Orientadores: Alberto Vazquez Saa, Orlando Luis Goulart Peres / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T13:09:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_ClaitonPimentelde_D.pdf: 6246469 bytes, checksum: 74e9bd5e915848a1681572fd38bcf297 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Matéria, ao se acumular ao redor de um objeto compacto (e.g., um buraco negro), se configura naturalmente na forma de um disco grosso (toro) em rotação. A matéria do disco pode ser considerada como um fluido, e suas estruturas de equilíbrio hidrodinâmico podem ser obtidas a partir das equações básicas da hidrodinâmica. Nesse trabalho apresento uma extensa revisão da teoria básica de discos grossos de acreção, no âmbito das teorias clássica e relativística, incluindo uma análise da chamada órbita circular marginalmente estável. Formulo o problema incluindo a autointeração gravitacional do toro, caso em que o problema das estruturas de equilíbrio se torna um problema de fronteira livre, o que dificulta a obtenção das soluções. Reviso os métodos e técnicas numéricas já utilizadas ao se atacar esse problema e desenvolvo um código numérico próprio, chamado BLATOS, que gera soluções autogravitantes de toros ao redor de buracos negros. Desenvolvo ainda uma metodologia para se aplicar o método nodal dos elementos espectrais a domínios não limitados. O desenvolvimento desse novo tipo de elemento, os chamados elementos infinitos, gera uma extensão natural a elementos não limitados com bordas curvas assintóticas. Aplico as soluções numéricas obtidas no estudo da instabilidade runaway, mostrando como a identificação da situação de instabilidade pode ser feita a partir dessas soluções. A partir do código numérico é possível alterar o perfil de rotação e a razão das massas toro/buraco negro, de forma a se realizar um estudo do espaço de soluções / Abstract: Matter, accumulating around a compact object (e.g., a black hole), appears naturally in the form of a thick disk (torus) in rotation. The material of the disk can be considered as a fluid, and its hydrodynamic equilibrium structures can be obtained from the basic equations of hydrodynamics. In this work I present an extensive review of the basic theory of thick accretion disks, in the framework of the classical and relativistic theories, including an analysis of the so called marginally stable circular orbit. I formulate the problem including the torus self gravitational interaction, in which case the equilibrium structures problem becomes a free boundary problem, making it difficult getting the solutions. I revise the methods and numerical techniques used to attack this problem and I develop a numeric code, named BLATOS, that generates autogravitating tori solutions around black holes. Further, I develop a methodology for applying the nodal spectral element method to unbounded domains. The development of this new type of element, the so called infinite element, generates a natural extension to unbounded elements with asymptotic curved edges. I apply the resulting numerical solutions in the study of runaway instability, showing how the identification of the instability can be done from these solutions. The rotation law and the torus/black hole mass ratio can be changed from the numerical code in order to conduct a study of the solution space / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

The irrational rotation algebra A_θ is known to be Poincaré self-dual in the KK-theoretic sense. The spectral triple representing the required K-homology fundamental class was constructed by Connes out of the Dolbeault operator on the 2-torus, but so far, there has not been an explicit description of the dual element. We geometrically construct, for certain elements g of the modular group, a finitely generated projective module L_g over A_θ ⊗ A_θ out of a pair of transverse Kronecker flows on the 2-torus. For upper triangular g, we find an unbounded cycle representing the dual of said module under Kasparov product with Connes' class, and prove that this cycle is invertible in KK(A_θ,A_θ), allowing us to 'untwist' L_g to an unbounded cycle representing the unit for the self-duality of A_θ. / Graduate

The thesis contains 3 repairable systems and 2 replacement systems: First a repairable system is considered with Markovian deterioration and imperfect repair, carried out at fixed times. We look for optimal strategies under certain conditions. Two optimality criteria are considered: expected discounted cost and long-run average cost. Conditions are found under which the optimal policy is a control-limit policy as used by Derman or Ross. We explicitly explain how to derive this optimal policy; numerical examples are given, too. The special case of unbounded cost is also studied. With the first model the state space is numerable but with the second it is not. With the fourth model the system occurs a shock process and is only inspected after such a shock. Models 3 and 5 are replacement systems with Morkovian deterioration and finite state space {0,...,N}. A system in state N is considered to be in a very serious situation. Hence there is the condition, e.g. stipulated by law, that the percentage of all replaced machines in state N in the group of all replaced machines may not be larger than 100 epsilon for a fixed epsilon in [0,1]. We prove that a generalized control limit policy maximizes the expected running time of a machine and we explain explicitly how to derive this optimal policy. Illustrated numerical examples are given.

