L'objectif des travaux présentés dans ce mémoire concerne le développement d'un modèle global représentant le couplage de l'enveloppe du bâtiment avec les équipements énergétiques. Une approche systémique appelée les Bond Graphs, peu employée jusqu'ici dans la modélisation des systèmes thermiques, est utilisée. Le modèle global du bâtiment, regroupant sous le même environnement de simulation, les modèles de l'enveloppe du bâtiment, les apports solaires, les émetteurs de chauffage et de rafraîchissement et le système de ventilation, est développé pour reconstituer l'ensemble des articulations énergétiques entre l'enveloppe et les environnements intérieur et extérieur. A travers la modélisation d'un bâtiment multizone, le couplage systémique des modèles de l'enveloppe et des apports solaires est présenté. Par ailleurs, un système combinant un plancher chauffant et un plafond rafraîchissant est étudié à l'aide des modèles des émetteurs de chauffage et de rafraîchissement. Le renouvèlement d'air dans le bâtiment est également concerné par la modélisation Bond Graph. Enfin, des éléments de validation expérimentale sont présentés. Pour cela, la plateforme de tri-génération d'énergie ENERBAT est exploitée. L'objectif est d'étudier le couplage optimal enveloppe du bâtiment - équipements énergétiques pour lequel les modèles BG sont développés. Une étude paramétrique tenant compte des interactions entre les paramètres étudiés est menée sur un projet réel de rénovation. Finalement, une combinaison appropriée des paramètres étudiés a été retenue afin de réduire la consommation énergétique.

Le brouillard électromagnétique dans lequel nous vivons en permanence estaujourd’hui montré du doigt car, outre les risques sanitaires qu’il pourrait engendrer, illimite l’usage de certaines technologies. L’importance des interférences entre réseauxsans fil, ou la peur du piratage sur ces mêmes réseaux, en sont deux exemples. Cetravail de thèse vise à développer un nouveau moyen de protection contre certaines deces ondes électromagnétiques. Plus spécifiquement, ce travail se focalise sur unetechnologie capable de filtrer uniquement les ondes WiFi et GSM à travers de grandessurfaces d’une habitation, comme un mur. Pour ce faire, la fonctionnalisation d’uncomposant standard des bâtiments, le papier-peint, a été étudié.L’utilisation de surfaces sélectives en fréquence a été retenue. Ces motifs sontdirectement imprimés sur du papier à l’aide d’encre conductrice et de la techniqued’impression flexographique. L’étude s’est également portée sur la réalisation de motifsde filtrage innovants. Les résultats de simulation montrent qu’ils sont capables de filtrerdeux ou trois bandes, qu’ils sont quasiment insensibles à la polarisation et à l’angled’incidence dans une plage allant de 0° à ± 80°. Le travail a ensuite permis dedémontrer la faisabilité pratique de ce concept aux stades laboratoire et industriel.Ensuite, nous avons démontré expérimentalement l’efficacité de ce concept dans lesbandes WiFi. La transmission atteint alors -30 dB. Enfin, une validation expérimentaledu produit en situation réelle a été menée, à savoir la pose du papier-peint sur du plâtre,du bois, l’influence de la colle ou encore la pose d’une couche de papier-peint décoratifpar-dessus le produit.En conclusion, les résultats pratiques obtenus confirment les résultats théoriquesestimés et, permettent à ce nouveau concept, appelé métapapier, d’être suffisammentefficace pour permettre la réduction des ondes WiFi ou GSM. / The electromagnetic smog in which we live today is nowadays a real issue because it limits the use of certain technologies and also because there are some potential health risks associated with it, even if the latter is still a controversial subject. The importance of the interferences between wireless networks or the possibility of data hacking on the same networks are two examples. The aim of this thesis is to develop a new way to protect buildings against some of these electromagnetic waves. More specifically, this work focuses on a technology able to filter only the WiFi and the GSM waves through large areas of a home, like a wall for example. To do this, the functionalization of a standard component of buildings, the wallpaper, was studied. The use of frequency selective surface (FSS) was chosen. These patterns are printed directly on paper with a conductive ink printing technology: the flexography. The study also focuses on the realization of innovative filter designs. Simulation results show that these novel FSS are able to filter two or three bands. They are almost insensitive to the polarization and to the angle of incidence in the range of 0° to ±80°. The realization feasibility of this concept in a laboratory or in industrial conditions was demonstrated. Next, an experimental demonstration of this concept in the WiFi bands was carried out. In this context, the transmission coefficient was reached -30 dB. Finally, an experimental validation of the product in real conditions of use was conducted, namely the wallpaper was put over plasterboards or over wood panels. Also, the influence of the glue on the general performances and the placement of a decorative wallpaper over the FSS wallpaper were studied. In conclusion, the practical results obtained confirm and validate the theoretical predictions of this new concept, called metapaper, and show that the practical realizations are efficient enough to allow the reduction of WiFi or GSM signals.

