. Therefore, this topic remains relevant and inexhaustible in any era.

This proposal in Visual Poetics, developed in the line of research in Art and Visuality, investigates the language of painting and its relationship in the contemporaneity about the transitory aspects, ephemerals and duration, taking into account the symbolic image of the cactus. The object of study occurs through pictorial [de]constructions that provide a visual transformation indicating the passage of time with the performance (or not) of mechanisms or devices that interfere in the physical appearance of the painting, and at the same time, these ones need the accompaniment (attendance) of the process by the action of the artist together at the work. The research period was between 2013 and 2014 and took into account the artistic practices along with the theoretical reflections about the route of my creative process. The acquired results of the research are made up of a succession of stages or different transient pictorial phases that characterize the visuality of poetics. The writing that is said in this dissertation follows arranged by two parts. The first one deals with the [de]construction of poetic with emphasis on the work Inconstant States (2013), respectively, presenting the process of steps, experiments, materials, techniques and even how occurred the idea (research design). Finally, the second part, deals with the extension of poetic starting from the perspective of the deployment of other relevant studies that discuss and deepen this research in Visual Arts. / Essa proposta em Poéticas Visuais, desenvolvida na linha de pesquisa em Arte e Visualidade, investiga a linguagem da pintura e suas relações na contemporaneidade sobre aspectos transitórios, efêmeros e de duração, levando em conta a imagem simbólica do cacto. O objeto de estudo dá-se por meio de [des]construções pictóricas que apresentam uma transformação visual indicando a passagem do tempo com a atuação (ou não) de mecanismos ou dispositivos que interfiram na aparência física da pintura, sendo que ao mesmo tempo, estas necessitam do desvelamento (acompanhamento) do processo pela ação do artista junto ao trabalho. O período de investigação ocorreu entre 2013 e 2014 e levou em consideração as práticas artísticas juntamente com as reflexões teóricas acerca do percurso do meu processo criativo. Os resultados obtidos na investigação constituem-se de uma sucessão de etapas ou distintas fases pictóricas transitórias que caracterizam a visualidade da poética. A escrita que consta nesta dissertação segue disposta por meio de duas partes. A primeira trata da [des]construção da poética com ênfase na obra Estados Inconstantes (2013), respectivamente, apresentando o processo das etapas, dos experimentos, dos materiais, das técnicas e inclusive de como surgiu a ideia (concepção da pesquisa). Por último, a segunda aborda a extensão da poética partindo pelo viés do desdobramento de outros trabalhos relevantes que discutem e aprofundam essa investigação em Artes Visuais.

Esta pesquisa parte do conjunto de fotografias impressas a jato de tinta sobre papéis artesanais que foi produzido por mim durante o decorrer dos anos de 2012 e 2013. A decisão de manufaturar meu próprio suporte é identificada como um ponto crucial a partir do qual passo a refletir sobre a relação entre suporte e imagem. Como decorrência da maneira de produzir estes trabalhos, as ideias de transitoriedade e afeto se colocam neles. Permeia este texto o entendimento de que a obra conclui ao mesmo tempo em que inclui seu processo de formação, presente na Teoria da Formatividade, de Luigi Pareyson. / This research is based on the set of inkjet printed photos on handmade paper that was produced by me during the years 2012 and 2013. The decision to manufacture my own support is identified as a crucial step from which arises the reflection on the relationship between support and image. As a result of the way these works were produced, the ideas of transience and affection take place in them. Permeating this text is the understanding that the work concludes while including their formation process, present in Luigi Pareyson’s Estetica: teoria della formatività.

