ABSTRACT Influence of fenugreek gum on bread and in vitro physiological effects Keisha T. Roberts Advisors: University of Guelph Dr. S.W. Cui Professor T.E. Graham This thesis examined the effect of fenugreek gum, from Canadian grown fenugreek on bread quality, when substituted for wheat flour at 5 % and 10 %, and the in vitro physiological effects of these breads, based on models of acute and long - term feeding. Study I determined bread could be produced with 10 % fenugreek gum, while maintaining quality parameters of volume and texture, comparable to a control. This was accomplished through the development of a novel bread production method, using the lamination procedure for puff pastry production. The behavior of fenugreek gum and starch (wheat flour) was determined by rapid visco analysis (RVA), farinograph and dynamic rheological measurement, while scanning electron microscopy of bread found fenugreek gum could be identified within the bread matrix. Study 2 in vitro starch digestion found fenugreek gum at 5 % and 10 % reduced glucose liberated from bread, with 10 % fenugreek gum causing a reduction of over 30 %. RVA of fenugreek breads highlighted differences in viscosity between breads and wheat flour substituted with the gum. This was substantial as viscosity measurements by RVA are conducted on raw ingredients and not the food as consumed, which reflects the possible reduction in viscosity with food processing. This study also determined extruding fenugreek gum may have caused morphological changes to the gum, which may possibly contribute to attenuation of glucose liberated in vitro. Study 3 evaluated the accumulation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) from the fermentation of three substrates: Extruded fenugreek gum, bread with 10 % extruded gum and control bread, based on fecal microbiota from three donors. SCFA profiles varied with substrates and donors, with fenugreek gum having the highest accumulation of SCFA after 12 hours. Donors were a caucuasian Canadian, a black Jamaican and a black Trinidadian who was the only donor culturally exposed to fenugreek. This Trinidadian’s SCFA profiles were consistently higher for fenugreek gum than the other donors. These studies collectively showed fenugreek gum, though viscous could be successfully incorporated into bread and have potential as a functional food and nutraceutical.

While sorting through my experiences as a student teacher, my research question has shifted from “How can teacher education be improved?” to “How is teacher education represented?” I am interested in the juxtaposition of these two inquiries, and use them not to suggest pedagogical rules, but to draw attention to the kinds of spaces such a juxtaposition opens up. The shift in my research question is influenced by the discursive turn—the movement from social justice theories to poststructuralist theories, from theories based on experience to theories based on discourse. Questions of representation are the focus not only of poststructuralist theories but also of psychoanalytic theories, or theories of the unconscious, and both theories acknowledge that representations of reality are excessive: they contain more and less than that which they represent (Orner et al., 2005). The concept of excess enables me to make sense of moments in my teacher education program that could not be contained by dominant educational discourses of knowledge, reflection, and inclusion. The excessiveness of a teaching strategy called the Six Thinking Hats troubles the theory/practice binary in discourses of knowledge. The excessiveness of an assignment about philosophies of teaching, and a class discussion in response to the film Submission trouble the enlightenment/ignorance binary in discourses of reflection. And, the excessiveness of my attempt to question curricular content troubles the normal/exceptional binary in discourses of inclusion. I use excessive moments from my teacher education program to question existing discourses, and to suggest that we need to change the stories we tell ourselves about education (King, 2003). Our current educational discourses perpetuate histories of violence that we have inherited, and I suggest that social justice, poststructuralist, and psychoanalytic theories will enable us to more effectively heal from these inherited histories. / Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2007-12-04 16:19:40.676 / This work was funded in part by a Canadian Graduate Scholarship granted by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (766-2006-0775).

In the end of the1940's Occupational Medicine was institutionalised in Sweden. Health hazilards in the work place was not a new field for the Swedish physicians. They had been preocrcupied with these problems for a long time. The aim of this thesis is to analyse and describe how health hazards in the work placees, ecpecially in the factories, were perceived and described by Swedish physicians at the turn of the 20t century. The aim is also to clarify the physicians' role m shaping, developing and supervising the Occupational Safety and Health Acts. The city of Norrköping is used as anexample in discussing how physicians at a local level paid attention to health and safety issues in the work place. According to the physicians, there were a number of harmful factors in the factory work that could endanger health, but these were also seen to be dependent on the worker. Workers ldisplayed different kinds of vulnerability to the harmful factors. Sex, heredity, age, health, physique, habits and behaviour were understood as determining components. The preventive measures not only contained guidelines for the factories. They also included advises on how '!the workers should organise and live their lives outside work. The life style and behaviour the physicians would like to encourage were aligned with the !cultural values of the bourgeoisie at the tum of the 20th century. It is vital to recognise the cultural lens through which the physicians perceived and spoke of the workers' situation, their way of life and their behaviour inside as well as outside the factory.