In the present thesis, magnetization reversal in both out-of-plane and in-plane magnetized thin lms and in devices fabricated out of those lms are explored. Pt/Co/Pt stacks with ultrathin Co layer were in-estimated initially for understanding their magnetic properties in this thesis. These perpendicular magnetized systems are good candidates for magnetic hard disc drives due to their large anisotropy, which may allow miniaturization of magnetic data storage devices. The spin Hall e ect mediated current-induced magnetization reversal in patterned Pt/Co/Pt devices were extensively investigated. Investigation of the magnetization reversal by means of a current instead of a magnetic eld is necessary to explore the possibilities of solid state magnetic memory devices. This is the primary motivation behind the investigation of current-induced magnetization reversal in Pt/Co/Pt system, in this thesis. Another important proposal for magnetic data storage is the race track memory, where the domain walls separating magnetic domains (in in-plane or out-of-plane magnetized materials) are moved by using a current. This involves a great deal of understanding of the domain wall motion in Nano-conduits under applied magnetics ends, and currents and also its interaction with engineered geometrical features. In this thesis work, magnetic led-driven domain wall pinning and deepening experiments on in-plane magnetized nanowires of perm alloy were performed to un-distend this interaction and the e act of domain wall chirality. In chapter 1, a general introduction to di errant data storage technologies and the current progress in the leg of spintronic is presented. This will highlight a perspective of this thesis work with respect to the present day research in spintronic and magnetization reversal studies. In chapter 2, a basic background of magnetism using the micromag-netic framework is illustrated. A brief introduction to magnetic domain walls is also presented. The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert dynamical equation is discussed and some case studies applied to a single domain particle with uniaxial anisotropy under the effect of spin-orbit torque are illu trated. The basics of spin-orbit coupling leading to spin Hall e ect is also explain In chapter 3, most of the essential experimental tools along with their basic working principles are described. Extensive e orts have been in-vested in designing and building the experimental tools. These include custom designs of a sputter deposition system, an ultra-high vacuum chamber for pulsed laser ablation, a magneto-optic Kerr e ect magne-tometer, a Kerr imaging system and a magneto-transport setup. All of these experimental setups have been automated, details of which are brie y discussed in this chapter. The Kerr imaging system was designed to measure hysteresis loops, observe domain wall motion and to measure domain wall velocity under applied magnetic elds and electric current. The magneto-transport setup was used for studying the domain wall pinning and depinning experiments in permalloy nanowires. In chapter 4, the optimization process for obtaining perpendicular mag-netic anisotropy in Pt/Co/Pt lms is described. The spin reorientation transition with varying thickness of Co (from 1.5 nm down to 0.35 nm) was studied. The magnetization easy axis direction changes from in-plane to out-of-plane as the thickness of Co is reduced. The dependence of Curie temperatures of ultrathin Co lms, with thickness as low as 0.35 nm, on the underlayer Pt thickness and its crystallinity was studied in detail. The e act of Ta but err layer on the texture of the Pt lm, and on the Curie temperature of the Pt/Co/Pt system was evaluated. To gain further insight of the role of the bottom Pt/Co and the top Co/Pt interfaces, ultrathin Cu lbs were inserted at the respective interfaces, and the anisotropy and magnetization reversal behaviour of these lbs were investigated. In chapter 5, studies on current-induced magnetization reversal in mi-corn sized wires of Pt/Co/Pt trilete is presented. The spin Hall e act assisted spin-orbit torque was used to reversibly switch the magnetization of these devices with and without the help of an external magnetic led. Since both the top and bottom layers are Pt, any contribution from Rashia e act towards spin-orbit torque could be ignored. By preparing devices with unequal top and bottom Pt thicknesses, a net spin-orbit torque could be applied to the magnetization of the Co layer. The thickness gradient/induced anisotropy in the Co layer was utilized to experimentally investigate current-induced deterministic switching. Sin-gel domain simulations with spin-orbit torque were also carried out to understand the mechanism of deterministic switching of magnetization in Pt/Co/Pt devices. This study is expected to have made sign cant contributions and to open up the possibilities of further investigation in the studies of spin-orbit torque in Pt/Co/Pt systems for solid state magnetic memory devices. In chapter 6, magnetic led-induced reversal in systems with in-plane magnetic anisotropy is presented. Here the e act of the width of a Nanos-trip on the anisotropy of a soft magnetic material like perm alloy was in-estimated. By introducing a nucleation pad to one end of the perm alloy nanowire, a single domain wall was generated at the junction with apple-cation of a proper magnetic led sequence. This domain wall could be in-jested into the nanowire by a magnetic led and pinned at a geometrical constriction inside the nanowire. The statistics of domain wall pinning and deepening processes indicated two di errant types of domain walls involved in the reversal process. With the assistance of micro magnetic simulations the domain walls were ident end as vortex walls of di errant chirality’s. Thus the interaction of domain walls with a Nano constriction and its dependence on the chirality of domain walls are understood. In chapter 7, a brief summary of the results obtained during the course of investigations is presented. An outlook presented at the end will help the readers of this thesis to understand the important research problems in this area and their potential future aspects.