La méthode des éléments finis inversés est une méthode sans troncature qui a été introduite pour résoudre des équations aux dérivées partielles en domaines non bornés. L’objective de cette thèse est d’analyser, d’adapter puis d’implémenter cette méthode pour résoudre quelques problèmes issus de la physique, notamment lorsque le domaine géométrique est l’espace R3 tout entier. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons de manière détaillée les aspects et les principes fondamentaux de la méthode. Ensuite, nous adapterons la méthode à des problèmes de type div-rot et de potentiels vecteurs posés dans R3. Après avoir analysé la convergence de la méthode, on montrera quelques résultats numériques obtenus avec un code tridimensionnel. On s’intéresse ensuite au problème de calcul de l’énergie magnétostatique dans des problèmes de micromagnétisme, où on développe avec succès une approche numérique utilisant les éléments finis inversés. Dans la dernière partie, on adapte la méthode à un problème provenant de la chimie quantique (modèle de continuum polarisable) pour lequel on prouve qu’elle donne des résultats numériques très prometteurs. La thèse comporte beaucoup de résultats numériques issus de codes tridimensionnels écrits ou co-écrits, notamment lorsque le domaine est l’espace tout entier. Elle comporte aussi des résultats théoriques liés à l’utilisation des espaces de Sobolev à poids comme cadre fonctionnel. On apporte en particulier une preuve constructive de quelques inégalités de type div-rot dans des domaines non bornés. / Inverted finite element method (IFEM) is a non runcature method which was introduced for solving partial differential equations in unbounded domains. The objective of this thesis is to analyze, to adapt and to implement IFEM for solving several problems arising in physics, especially when the domain is the whole space R3. We first give a presentation in which we detail the principles and the main features of the method. Then, we adapt IFEM for solving some div-curl systems and vector potential problems in the whole space. In a second part, we successfully develop an IFEM based approach for computing the stray-field energy in micromagnetism. In the last part, we are interested in the study of the polarizable continuum model arising in quantum chemistry. The manuscript contains a large number of numerical results obtained with some 3D codes, especially when the domain is the whole space R3. It also contains some theoretical results in relation with weighted Sobolev spaces. We give in particular a constructive proof of some div-curl inequalities in unbounded domains.

L'un des problèmes fondamentaux de test pour les systèmes à événements discrets (SEDs) est l'identification d'un état final, c'est-à-dire, étant donné un système dont l'état courant est inconnu, trouver une séquence d'événements d'entrée pouvant le conduire à un état connu. Les séquences de synchronisation (SS), sans information de sortie, sont une solution classique à ce problème. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions la détermination des SS pour des systèmes modélisés par des réseaux de Petri synchronisés (SynPN) non bornés, une classe de réseaux de Petri avec des entrées. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous développons deux méthodes: 1) construction d'une représentation finie, appelée improved modified coverability graph (IMCG), pour d'écrire exactement l'espace d'états infini d'un 1-place-unbounded SynPN; 2) conversion d'un 1-place-unbounded SynPN en un automate pondéré (WA) fini et sauf équivalent. Les deux graphes sont ainsi potentiellement des outils puissants pour déterminer les SS pour une telle sous-classe de réseaux de Petri. Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, nous développons des algorithmes de calcul pour deux problèmes de synchronisation de localisation dans le cas où l'IMCG ou le WA sont déterministes : synchronisation sur un seul nœud et synchronisation sur un sous-ensemble de nœuds de ces deux graphes. L'avantage de ces algorithmes de calcul est de réduire le calcul sur les graphes globaux (IMCG ou WA) à celui du plus petit sous-graphe: la composante fortement connectée ergodique peut réduire l'effort de calcul mais peut également être appliquée lorsque le IMCG ou le WA équivalent déterministes ne sont pas fortement connexes / One of the fundamental testing problems for discrete event systems (DESs) is the identification of a final state, i.e., given a system whose current state is unknown, find an input sequence that can drive it to a known state. Synchronizing sequences (SSs), without output information, are one conventional solution to this problem. In this thesis, we address the computation of SSs for systems modeled by unbounded synchronized Petri nets (SynPNs), a class of Petri nets with inputs. In the first part of this thesis, we utilize two methods: 1) construct a finite representation, called improved modified coverability graph (IMCG), to exactly describe the infinite state space of a 1-place-unbounded SynPN; 2) convert a 1-place-unbounded SynPN into an equivalent finite location weighted automaton (WA) with safety conditions. Both graphs are thus, potentially, useful tools to compute SSs for such subclass of nets. In the second part of this thesis, we develop computation algorithms for two location synchronization problems in the case either the IMCG or the WA is deterministic: synchronization into a single node and synchronization into a subset of nodes of these two graphs. The advantage of these computation algorithms consists in reducing the computation on the global graphs (IMCGs or WAs) to the one on the smaller subgraph: the ergodic strongly connected component (SCC), which can reduce the computational effort and furthermore can also be applied when the converted deterministic IMCG or WA is not strongly connected