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem besonders kritischen Ausschaltvorgang bipolarer Leistungsdioden, bei dem das im Durchlass vorhandene Ladungsträgerplasma abgebaut wird. Schwerpunkt ist dabei die Untersuchung von zwei ungewollten Phänomenen, die während des Ausschaltens auftreten können. Diese sind ein plötzliches Abreißen des Rückstroms während der Kommutierung und eine Zerstörung der Diode mit einem lokalen Aufschmelzen in der aktiven Fläche. Betrachtet wird dazu der Ladungsträgerberg, der sich während des Schaltvorgangs bildet. Durch die Analyse des Verhaltens der Ladungsträgerbergfronten, lässt sich sowohl der Einfluss von Schaltbedingungen auf den Plasmaabbau als auch der Unterschied von anodenseitigen und kathodenseitigen Stromfilamenten erklären. Die Erkenntnisse werden auf das moderne Diodenkonzept CIBH (Controlled Injection of Backside Holes) angewandt. Das Potential von CIBH-Dioden zur Verbesserung der Höhenstrahlfestigkeit und Stoßstromfestigkeit wird aufgezeigt. Schließlich wird das neue Anodenemitterkonzept IDEE (Inverse Injection Dependency of Emitter Efficiency) vorgestellt, welches in Kombination mit CIBH die Gesamteigenschaften von Dioden maßgeblich verbessert. Die aktuelle Version Dissertation_Roman_Baburske_2011_11_21.pdf ist um einige Tippfehler bereinigt. / This work concerns the reverse-recovery process of bipolar power diodes. The focus is the investigation of two undesirable phenomena. These are the sudden strong reverse-current decay and the destruction of the diode with a local melting of the chip in the active area. The plasma layer, which arises during the switching period, is considered. An analysis of the plasma-layer front dynamics allows an understanding of the influence of switching parameters on the plasma extraction and the different behavior of anode-side and cathode-side filaments. The results of the analysis are used to describe the operation of the modern diode concept CIBH (Controlled Injection of Backside Holes). The potential of CIBH diodes to improve cosmic-ray stability and surge-current ruggedness is investigated. Finally, a new anode-emitter concept called IDEE (Inverse Injection Dependency of Emitter Efficiency) is introduced, which improves in combination with CIBH the overall performance of a power diode.

