In 2015 Sweden experienced a large increase in the number of asylum-seekers arriving in the country. Among them were 35,000 unaccompanied minors. As a response, a rollback of migrant rights was introduced beginning in November that year. This study examines the experiences of people who volunteered as guardians/foster homes for unaccompanied minors and subsequently followed them through the asylum systems during this period. The research is based on 12 in-depth interviews with guardians/foster parents. Three major themes are identified within the interview data: Unreliable systems/injustice, Going above and beyond and (Unexpected) solidarity. The findings suggest that Sweden’s adoption of much harsher migration policies made the work of guardians/foster homes increasingly difficult to carry out to a level that provided the necessary support for these children. The guardians/foster parents also found the asylum systems to be untrustworthy and unjust to a point where the unaccompanied minors’ rights were not upheld. Affectionate relationships with the unaccompanied minors and acts of solidarity by persons working within the systems and in civil society were counter-weights providing guardians/foster parents with energy and hope.

Syftet med denna studie var att se på de anvisade boendenas betydelse för integrationen av de ensamkommande barnen som kom till Sverige under 2015. Detta gjordes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex av de idag (2024) vuxna som kom som ensamkommande barn 2015. Diaz integrationsmodell tillämpades för att analysera resultaten som framkom i studien. Resultaten visade att boendepersonalen, språket och känslan av trygghet utgjorde de viktigaste delarna av boendets betydelse för integrationen. Resultaten visade även hinder och möjligheter för integration. Hindren var bland annat brister på svenska relationer och att aktiviteter enbart utfördes med andra utlandsfödda. Möjligheterna var bland annat att de fick stöd för att lära sig om samhället och kulturen. Studiens resultat stämmer med tidigare forskning som visade att det var viktigt med stödjande funktioner och att ensamkommande barn upplevde att de var isolerade från resten av samhället. / The purpose of this study was to look at the designated housing´s importance for the integration of the unaccompanied minors who came to Sweden in 2015. This was done through semi-structured interviews with six of the current (2024) adults who arrived as unaccompanied minors in 2015. The Diaz integration model was applied to analyze the results. The results showed that the housing staff, language and the feeling of safety were the most important elements of the housing´s importance. The results also showed barriers and opportunities for integration. The obstacles included a lack of Swedish relationships and the fact that activities were only carried out with other foreign-born people. The opportunities included support in learning about the society and the culture. The results of the study are consistent with previous research that supportive functions are important and that unaccompanied children felt that they were isolated from the rest of society.

The theme of the work is to compare social and legal situation of unaccompanied minors (UAMs) from third countries, who find themselves in the territory of the Czech Republic and Austria, and these countries have subsequently provided them care and protection. Work aims to describe the history of the system of care, possible types of residence of these children, conditions of their security and identifying of their age in the two above-mentioned countries. Emphasis is also on the system of care, involving social and legal protection, housing, custody area, education, health care, as well as the search for durable solutions in the area of residence, the family reunification and reintegration. Then, I will try by using analysis to compare what these various aspects of their social and legal situation differ in, what they are identical in or which country better respects the so-called "appropriate procedures of Separated Children in Europe Programme ". I would also like to point out some deficiencies in the system or vice versa examples of good practice in both countries.

This study explores the challenges that unaccompanied minors face in accessing healthcare, especially mental health services, in Sweden. It uses a qualitative approach with five partici-pants aged 18–25, who were previously unaccompanied minors. Through interviews, the study identifies themes and patterns related to the theoretical framework, incorporating the KASAM theory and transcultural psychiatry, which emphasize self-reflection and cultural factors. The results reveal difficulties such as fear of impacting the asylum process, language barriers, anda lack of knowledge within the healthcare system. The study aims to contribute to understanding and improvements within the healthcare system. Limitations include a focus on Swedish conditions and the age group of 18–25. Suggestions for future research involve exploring wait times for psychiatric care and effectively communicating knowledge about mental health to these children to identify areas for improvement in healthcare. Overall, the study underscores the need to overcome barriers, customize healthcare to individual needs, and enhance understanding of this vulnerable group.