Let E and F be Hilbert C*-modules over a C*-algebra A. New classes of (possibly unbounded) operators t: E->F are introduced and investigated - first of all graph regular operators. Instead of the density of the domain D(t) we only assume that t is essentially defined, that is, D(t) has an trivial ortogonal complement. Then t has a well-defined adjoint. We call an essentially defined operator t graph regular if its graph G(t) is orthogonally complemented and orthogonally closed if G(t) coincides with its biorthogonal complement. A theory of these operators and related concepts is developed: polar decomposition, functional calculus. Various characterizations of graph regular operators are given: (a, a_*, b)-transform and bounded transform. A number of examples of graph regular operators are presented (on commutative C*-algebras, a fraction algebra related to the Weyl algebra, Toeplitz algebra, C*-algebra of the Heisenberg group). A new characterization of operators affiliated to a C*-algebra in terms of resolvents is given as well as a Kato-Rellich theorem for affiliated operators. The association relation is introduced and studied as a counter part of graph regularity for concrete C*-algebras.:Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Sightings 1. Unitary *-module spaces Algebraic essence of adjointability on Hilbert C*-modules . . . . . 13 a) Operators on Hilbert C*-modules - Notions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 b) Essential submodules and adjointability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 c) From Hilbert C*-modules to unitary *-module spaces . . . . . . 16 2. Operators on unitary *-module spaces Basic theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3. Graph regularity Pragmatism between weak and (strong) regularity . . . . . . . . . 27 a) Types of regularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 b) The case C(X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 c) Graph regularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Transition. Orthogonal complementability and topology Back to Hilbert C*-modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Graph regular operators on Hilbert C*-modules 4. Commutative case: Operators on C_0(X) Phenomena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Interjection. Unboundedness and graph regularity . . . . . . . . . . 55 5. Relation to adjointable operators Sources of graph regularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 6. Concrete C*-algebras Association relation and affiliation relation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 7. Examples Graph regular operators that are not regular . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 a) Position and momentum operators as graph regular operators on a fraction algebra related to the Weyl algebra . . 67 b) A graph regular but not regular operator on the group C*-algebra of the Heisenberg group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 c) Unbounded Toeplitz operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 8. Bounded transform The canonical regular operator associated to a graph regular operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 9. Absolute value and polar decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 10. Functional calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 11. Special matrices of C*-algebras Counter examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Abstract and open questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Dank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Erklärung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

We study the question of periodic homogenization of a variably scaled reaction-diffusion equation with non-linear drift of polynomial type. The non-linear drift was derived as hydrodynamic limit of a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) for a population of interacting particles crossing a domain with obstacle. We consider three different geometries: (i) Bounded domain crossed by a finitely thin flat composite layer; (ii) Bounded domain crossed by an infinitely thin flat composite layer; (iii) Unbounded composite domain.\end{itemize} For the thin layer cases, we consider our reaction-diffusion problem endowed with slow or moderate drift. Using energy-type estimates as well as concepts like thin-layer convergence and two-scale convergence, we derive homogenized evolution equations and the corresponding effective model parameters. Special attention is paid to the derivation of the effective transmission conditions across the separating limit interfaces. As a special scaling, the problem with large drift is treated separately for an unbounded composite domain. Because of the imposed large drift, this nonlinearity is expected to explode in the limit of a vanishing scaling parameter. To deal with this special case, we employ two-scale formal homogenization asymptotics with drift to derive the corresponding upscaled model equations as well as the structure of the effective transport tensors. Finally, we use Schauder's fixed point Theorem as well as monotonicity arguments to study the weak solvability of the upscaled model posed in the unbounded domain. This study wants to contribute with theoretical understanding needed when designing thin composite materials which are resistant to slow, moderate, and high velocity impacts. / We study the question of periodic homogenization of a variably scaled reaction-diffusion equation with non-linear drift of polynomial type. The non-linear drift was derived as hydrodynamic limit of a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) for a population of interacting particles crossing a domain with obstacle. We consider three different geometries: (i) Bounded domain crossed by a finitely thin composite layer; (ii) Bounded domain crossed by an infinitely thin composite  layer; (iii) Unbounded composite domain. For the thin layer cases, we consider our reaction-diffusion problem endowed with slow or moderate drift. Using energy-type  estimates, concepts like thin-layer convergence and two-scale convergence, we derive  homogenized  equations. Special attention is paid to the derivation of the effective transmission conditions across the separating limit interfaces. The problem with large drift is treated separately for an unbounded composite domain. Because of the imposed large drift, this nonlinearity is expected to explode in the limit of a vanishing scaling parameter.  This study wants to contribute with theoretical understanding needed when designing thin composite materials which are resistant to slow, moderate, and high velocity impacts.