Cette thèse propose un parcours historique de l’évolution du motif de la bulle, depuis ses prolégomènes antiques et baroques jusqu’à la modernité, et une réflexion sur son expression et ses significations littéraires, plus particulièrement poétiques, à travers l’étude de quelques œuvres représentatives. De la formation de ses fascinants éclats irisés à son éclatement, la bulle permet de s’interroger sur le rapport du sujet à la fragile beauté du monde qui l’entoure. Le motif évolue, cependant, en fonction des périodes et des auteurs, selon la valeur que l’on accorde à cette beauté éphémère, oscillant entre exemplum moralisateur et idéal esthétique, entre la figuration de la Vanité de toute chose et celle d’un éclat fulgurant de présence. L’étude de ce fragile motif conduit à aborder des questions de poétique plus vastes, comme celles du détail et de l’éphémère. La bulle, isolée en tant que détail, amène à reconsidérer, dans le système sémiotique de l’œuvre littéraire, la charge de sens liée aux motifs ténus qui pourraient paraître insignifiants. L’éphémère, quant à lui, avec diverses implications culturelles, demande d’interroger des notions postulant un rapport subjectif de l’individu à sa perception du monde et du temps. Ce motif singulier engage également une thématique spatiale : la bulle, soufflée ou émergeant d’un liquide, prend dans l’espace une forme qui se caractérise par sa sphéricité et qui évoque métaphoriquement la création, divine ou littéraire. À partir de ce recensement des différentes implications culturelles du motif, dans ses constantes et ses évolutions, on étudie l’usage qu’en font quelques auteurs et textes exemplaires : Grégoire de Nysse, Erasme, Crashaw, Le Cardinal de Bernis, Chénier, Vigny, Hugo, Musset, Gautier, Baudelaire, Claudel, Tzara, Reverdy, Ponge, Jaccottet et Bonnefoy. / This thesis offers a historical journey through the evolution of the leitmotiv of the bubble, from the prolegomena of the antiquity and baroque eras to modern literature, as well as a reflection on its expression and its literary meanings, and more particularly in poetry, through the study of a few exemplary poems. From the formation of its fascinating iridescent reflections to its bursting, the leitmotiv of the bubble leads us to ponder the relationship between the subject and the fragile beauty of the world around him. The leitmotiv evolves, however, depending on the value the periods and the authors grant to this ephemeral beauty, oscillating between moralising exemplum and aesthetic ideal, between the representation of the Vanity of all things, and that of a transient flash of being. The study of this fragile leitmotiv brings us to consider more encompassing poetic questions: that of the details and of the ephemeral. The bubble, isolated as a detail, leads us to reconsider, within the semiotic system of a literary piece, the meaning tied to fine leitmotivs that could first appear insignificant. With its diverse cultural implications, the ephemeral makes us question the notions that postulate a subjective relationship between the individual and his perception of the world and of time. This singular leitmotiv also involves a spatial thematic: the bubble, blown or emerging from a liquid, takes upon a characteristic spherical shape, which metaphorically evokes creation, whether divine or literary. From this inventory of the various cultural implications of the leitmotiv, and considering its composing elements and its evolutions, we will study how it is employed through exemplary texts by a few authors such as : Gregory of Nyssa, Desiderius Erasmus, Crashaw, The Cardinal de Bernis, Chénier, Vigny, Hugo, Musset, Gautier, Baudelaire, Claudel, Tzara, Reverdy, Ponge, Bonnefoy and Jaccottet.

Esta pesquisa parte do conjunto de fotografias impressas a jato de tinta sobre papéis artesanais que foi produzido por mim durante o decorrer dos anos de 2012 e 2013. A decisão de manufaturar meu próprio suporte é identificada como um ponto crucial a partir do qual passo a refletir sobre a relação entre suporte e imagem. Como decorrência da maneira de produzir estes trabalhos, as ideias de transitoriedade e afeto se colocam neles. Permeia este texto o entendimento de que a obra conclui ao mesmo tempo em que inclui seu processo de formação, presente na Teoria da Formatividade, de Luigi Pareyson. / This research is based on the set of inkjet printed photos on handmade paper that was produced by me during the years 2012 and 2013. The decision to manufacture my own support is identified as a crucial step from which arises the reflection on the relationship between support and image. As a result of the way these works were produced, the ideas of transience and affection take place in them. Permeating this text is the understanding that the work concludes while including their formation process, present in Luigi Pareyson’s Estetica: teoria della formatività.