Under år 2015 sökte 162 877 personer asyl i Sverige. Större delen av de asylsökande kom från det krigshärjade Syrien, det var 51 338 asylsökande (Migrationsverket, 2016). Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka socialsekreterares upplevelse av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön, samt upplevd kompetens i arbetet, på en kommunal enhet för ensamkommande barn till följd av ökad arbetsbelastning som en konsekvens av flyktingkrisen. Syftet besvarades genom följande frågeställningar: Hur upplever socialsekreterare sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö? Hur upplevs kompetensen i det dagliga arbetet hos berörda socialsekreterare? Metoden för studien var kvalitativ. Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes med socialsekreterare på en kommunal enhet för ensamkommande barn. Resultatet visade att socialsekreterarna upplever att deras psykosociala arbetsmiljö är stressfylld till följd av hög arbetsbelastning som uppkommit till följd av flyktingkrisen. Resultatet visade också att socialsekreterarnas upplevda kompetens i arbete var varierande, det som var gemensamt var att samtliga upplevde att de utökar sin kompetens i arbetet och mötet med de ensamkommande barnen. / In 2015, 162,877 people sought asylum in Sweden. Most of the asylum seekers came from wartorn Syria, there were 51,338 asylum seekers (Immigration Service, 2016). The main purpose of the paper was to examine the social workers experience of the psychosocial work environment, and perceived competence at work, at a municipal unit for unaccompanied minors as a result of the increased workload as a result of the refugee crisis. The purpose was answered by the following questions: How do social workers their psychosocial work? How perceived competence in the daily work of the social workers? The method of the study was qualitative. Five semi-structured interviews were conducted with social workers at a municipal unit for unaccompanied minors. The results showed that social workers feel that their psychosocial work is stressful due to the heavy workload arising in consequence of the refugee crisis. The results also showed that social workers perceived competence at work was varied, all experienced that they expand their skills at work through meeting with the unaccompanied minors.

Under de senaste åren har ett ökande antal ensamkommande barn kommit till Sverige för att söka asyl. Majoriteten av barnen blir placerade på hem för vård eller boende (HVB). Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att få en djupare förståelse för hur arbetet på tre HVB-hem i en medelstor kommun kan se ut och vara organiserat. Data har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex anställda vid HVB-hem; tre sektionschefer och tre personal. Organisationskultur har använts som huvudsakligt analysinstrument med organisationsstruktur som komplement. Resultatet visar att fyra organisatoriska faktorer som är viktiga för personal i arbetet med ensamkommande barn är enhet, meningsfullhet, struktur och flexibilitet samt kompetens. Dessa faktorer kan ses som viktiga i arbetet med att utveckla verksamheterna. En välorganiserad verksamhet kan bättre leda till den stabilitet som de ensamkommande barnen behöver. / During the past years, an increasing amount of unaccompanied children have come to Sweden to apply for asylum. The majority are placed in residential care units. This qualitative study aims to get a deeper understanding of how the work in three residential care units in a medium-large municipality can look and be organized. Data has been collected through interviews with six employees at residential care units; three executives and three staff members. Organizational culture has been used as the main analysis instrument with organizational structure as complement. The findings show that four organizational factors that are important for staff when working with unaccompanied children are unity, meaningfulness, structure and flexibility, and competence. These factors can be viewed as important in developing the establishments. A well-organized establishment is superior in the way that it can lead to the stability that the unaccompanied children need.

De senaste åren har antalet människor som tvingats på flykt från sina hemländer ökat markant med cirka 17 miljoner jämfört med 2011. Ett antal av dessa flyktingar är barn under 18 år som skiljts från sina föräldrar och som sökt sig till Sverige i hopp om att få en tryggare tillvaro samt ett bättre liv. Sveriges kommuner har ansvaret för det praktiska mottagandet och socialnämnden har det yttersta ansvaret för de ungas hälsa, vilket innebär att personal runt de ensamkommande unga måste kunna identifiera om de unga far illa. Tidigare forskning har uppmärksammat att ensamkommande unga utestängs och utsätts för rasistiska fördomar samt bristande tolerans för deras kultur och språk. Tidigare forskningsstudier har dock gett en delad bild av hur ensamkommande unga reagerar när de möts med diskriminering och vardagsrasism och därför har denna studies syfte varit att undersöka de ensamkommande ungas upplevelser och reaktioner i sådana situationer. Studien har haft en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi och induktivt angreppssätt. Åtta ensamkommande unga, mellan 17 till 18 år, deltog i studien och som datainsamlingsmetod användes semistrukturerade intervjuer. De två övergripande teman som genererades var de ungas tankar om det svenska samhället och de ungas tankar om hur omgivningen bemöter dem. Vid analysen användes hermeneutisk meningstolkning och teorier om rasifiering och vardagsrasism. Slutsatserna från studien var att ensamkommande unga bemöts med uteslutslutning och samhälleliga negativa föreställningar om deras kultur och identitet samt att de i viss mån utsätts för olika former av rasistiskt motstånd. Studien visar även att de ensamkommande unga har reagerat med känslor av frustration, besvikelse, maktlöshet, utanförskap och rädslor i kontakt med svenskar. / The number of people forced to be refugees have increased tremendously in the last few years. Some of these refugees are minors under the age of 18 who are separated from their parents and families and come to Sweden in the hope of getting safer and better life. Sweden has municipalities and social welfare boards which are responsible for the reception of the minors and the minors’ health respectively. For these units to give proper help to the unaccompanied minors, they must be able to identify if the minors are exposed to bad situations. Previous researches have shown that unaccompanied children are exposed to discrimination and racial stereotyping in addition to less tolerance to their culture and language. These researches, however, have different picture of how the unaccompanied minors react when they face discrimination and daily-racism. Therefore, this research studied unaccompanied children with the purpose of finding out their experience and reaction related to discrimination. The study has followed a qualitative research strategy with inductive approach. Eight unaccompanied minors between 17–18 years old participated in the study and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The two overall themes generated were the minors thought about the Swedish society and their though about how this society meets them. The collected data was analyzed using hermeneutic interpretation and theories of racialization and daily-racism. The study reached to the conclusion that the unaccompanied children faced exclusions, societal misconception about their culture and identity and to some extent exposure to different forms of racial resistance. The study also showed that the unaccompanied minors have reacted with feelings of frustration, disappointment, powerlessness, alienation and fear towards the Swedish society.