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή πραγματεύεται τη λειτουργική συμπεριφορά μιας σύγχρονης μηχανής με έκτυπους πόλους κατά τη διάρκεια δύο ειδών σφαλμάτων, τα οποία παρουσιάζονται παρακάτω, για τις δύο συνθήκες σύνδεσης μίας σύγχρονης γεννήτριας με το δίκτυο. Ειδικότερα, μελετήθηκε η περίπτωση βραχυκυκλώματος στην τροφοδοσία του τυλίγματος διέγερσης της σύγχρονης μηχανής όταν είναι συνδεδεμένη σε ισχυρό δίκτυο και είτε ο αριθμός στροφών αυτής διατηρείται απόλυτα σταθερός, είτε ένας ελεγκτής τη συγκρατεί στο σύγχρονο αριθμό στροφών. Ακόμη διερευνήθηκε η περίπτωση εσωτερικού σφάλματος στο τύλιγμα του στάτη για τις δύο προαναφερθείσες περιπτώσεις. Υπολογίστηκαν και μελετήθηκαν η ηλεκτρομαγνητική ροπή και η μαγνητική επαγωγή κατά τη διάρκεια κάθε φαινομένου, καθώς επίσης τα ρεύματα σε δρομέα και στάτη συμπεριλαμβανομένων των ρευμάτων στον κλωβό απόσβεσης και του ρεύματος βραχυκύκλωσης σε τμήματα του τυλίγματος του στάτη. Αρχικά, περιγράφεται αναλυτικά ο τρόπος με τον οποίο μοντελοποιήθηκε η σύγχρονη γεννήτρια με έκτυπους πόλους, ενώ παράλληλα αναλύεται η μέθοδος με την οποία μοντελοποιήθηκαν τα σφάλματα σε στάτη και δρομέα και ο τρόπος με τον οποίο προσομοιώθηκε στο πρόγραμμα πεπερασμένων στοιχείων ο παραλληλισμός της μηχανής στο δίκτυο παροχής ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας. Στη συνέχεια, γίνεται αναφορά στον τρόπο με τον οποίο ορίζονται οι περιοχές του μοντέλου, οι εξισώσεις που επιλύει το πρόγραμμα πεπερασμένων στοιχείων για την εξαγωγή των αποτελεσμάτων, ο ορισμός των οριακών συνθηκών και τέλος περιγράφεται η εφαρμογή της μεθόδου πεπερασμένου στοιχείων που εφαρμόσθηκε στο συγκεκριμένο μοντέλο. Έπειτα προσομοιώθηκε η περίπτωση βραχυκυκλώματος στην τροφοδοσία του τυλίγματος διέγερσης, καθώς ο στάτης της σύγχρονης μηχανής είναι συνδεδεμένος σε ισχυρό δίκτυο με το δρομέα να στρέφεται με σταθερό αριθμό στροφών. Κατά τη διάρκεια του σφάλματος πραγματοποιείται λεπτομερής καταγραφή της μαγνητικής επαγωγής και της ηλεκτρομαγνητικής ροπής, καθώς και όλων των ρευμάτων στο τύλιγμα στάτη και δρομέα. Προκύπτουν χρήσιμα συμπεράσματα για τη συμπεριφορά της μηχανής σε όλη τη διάρκεια του σφάλματος και καταγράφονται τα ηλεκτρομαγνητικά μεγέθη και γίνεται αξιολόγηση της συμπεριφοράς της κατά τη διάρκεια αυτού του μεταβατικού φαινομένου. Ακόμη, εξετάζεται η ίδια περίπτωση σφάλματος στο τύλιγμα διέγερσης, αλλά ο αριθμός στροφών του δρομέα διατηρείται σταθερός μέσω ενός ελεγκτή στροφών. Παρατηρείται ότι η συμπεριφορά της μηχανής αλλά και όλα τα ηλεκτρομαγνητικά μεγέθη αυτής είναι τελείως διαφορετικά συγκρινόμενα με την προηγούμενη περίπτωση. Στη συνέχεια αυτής της διδακτορικής διατριβής εξετάζεται η συμπεριφορά της σύγχρονης μηχανής στην περίπτωση εσωτερικού βραχυκυκλώματος στο τύλιγμα του στάτη, καθώς είναι συνδεδεμένη σε ισχυρό δίκτυο με το δρομέα να στρέφεται με σταθερό αριθμό στροφών. Αναλυτικότερα, μελετώνται τα ρεύματα στο τύλιγμα του δρομέα καθώς και στο τύλιγμα του στάτη για βραχυκύκλωμα μεταξύ σπειρών που ανήκουν σε ίδια ή διαφορετική φάση. Υπολογίζεται το ρεύμα βραχυκύκλωσης και μελετάται ο τρόπος που επηρεάζει τα φασικά ρεύματα του στάτη τόσο ποσοτικά όσο και ποιοτικά. Επίσης, αναλύονται τα ρεύματα στον κλωβό απόσβεσης και μελετάται η συμπεριφορά τους κατά τη διάρκεια του βραχυκυκλώματος. Η εισαγωγή ελέγχου στροφών μεταβάλει τη συμπεριφορά της σύγχρονης γεννήτριας και υπολογίζονται αναλυτικά τα ηλεκτρομαγνητικά μεγέθη της σύγχρονης μηχανής προκύπτοντας συμπεράσματα για τον τρόπο με τον οποίο το βραχυκυκλωμένο τύλιγμα επηρεάζει τα μεγέθη αυτά, ενώ παράλληλα καθορίζεται ο ρόλος που έχουν οι φάσεις που συμμετέχουν στο βραχυκύκλωμα. Τέλος, γίνεται μια σύντομη σύγκριση για το πόσο επηρεάζει ο αριθμός σπειρών τη συμπεριφορά της σύγχρονης μηχανής στην περίπτωση σφάλματος στο στάτη κατά την περίπτωση κατά την οποία η μηχανή είναι συνδεδεμένη σε ισχυρό δίκτυο με σταθερό τον αριθμό στροφών του δρομέα. