Background: The aim of the present article is to explore interaction and correlation effects between familial depression liability and selected adverse (separation and traumatic) events in predicting the first onset of a major depressive episode (MDE) in a 10-year prospective longitudinal community survey. Methods: Analyses are based on 1982 subjects (14 to 24 years at baseline) without baseline MDE who participated during the whole study period and for whom diagnostic information about psychopathology in both parents was available. The offspring’s familial depression liability was determined by aggregating information on parental depressive symptoms obtained from family history data and direct interviews with parents. Data were assessed with the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview according to its DSM-IV algorithms. Results: Adverse events predicted a substantially increased incidence of MDE among respondents with familial liability but not in those without familial liability. There was a significant interaction between familial liability and traumatic events with the strongest effect for the number of severe traumatic events (risk difference = 11.3%; 95% confidence interval = 3.55–19.15). Associations with familial liability were most pronounced for separation events. Conclusions: Adverse events are particularly pathogenic in individuals with familial liability. The involvement of interactions and correlations between familial liability and adversity might depend on type, severity, and number of events. Both processes are suggested to be concomitant rather than exclusive.

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Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die wissenschaftliche Sicherstellung der nachhaltigen Nutzung der Bodenschätze unter Berücksichtigung der Interessen des Umweltschutzes und der Interessen der Bevölkerung in den goldgewinnenden Regionen der Mongolei. Hierzu ist zum einen die Sensibilisierung des öffentlichen Bewusstseins für die Ökologie erforderlich als auch die Aktivierung der Marktmechanismen zur Anpassung der sozio-ökologischen Situation.

Die Arbeit untersucht die Faktoren, welche das Engagement ostdeutscher Jugendlicher in einem Umweltverband fördern bzw. behindern. Im ersten Teil werden Ergebnisse aus der Umweltpsychologie und Umweltsoziologie, der Forschung zur Umweltbewegung in Ostdeutschland, der Jugendforschung, der Partizipationsforschung, der Sozialisationsforschung sowie der Forschung zu sozialen Bewegungen und zu bürgerschaftlichem Engagement ausgewertet. Anschließend werden die Ergebnisse einer Fallstudie über Gruppen der "Jugend im Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland" (BUNDjugend) in ostdeutschen Bundesländern präsentiert. Auf der Basis von Daten aus Gruppendiskussionen, Einzelinterviews und teilnehmender Beobachtung wurden mit Hilfe der Grounded Theory - Methodik theoretische Annahmen entwickelt. Die zentrale These lautet: In den Jugendgruppen findet unter günstigen Bedingungen ein Sozialisationsprozess statt, der zu einer Identifikation mit dem Umweltengagement führt. Zwölf wichtige Einflussfaktoren auf diesen Prozess werden herausgearbeitet und im Einzelnen beschrieben. / The Ph.D. thesis investigates the factors influencing participation in an environmental organization by East-German youth. First, results of research on youth, social movements, political participation and environmental consciousness are summarized. Then, results of a study about the East German branch of the German environmental youth organization "BUNDjugend" are presented. The study collects qualitative data via group discussions, interviews and participant observation. The data are analyzed according to the "Grounded Theory" method in order to develop theoretical assumptions. The core thesis is: In environmental youth groups, young people experience a socialization process which leads to identification with this type of activism. The form of this process depends on several facilitating or hindering factors, of which twelve are described in detail.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Universität Zürich, 1999. Titre de soutenance : Bilderbücher und ihre Wirklichkeiten vom Struwelpeter bis zur Menschenfresserin. / Bibliogr. p. 239-250. Notes bibliogr.

This essay explores Swarm Consciousness in relation to the novels Ender’s Game by Orson Scott Card, Remembering Babylon by David Malouf, and the manga Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind by Hayao Miyazaki. Through these novels, Swarm Consciousness can be reimagined in order to challenge the ways insects have previously been considered in literature. Swarm Consciousness is originally a concept from biology that explains the self-organizing systems of social insects such as for example bees or ants. Previously it was believed that these insect societies consisted of a great majority of mindless drones that were governed by a central authority, most commonly envisioned as a queen. However, if we base our vision of Swarm Consciousness on the more recent understanding of insect self-organization it is possible to challenge this rigidly divided traditional perspective into one that instead has the potential to give rise to visions of new and more creative interactions between humans and insects. These interactions are not limited to an in-group, out-group mentality, but Swarm Consciousness can be used to imagine interactions between groups, irrespective of their species identity. Due to this shift towards a more decentralized perspective, it is possible to create a new way of imagining the umwelt, as Jakob von Uexküll would define it, the unique environment, of vastly different creatures. The limits of the umwelt can be breached with the aid of Swarm Consciousness and create new possible forms of interspecies imagination. However, these intimate interactions surpass the individuals involved and create opportunities for glimpsing a wider planetary perspective which gives rise to an increased sense of planetary responsibility. Thus, Swarm Consciousness challenges both how we can think, but also who we can think with and, as a consequence, opens up new ways of perceiving unique and individual worlds, as well as the entire planet.