of the thesis This thesis deals with the institute of administrative detention according to the Czech legal system. The term administrative detention is used to designate deprivations of liberty under administrative law for the reasons that are directly linked to the immigration policies of the state. In the context of migration law the detention may be basically used for two purposes. First purpose is to ensure the realization of administrative deportation of the foreigner. Second purpose is to prevent the foreigner from an unauthorized entry into the country. Both irregular migrants and asylum seekers fall under the scope of this work. Although different norms are applicable to each of these categories, both of them are subject to detention on the same ground - the lack of state authorization for their presence on national territory. The purpose of this paper is to detail the legal framework with which deprivation of liberty of migrants must comply in particular for what concerns the fundamental principle of international law that no one should be subjected to arbitrary detention. International human rights norms, principles and standards define the content of that principle. Such norms, principles and standards apply both to criminal and administrative proceedings including migrants and asylum...

<p>The main aim of this study was to explore lived experiences of unaccompanied foreign minors in South Africa from a social work perspective. An important goal was to also explore the lack of guidelines on how to assist these young people. This study was conducted in a Children&rsquo / s Shelter, which is situated in the North-Eastern outskirts of Polokwane, where a group of unaccompanied refugee children from Zimbabwe were living. This study was qualitative and explorative in nature. Non-probability sampling was used to select participants for the study. Ten children were selected, ranging from age 14 to 18 years. Semi-structured interviews with the children and a focus group discussion with five care workers were held. Thematic analysis was used. The findings of this study revealed that services by government social workers are limited compared to those from social workers employed with nongovernmental organisations. It is hoped that this study will assist government and other role players in planning, advocacy and policy development related to the issues affecting unaccompanied refugee children.</p>

The primary aim of the study was to develop knowledge about how unaccompanied asylum-seeking children manage their life circumstances and challenges after being granted a residence permit and maturing into adulthood in Sweden. A second aim was to develop knowledge about the life circumstances of these children in their respective countries of origin, the motives behind their flight to Sweden, the means by which they came to Sweden.  The thesis is a ten-year follow-up study. The first set of data is clinical in nature: 100 unaccompanied children were interviewed shortly after their arrival. Ten years later a register study was made of these now young adults. The research group was now reduced to the 68 young adults who remained in Sweden after receiving their permanent resident permits. Twenty of them were chosen for a qualitative interview by means of strategic sampling. The unaccompanied asylum-seeking children who, ten years after becoming permanent residents, remained in Sweden have become established in a favourable life situation as young adults. The process of becoming established in Sweden from the stressing conditions in the country of origin is marked by both risks and possibilities that occur in periodical sequences in the life course of the unaccompanied asylum-seeking children.  The children/youths may have come alone, but they did not remain alone. A majority were taken in hand by relatives in Sweden who were links to the family’s transnational network. The other children who had no family with which to reunite sought to establish transnational links on their own. A transnational perspective can shed light on how these young adults have created cross-national networks and this appears to have been of decisive importance for their socialisation and favourable establishment in Sweden.