Ce manuscrit de thèse de doctorat présente la conception et la réalisation d’un système d’imageriepour le diagnostic précoce des pathologies de la peau. Un diagnostic précoce permet de réduire lesactes chirurgicaux inutiles. Il est important de mettre en avant que seulement 20% des pathologiesfaisant office d’une opération chirurgicale, sont malignes. De plus, les pronostics de l’année 2015avançaient trois millions de nouveaux cas de cancer de la peau diagnostiqués aux ´ Etats-Unis. Basésur la tomographie par cohérence optique à balayage en longueur d’onde et une configuration pleinchamp et multi-canaux, le système d’imagerie médicale est capable d’imager en volume les couchesinternes de la peau et donc de fournir un diagnostic médical pour le professionnel de santé. Pourune fabrication en série du système portatif, les composants optiques sont micro-fabriqués sur dessubstrats et assemblés verticalement. Ces micro-composants optiques requièrent une caractérisationspécifique. Pour cela, deux systèmes ont ainsi été développés pour estimer leurs performancesoptiques. Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre du projet Européen VIAMOS (Vertically IntegratedArray-type Mirau-based OCT System). / The manuscript concerns the optical design and the development of a non-invasive new imagingsystem for the early diagnosis of skin pathologies. Indeed, an early diagnosis can make the differencebetween malignant and benign skin lesion in order to minimize unnecessary surgical procedure.Furthermore, prognosis for the year 2015 was that more than three millions new skin cancer caseswill be diagnosed in the United States. Based on the swept source optical coherence tomographytechnique in full-field and multiple channels configuration, the imaging system is able to perform avolumetric image of the subsurface of the skin, and thus can help in taking a better medical decision.Furthermore, for a batch-fabrication of the hand-held device, micro-optical components were made atwafer-level and vertically assembled using multi-wafer bonding. This miniaturized system requiresspecific characterization. Thus, two systems were also developed for imaging quality evaluation ofmicro-optical elements. This work has been supported by the VIAMOS (Vertically Integrated ArraytypeMirau-based OCT System) European project.