No description available.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude des équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques de type parabolique. Dans la première partie nous démontrons de nouveaux résultats concernant l’existence et l’unicité de solutions variationnelles globales et locales à des problèmes avec des conditions aux bords de type Neumann pour une classe d’équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques non-autonomes. Les équations que nous considérons sont définies sur des domaines non bornés de l’espace euclidien qui satisfont à certaines conditions géométriques, et sont dirigées par un bruit multiplicatif dérivé d’un processus de Wiener fractionnaire infini-dimensionnel caractérisé par une suite de paramètres de Hurst H = (Hi) i ∈ N+ ⊂ (1/2,1). Ces paramètres sont en fait soumis à d’autres contraintes intimement liées à la nature de la non-linéarité dans le terme stochastique des équations, et au choix des espaces fonctionnels dans lesquels le problème à résoudre est bien posé. Notre méthode de preuve repose essentiellement sur des arguments d’injections compactes. Dans la seconde partie, nous étudions la possibilité de l’explosion de solutions d’une classe d’équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques semi-linéaire avec des conditions aux bords de type Dirichlet, perturbées par un mélange d’un mouvement brownien et d’un mouvement brownien fractionnaire et dirigées par une classe d’opérateurs différentiels non autonomes contenant des processus de diffusions et des processus de Lévy. Notre but est de comprendre l’influence de la partie stochastique et de l’opérateur différentiel sur le comportement d’explosion des solutions. En particulier, nous donnons des expressions explicites pour des bornes inférieures et supérieures du temps de l’explosion de la solution, et des conditions suffisantes pour l’existence d’une solution globale positive. Nous estimons également la probabilité d’une explosion en temps fini et la loi d’une borne supérieur du temps d’explosion de la solution / This thesis is concerned with stochastic partial differential equations of parabolic type. In the first part we prove new results regarding the existence and the uniqueness of global and local variational solutions to a Neumann initial-boundary value problem for a class of non-autonomous stochastic parabolic partial differential equations. The equations we consider are defined on unbounded open domains in Euclidean space satisfying certain geometric conditions, and are driven by a multiplicative noise derived from an infinite-dimensional fractional Wiener process characterized by a sequence of Hurst parameters H = (Hi) i ∈ N+ ⊂ (1/2,1). These parameters are in fact subject to further constraints that are intimately tied up with the nature of the nonlinearity in the stochastic term of the equations, and with the choice of the functional spaces in which the problem at hand is well-posed. Our method of proof rests on compactness arguments in an essential way. The second part is devoted to the study of the blowup behavior of solutions to semilinear stochastic partial differential equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions driven by a class of differential operators including (not necessarily symmetric) Lévy processes and diffusion processes, and perturbed by a mixture of Brownian and fractional Brownian motions. Our aim is to understand the influence of the stochastic part and that of the differential operator on the blowup behavior of the solutions. In particular we derive explicit expressions for an upper and a lower bound of the blowup time of the solution and provide a sufficient condition for the existence of global positive solutions. Furthermore, we give estimates of the probability of finite time blowup and for the tail probabilities of an upper bound for the blowup time of the solutions

This dissertation attempts to investigate the intertextual modus operandi in the oeuvre of H.J. Pieterse, with specific focus on his volumes, Alruin (1989) and Die burg van hertog Bloubaard (2000). The overarching purpose of the investigation is to prove that the author not only uses intertextuality in the sense that one text (literary text) refers to another text (literary and non–literary), or that one text influences another. Pieterse engages in conversation with other texts and re–writes these texts by repositioning them in another context and by adding additional metaphoric meaning to them. The author allows these texts to exchange conversation, to mutually influence one another, and this has as a result that, in his poems, his poetry and his oeuvre, metaphoric lines come into being, which lend a layered meaning to these texts and enrich the possibilities of their interpretation. Thus, a play on multiple meaning develops, which moves between texts: written texts, literary texts, non–literary texts, the author, the reader and the context(s). The conclusion to which this dissertation comes, is that the above mentioned manifestations of meanings, which exist and come into existence within the physically confines of the text, expand this text to a less confined existence in terms of meaning, more unlimited and unbound than what is necessarily allowed by the physically confined nature of the written text. The question thus arises of how the physically limited text take possession of and draws into the texts what lies beyond its physical confines to produce meaning, and how this tension around the limits of the literary text is functionally used. Consequentially, the question that follows is how this happens in the oeuvre of H.J. Pieterse and how the author uses his poetic technique to go beyond the confines of the written text. / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.