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, αναλύονται τα ρεύματα σε στάτη και δρομέα καθώς και η ηλεκτρομαγνητική ροπή, για τις περιπτώσεις που οι βραχυκυκλωμένες σπείρες ανήκουν στην ίδια και διαφορετική φάση αλλά με διαφορετικό αριθμό βραχυκυκλωμένων σπειρών για κάθε περίπτωση. Προκύπτει το συμπέρασμα ότι καθοριστικό ρόλο στη διαμόρφωση των ηλεκτρομαγνητικών μεγεθών κατά τη διάρκεια του σφάλματος έχει ο αριθμός των βραχυκυκλωμένων σπειρών, ανεξάρτητα από τον αριθμό των φάσεων που συμμετέχουν στο βραχυκύκλωμα. / This thesis deals with the functional behavior of a salient pole synchronous generator during two kinds of short-circuits. In particular, we studied the case of short circuit in the supply of the excitation winding of the synchronous machine when it is connected to an infinite bus and either the rotor speed was absolutely constant, or a simple PI- Controller maintained the synchronous speed equal to the synchronous. Additionally, the case of an internal fault in the stator winding for the two cases mentioned above was investigated. The electromagnetic torque and the magnetic flux density in each case were calculated and studied, as well as the stator and rotor currents, including the damper cage, and the short-circuit current in the faulty loop of the stator winding. Firstly, it is described in detail the way in which the salient pole synchronous generator was modeled and it is analyzed the method by which the faults are modeled in both stator and rotor and the way these faults were simulated, in the finite element program. Additionally, it is presented the way in how the areas of the model are defined, the equations that were solved through finite element software, in order to extract the results, the definition of the boundary conditions and finally it is described the finite element method, which was applied to this specific model. The case of a short circuit in the supply of the field winding while the stator of the synchronous machine is connected to the grid and the rotor speed is held constant and equal to the synchronous one, is examined. During this fault the magnetic flux, the electromagnetic torque and all the stator and rotor currents are measured in detail. Useful conclusions about the behavior of the machine throughout this kind of short-circuit were derived, all the electromagnetic magnitudes were recorded and an assessment of the generator behavior during this transient phenomenon is made. Similarly, the same type of fault is analyzed, but the speed of the rotor is maintained constant through a speed controller. It is observed that the behavior of the machine and all the electromagnetic magnitudes are quite different compared to the previous case. In this dissertation is examined the behavior of the hydrogenerator in the case of an inter-turn short circuit in the stator winding, while it is connected to the grid with a constant rotor speed. Specifically, it is examined the currents in the rotor and the stator winding for a short circuit between turns that belong to the same or to different phases. The short circuit current is calculated and it is presented the way that it affects quantitative and qualitative the stator phase currents. It is also analyzed the damper currents and it is studied their behavior during the short circuit. The speed controller alters the behavior of the synchronous generator and all the electromagnetic magnitudes of this machine are analytically calculated, resulting significant conclusions on how the faulty loop affects these quantities, while it is set out the role of the participating phases in this short-circuit. Finally, a brief comparison of the way that the number of the shorted turns affects the behavior of the simulated machine in the case of an inter-turn stator fault, while it is connected to the grid with a fixed number of the rotor revolutions. Specifically, it is analyzed the stator and rotor currents and the electromagnetic torque, for the cases that the short-circuited turns belong either to the same or to different phases, but with different number of shorted turns. It is concluded that a key role in determining the electromagnetic magnitudes during this fault has the number of the short-circuited turns and not the number of the phases that are involved in the short circuit.