In recent years, the term "Healthy Communities" has become a catch phrase among planners, health promotion workers, social workers and government agencies, and increasing numbers of professionals have taken a role in the development of healthy communities projects. The literature on the healthy communities concept has increased in size and scope. Yet the concept itself is byno means clearly defined. Nor is there a standard method for developing a successful healthy communities project, or a regional collaboration of healthy communities projects. The question remains, when a planner undertakes a role in the development of a healthy communities project, what are the most important factors to consider? This thesis examines the influence of various project inputs on the ability of a regional healthy communities project to achieve its objectives. The thesis uses a case study of the Tri-City Health Promotion Project, a collaborative healthy communities project undertaken in the cities of Castlegar, Trail and Nelson in the West Kootenay region of British Columbia. In this study, documentary analysis and interviews with Tri-City project staff illuminate the importance of several influences on a regional healthy communities project. Some of these are: the approach used by the participants (task- orprocess-orientation), the resources and constraints specific to each community, the context from which the project grew, the personalities of those involved, the ability of the collaborating communities to work together, and the relationship between the community and regional bodies in the project structure. Conclusions: While every healthy communities project will be affected differently by various inputs, in the case of the Tri-City Health Promotion Project, the relationship between the regional and community bodies in the project structure had the greatest influence on the ability of the community Steering Committees to achieve their goals. Planners working on a regional healthy communities project must carefully examine the design of the project, in order to develop a structure which enhances the working relationship between regional and community bodies. This is particularly crucial in the healthy communities context, where decision-making power often resides at the community level, rather than being centralized in the regional body. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Mayotte département d’outre-mer français depuis 2011, fait partie de l’archipel des Comores ; elle est séparée des îles de l’État de l’Union des Comores depuis 1975. L’instauration d’un visa en 1995 et l’ordonnance n° 2002-688 du 12 juillet 2004 entréeen vigueur le 1er avril 2005 relative à l’extension de la sécurité sociale à Mayotte exclut les malades étrangers du système de santé mahorais. Ceci entraine des processus d’évacuation sanitaire par la voie d’une immigration clandestine qui provoque des naufrages et des violations des droits du patient. L’attrait de Mayotte et de la France métropolitaine pour les populations défavorisées occasionne des situations de conflits et de concurrence pour l’accès à la protection sanitaire et sociale. Les populations défavorisées de Mayotte, qui se battent pour combler leur retard par rapport à la métropole, vivent mal cette concurrence ; tandis que les populations immigrées vivant dans la clandestinité et sous la menace d’une expulsion imminente, rencontrent des difficultés pour faire valoir leur droit aux soins et au bénéfice à l’assistance du système social. Les obstacles sont nombreux et souvent considérables, dus notamment à la discrimination, à une disparité de difficultés sociales et économiques et à leurs conditions de vie généralement très difficiles. La maîtrise des flux migratoires et la lutte contre l’immigration irrégulière demeurent des priorités de la politique du gouvernement français en matière d’immigration. Laspécificité de la situation du département de Mayotte ainsi que l’importance des flux migratoires qui y sont constatés ont conduit les autorités sanitaires à gérer les flux migratoires liés aux évacuations sanitaires par la voie illégale. La France mène une politique sanitaire en continuant de soutenir l’Union des Comores dans l’amélioration de l’accessibilité et de laqualité des soins, à travers les programmes d’appui au secteur de la santé. Ces programmes auront pour finalité l’amélioration de la santé des mères et des enfants, notamment la réduction des mortalités maternelle et néonatale. La France à travers son organisme Agence française de développement (AFD) entend appuyer le ministère de la Santé dans l’élaboration et la mise en oeuvre des politiques publiques et contribuer au renforcement du cadre institutionnel et juridique du secteur. Il s’agira notamment d’appuyer l’État comorien dans la mise en place de mécanismes de régulation du service privé dans le secteur public et de réformer la pharmacie nationale. Cette recherche pointe les enjeux liés au droit de la protection sociale et au droit de la santé des étrangers sur le territoire national, aussi bien en France métropolitaine qu’à Mayotte. La diversité des droits nationaux applicables à Mayotte constitue une entrave sérieuse face aux dispositifs locaux relatifs à l'accompagnement sanitaire et social. Il est donc indispensable de chercher des solutions juridiques relatives à l’uniformisation de ce droit sanitaire et social afin d’améliorer le système de santé. Les résultats de cette recherche ont montré que les dispositifs locaux tels que le « bon rose » et le « bon AGD » ne sont pas du tout équivalents aux dispositifs nationaux (l'AME et la CMUc). / Mayotte a French overseas department since 2011, is part of the comorian archipelago from which it was separated from the State of Union of the Comoros islands since 1975. The introduction of a visa in 1995 and the order n° 2002-688 delivered on 12 july 2004 and entered into force on April 1st 2005 with regard to the extension of social security in Mayotte exclude the foreign sick from Mayotte's health system. This leads to a process of medical evacuation following an illegal immigration way that causes shipwrecks and the violation of the patient's rights. The attraction of Mayotte and Mainland France for disadvantaged populations lead to conflict situations and competition in the access to health and social protection. Mayotte's disadvantaged populations, who are struggling to catch up with the mainland, do not get along with that competition. At the same time the illegal immigrants living clandestinely and with the threat of expulsion are facing difficulties to assert their right to health care and to benefit from social system assistance. Obstacles are numerous and most of the time considerable, mainly because of discrimination, because of their judicial status, of disparity in their social and economical difficulties and because of their generaly very hard living conditions. The control of migratory flow and the fight against illegal immigrant remain the top priorities of the French government policy as far as immigration is concerned. The singularity of the situation in the department of Mayotte and the huge migratory flows that have been observed led healthcare authorities to handle migratory movements related to illegal medical evacuations. France has a healthcare policy and continues to support the Union of Comoros in the effort to improve healthcare access and quality, through support programs to health sector. These programs aim at improving the health of mothers and children, mainly in reducing maternal mortality. Through its organisation AFD, France aims at supporting health ministry in elaborating and implementing public policies and helping comorian state to put in place regulatory mechanisms of a private service within public sector and to reform the national pharmacy. This work focus on the issues related to the right to social protection and the health law for foreigners on the national territory, in mainland France and in Mayotte as well. Diversity of national laws applicable in Mayotte is a significant barrier to local devices in terms of medical and social assistance. It is necessary to seek legal solutions related to standardization of this health and social law in order to better the healthcare system. During our field research we observed that local devices such as the "pink warrant" and the "good AGD" are not at all equivalent to the national devices (AME and CMUc).

Nach dem Eintritt in den Wirtsorganismus und initialer Replikation infizieren Alphaherpesviren Neuronen zur weiteren Ausbreitung im Nervensystem und zur Etablierung einer Latenz. Dazu werden die Viruspartikel innerhalb der Axone retrograd von der Peripherie zum neuronalen Zellkörper transportiert. Die umgekehrte Richtung beschreibt den Weg des anterograden Transports vom Zellkörper zur Synapse für weitere Infektionen von Neuronen höherer Ordnung oder zurück zur Peripherie. Der retrograde intraaxonale Transport ist gut untersucht. Dagegen wird über den anterograden Transport kontrovers diskutiert. Zwei verschiedene Transportmodelle werden vermutet. Das „Married Model“ postuliert, dass umhüllte Virionen innerhalb von Vesikeln entlang des Axons transportiert werden. Die Freisetzung der Partikel erfolgt an der jeweiligen Synapse durch Endocytose. Das „Subassembly Model“ geht dagegen davon aus, dass einzelne Virusstrukurkomponenten (Nukleokapsid, Hülle) entlang des Axons transportiert werden. Der Zusammenbau und die Freisetzung erfolgt am Axonterminus bzw. an der Synapse (in vivo) oder am Wachstumskegel (in vitro) oder an speziellen Auftreibungen des Axons, den sogenannten Varicosities. Nach Infektion eines neuronalen Explantatsystems mit dem Pseudorabiesvirus (PrV) konnten ultrastrukturell umhüllte Virionen in Vesikeln detektiert werden und so der Nachweis der Gültigkeit des „Married Model“ als vorherrschendes Transportmodell geführt werden. Dagegen ist die Situation beim prototypischen Alphaherpesvirus, dem Herpes Simplex Virus Typ 1 (HSV-1), weiterhin ungeklärt. Aufgrund der zahlreichen unterschiedlichen Analysemethoden und -systeme war ein direkter Vergleich der beiden Viren bislang nicht möglich. Daher sollte in dieser Arbeit ein standardisiertes neuronales Kultursystem genutzt werden, um vier verschiedene HSV-1 Stämme im Vergleich zu PrV zu untersuchen. Für die Infektionen wurden sowohl Neuronen aus dem oberen Cervikalganglion als auch aus Spinalganglien genutzt. So konnte gezeigt werden, dass in Neuronen, welche mit den HSV-1 Stämmen HFEM, 17+ und SC16 infiziert waren ca. 75% als umhüllte Virionen in Vesikeln und ca. 25% als nackte Kapside vorlagen. Ingesamt war die Anzahl der Viruspartikel in HSV-1 infizierten Neuronen signifikant geringer als in PrV infizierten Kulturen. Überraschenderweise zeigten mit HSV-1 KOS infizierte Neuronen ein reverses Bild. Hier lagen nur 25% der Viruspartikel als umhüllte Virionen in Vesikeln vor, während 75% als nackte Kapside detektiert wurden. Dieser unerwartete Phänotyp sollte auf molekularbiologischer Ebene genauer untersucht werden. Dabei wurde auf die Genregion von US9 fokussiert. Das von US9 codierte Membranprotein spielt eine wichtige Rolle während des Zusammenbaus der Virionen und bei anschließenden axonalen anterograden Transportvorgängen. In dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass das HSV-1 KOS Genom durch verschiedene Basenaustausche an der vorhergesagten TATA-Box von US9 eine Mutation aufweist. Zusätzlich trägt das offene Leseraster durch eine weitere Mutation ein vorzeitiges Stopcodon auf und wird dadurch auf 58 Kodons reduziert, im Gegensatz zu anderen HSV-1 Stämmen, wo es 91 Kodons umfasst. Die Mutation an der TATA-Box verändert auch das ursprüngliche Stopcodon vom US8a Gen, was zur einer Verlängerung von ursprünglich 161 zu 191 Kodons führt. In Northern Blot Analysen konnte eine reduzierte Transkription von US9 in HSV-1 KOS infizierten Zellen detektiert werden. In HSV-1 KOS infizierten Zellen konnten mittels eines spezifischen Antiserums gegen US9 im Western Blot kein Genprodukt