By examining five types of astronomical and celestial phenomena—comets, constellations, the zodiac, planets, and the music of the spheres—this thesis posits not only that early modern dramatists were influenced by established and emerging natural philosophy as habits of thought that manifested in their writing, but also that astronomical phenomena operate within the drama, performance, and in the theatre as elements for creating and developing a distinctly spatial dramaturgy. Using theories from the spatial turn, this thesis maps the positions, edges, disturbances, and motions of celestial properties within the imaginary and physical space of early modern drama and theatre. It argues that the case study plays examined within this thesis demonstrate a period-wide engagement, rather than an authorial-, company-, theatre-, or even genre-specific practice. Dramatists developed techniques using astronomical phenomena as dramatic methods that occasionally underscored early modern astronomical thought. However, in many cases constructed plots, characters, visual and sound effects, and movements transgressed astronomical expectations. Dramatists broke down constellations, inserted new stars in the heavens, created zodiacal females, launched pyrotechnical comets, moved planets unexpectedly across the stage, and played (and refrained from playing) celestial "music" for the audience. Recognising composite and often contradictory astronomical constructions within the drama, this thesis moves the critical discussion away from an intellectual history of natural philosophy and gravitates toward an active astronomical dramaturgy.

This dissertation seeks to address the multiple ways face or one’s public self-image is attacked, supported and maintained in Athol Fugard’s The Road to Mecca, My Children! My Africa! and Valley Song, and through this discussion demonstrate how the notion of face can make a contribution to the study and understanding of Athol Fugard’s work. In the pursuit of their goals/objectives, interactants perform speech acts which may threaten the face of other participants. The choice of strategies available to participants in the performance of these face-threatening acts (FTAs) includes going on record, off record (indirectly) or avoiding the FTA altogether (saying nothing). Each text offers a fresh perspective from which face can be analysed: rebelliousness against conformism (The Road to Mecca); the perspective of the cross-racial, cross-cultural relationships (My Children! My Africa!); and the context of a closely-knit family relationship (Valley Song). / English Studies / M.A. (Theory of Literature)

This thesis is a moral and theological interpretation of the book of Jeremiah (primarily chapters twenty-one through twenty-nine). The prime focus is on the Hebrew term  and associated vocabulary and terminology which enable an understanding of how the book of Jeremiah sets up knowledge of Yahweh as a primary concern. Such a concern reinforces the rhetorical and ethical nature of the textual witness and elevates the significant and profound challenge that is put forth. For instance, Jeremiah 22:16 is a prime example within the book where an understanding of  of Yahweh should be given adequate attention, although it has not in Old Testament scholarship, to arrive at the kind of moral and theological interpretation that is voiced in this ancient Israelite prophet. Knowledge of Yahweh in the text of Jeremiah is to be distinguished from a purely cognitive knowing that removes from the equation, in any way, living a certain kind of life with Yahweh - a life which is measured only by the highest of moral and religious standards. Indeed, there is a direct relationship between a certain kind of action/way of living and a genuine knowledge of Yahweh. Key texts explored in this thesis then, are those which bring the challenge of a true knowledge of Yahweh to the Judean king, priest, prophet, and people. An overall coherent vision of what it means to know Yahweh, the God of Israel, in the text of Jeremiah, is the aim of this thesis. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D.Th. (Old Testament)

Cette étude a consisté au développement et à l’utilisation de fonctions chimiques clivables en milieux biologiques. Dans le domaine de la protéomique chimique, ce travail a abouti à la conception d’une sonde d’enrichissement clivable en conditions non-dénaturantes. Appliquée à l’étude de topoisomérases, cette sonde a permis l’extraction et l’analyse de complexes fonctionnels A2B2 de gyrase. Dans un second temps, un nouveau concept de quencheur chimiquement désactivable a étéintroduit. Incorporé dans une sonde pro-fluorescente de type FRET, ce type de quencheur permet notamment de visualiser la présence de sondes non-activées dans des cellules. Enfin, une méthode a été développée pour permettre l’évaluation de la labilité d’une liaison chimique en milieux biologiques natifs. Basée sur l’utilisation de sondes pro-fluorescentes, cette méthodologie a plus particulièrement été appliquée à l’étude de la bio-labilité de groupements acido-labiles. / The general main topic of this work was the use and the development of cleavable linkers in biological systems. This study led to the design of a cleavable enrichment probe in non-denaturing conditions for chemical proteomic applications. In a topoisomerase analysis, this probe allowed the extraction and analysis of a functional DNA gyrase A2B2 complex. For fluorescence imaging, a new concept of chemically deactivatable quencher was introduced. This quencher was used to revealinactivated FRET-based probe in cell experiments. Finally, a methodology based on biolability measurements of acid-sensitive molecules was developed for the evaluation of chemical bond lability in native biological environments. This work was focused on biolability measurements of acidsensitive molecules.

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