nachgewiesen werden. Auch Immunfluoreszenzanalysen zeigten, dass das abgeleitete verkürzte Protein offenbar nicht stabil exprimiert wird. Dagegen konnten Western Blot Analysen die Vergrößerung des pUS8a bestätigen. Der beobachtete auffällige intraaxonale Phänotyp könnte somit durch die Mutation des US9 Protein erklärt werden. Zusammenfassend wurde in dieser Arbeit gezeigt, dass auch bei HSV-1 vorwiegend das „Married Model“ für den anterograden intraaxonalen Transportweg bevorzugt wird und somit beide Alphaherpesviren, HSV-1 und PrV, denselben Transportweg nutzen.

As a possible alternative for growing seed layers required for electrochemical Cu deposition of metallization systems in ULSI circuits, the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Cu is under consideration. To avoid drawbacks related to plasma-enhanced ALD (PEALD), thermal growth of Cu has been proposed by two-step processes forming copper oxide films by ALD which are subsequently reduced. This talk, given at the 8th International Conference on Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD 2008), held in Bruges, Belgium from 29 June to 2 July 2008, summarizes the results of thermal ALD experiments from [(^<i>n</i>Bu₃P)₂Cu(acac)] precursor and wet O₂. The precursor is of particular interest as it is a liquid at room temperature and thus easier to handle than frequently utilized solids such as Cu(acac)₂, Cu(hfac)₂ or Cu(thd)₂. Furthermore the substance is non-fluorinated, which helps avoiding a major source of adhesion issues repeatedly observed in Cu CVD. As result of the ALD experiments, we obtained composites of metallic and oxidized Cu on Ta and TaN, which was determined by angle-resolved XPS analyses. While smooth, adherent films were grown on TaN in an ALD window up to about 130°C, cluster-formation due to self-decomposition of the precursor was observed on Ta. We also recognized a considerable dependency of the growth on the degree of nitridation of the TaN. In contrast, smooth films could be grown up to 130°C on SiO₂and Ru, although in the latter case the ALD window only extends to about 120°C. To apply the ALD films as seed layers in subsequent electroplating processes, several reduction processes are under investigation. Thermal and plasma-assisted hydrogen treatments are studied, as well as thermal treatments in vapors of isopropanol, formic acid, and aldehydes. So far these attempts were most promising using formic acid at temperatures between 100 and 120°C, also offering the benefit of avoiding agglomeration of the very thin ALD films on Ta and TaN. In this respect, the process sequence shows potential for depositing ultra-thin, smooth Cu films at temperatures below 150°C.

非負値行列因子分解(NMF)は，全要素が非負であるデータ行列に対する行列分解法である．本論文では，実在するデータ行列に頻繁に見られる特徴や解釈容易性の向上を考慮に入れ，探索的にデータ分析を行うためのNMFの拡張について論じている．具体的には，零過剰行列や外れ値を含む行列を扱うための確率分布やダイバージェンス，さらには分解結果である因子行列の数や因子行列への直交制約について述べている． / Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a matrix decomposition technique to analyze nonnegative data matrices, which are matrices of which all elements are nonnegative. In this thesis, we discuss extensions of NMF for exploratory data analysis considering common features of a real nonnegative data matrix and an easy interpretation. In particular, we discuss probability distributions and divergences for zero-inflated data matrix and data matrix with outliers, two-factor vs. three-factor, and orthogonal constraint to factor matrices. / 博士(文化情報学) / Doctor of Culture and Information Science / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

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