Depuis les années 1970, les espaces publics des métropoles contemporaines sont devenus d’importants enjeux pour les pouvoirs publics municipaux soucieux de leur attractivité comme pour certains habitants attachés à leur cadre de vie. Les discours qui accompagnent cette valorisation insistent sur la qualité urbaine, mais la production d’espaces sûrs et conviviaux induit également des processus d’exclusion ou d’altérisation. La multiplicité des figures de la menace est alimentée par la diffusion de discours sécuritaires qui érigent certains groupes en symboles de la dégradation des espaces. Ce réinvestissement de l’espace public à la fois sur le plan sémantique et matériel se traduit donc par différentes mesures visant à mieux contrôler ses usages et son image.Ma recherche s’appuie sur trois études de cas à Paris : le mobilier urbain, le système d’accréditation des musiciens dans le métro et les patrouilles de correspondants de nuit. Ces dispositifs de gestion de l’indésirabilité donnent aux producteurs et gestionnaires d’espaces publics la possibilité d’assurer une mise en ordre du social par une mise en ordre du spatial. Leur analyse me permet de cerner différentes figures d’indésirables et les registres de justification déployés par les acteurs institutionnels ou certains entrepreneurs de morale pour défendre des hiérarchies dans les droits d’usage des espaces publics. L’indésirabilité étant une construction sociale et culturelle, mon objectif a été de dénaturaliser ces catégorisations dominantes pour mettre à jour des rapports de pouvoir asymétriques et montrer comment ils se matérialisent dans la production et la régulation des espaces publics / Since the 70’s the public spaces of the contemporary metropolis have become important issues for municipal authorities concerned with their attractiveness as well as for some inhabitants who feel committed to their environment. Speeches surrounding such valorization insist on urban quality, but the production of safe and user-friendly spaces also implies processes of exclusion or alterization. The large number of threat figures is sustained by the diffusion of security discourses that make some groups into symbols of urban decay. Such reinvestment of public space on both the semantic and material level is therefore translated into different measures aiming at better controlling its uses and its image.My research relies on three case studies in Paris: urban furniture, licensing of some subway musicians, and the city’s security patrol services. These devices used for managing the undesirables allow the producers and managers of public spaces to put in order the social by putting in order the spatial. Analyzing these devices gives me the means for discerning different figures of undesirable people and records of justification enacted by institutional agencies or moral entrepreneurs in order to defend hierarchies in the rights of using public spaces. As undesirability is a social and cultural construction, I focused on denaturalizing these dominant categorizations, in order to highlight asymmetrical power relations and to show how they materialize in the production and the regulation of public spaces

El uso de los espacios públicos está influido directamente por la calidad de su habilitación, es decir, por la capacidad de responder a necesidades funcionales, físicas, psicológicas y sociales de los usuarios frente a los elementos que lo configuran. El buen uso y conservación de estos espacios define la aceptación y apropiación de los usuarios. Cuando las personas ven posibilidades de uso y logran intervenir en la creación de lugares de encuentro, los espacios se enriquecen y se realzan sus contenidos funcional, simbólico y social. El papel que juega el mobiliario urbano en la constitución del espacio público como soporte de las actividades y facilitador de la vida urbana es fundamental. Las decisiones que los realizadores tomen, las características de la oferta, la interpretación de las necesidades e intereses de los ciudadanos/as, impactará la calidad de vida a la que aspiren en ese lugar. El espacio público y el mobiliario urbano constituyen un medio eficaz para que las personas logren ciertos beneficios en la realización de sus actividades (trabajo, educación, esparcimiento). Si ambos se ofrecen por igual a todos los ciudadanos para su uso indistinto y en comunidad, debe existir un cuidado crítico en el diseño, calidad y estado de tales bienes. La presente investigación pone de manifiesto que los objetos con los que convivimos espacio público urbano (Objetos de Uso Público, OUP) responden a una diversidad de demandas, distintas de las solicitudes para los objetos de uso privado. Estas demandas resultan del contexto donde dichos objetos se insertan (el espacio público urbano) y de las necesidades inherentes a la vida urbana, que tienen sus propias exigencias y particularidades. Estos factores revelan la complejidad que debe reconocerse e integrar en el diseño de los OUP y la diversidad de disciplinas y decisiones intervinientes en su implementación. Esta investigación justifica su importancia demostrando que el diseño tiene la responsabilidad de articular, coordinar y comandar las disciplinas participantes y en última instancia, implementar la materialización de los objetos concebidos desde estas variadas necesidades y condiciones. Esta investigación se centra en el reconocimiento de las características distintivas de los OUP y en el rol del diseño para asegurar esas distinciones y enfatiza la relevancia de integrar en el diseño las necesidades y aspiraciones de los ciudadanos. Ambas tareas deben desarrollarse dentro de las capacidades disciplinares del diseño. Se trata de un análisis de las experiencias de uso del espacio público, tal como se caracteriza en las sociedades de raíces latinas y en particular, estudia el comportamiento de los ciudadanos en tres parques de la ciudad de Barcelona. Las aportaciones derivadas de este trabajo son: › desarrollo de un material teórico para caracterizar los OUP, que puede servir de base para su tratamiento desde la perspectiva del diseño industrial. › identificación y proposición de mecanismos interpretativos y conceptuales para destacar la componente significativa y simbólica de los OUP. › definición de principios para incorporar la participación activa de los usuarios en el proceso de diseño de los OUP. › propuesta de énfasis necesario en los aspectos económicos y psico-sociales, sin desconocer el rol protagónico de otras disciplinas. › reafirmación de la responsabilidad del diseño en la entrega de lineamientos para la materialidad y producción de los OUP, con mezcla de tareas de la economía, el urbanismo, la psicología ambiental y la arquitectura como condicionantes y la ingeniería y parte del urbanismo como intervinientes. La visión amplia, integral y holística del espacio público y de los bienes que allí se instalan, exige la perspectiva de las disciplinas que aquí se proponen, abriendo un campo de mayor claridad para el resto de las disciplinas, artes y oficios asociados en el tema. / The use of the public spaces is influenced directly by the quality of its qualification, namely, by the capacity of these spaces to answer to functional, physical, psychological and social needs of users with regard to the elements that make part of it. The good use and conservation of these spaces defines the acceptance and appropriation of the users. When the persons see possibilities of use and manage to intervene in the creation of places of encounter, the spaces are upgraded and its contents are functionally, symbolically and socially valuated. The role played by urban furniture in the constitution of the public space, as a support of the activities and facilitator of urban life is fundamental. The choice that decision makers take, the characteristics of the supply and the interpretation of the needs and interests of the citizens, will affect the quality of life expected to be yielded by this place. Public space and urban furniture constitute an effective way to persons to achieve certain benefits in the accomplishment of their activities (work, education, leisure). If both are offered indistinctly to all the citizens for their individual use and in community, a critical care must exist in the design, quality and condition of such goods. The present research reveals that objects with which we deal in public urban space (Objects of Public Use, OPU) respond to a diversity of demands, different from the one requested to objects of private use. These demands result from the context where the above mentioned objects are inserted (the public urban space) and from the needs inherent to the urban life, which has its own requirements and particularities. These factors reveal the complexity that must be recognized and integrated in the design of the OPU and the diversity of disciplines and decisions that must intervene in their implementation. The importance of this research lies on the demonstration that the design has the responsibility to articulate, coordinate and command the participating disciplines and in last instance, to implement the materialization of the objects conceived from these varied needs and conditions. This research is axed on the recognition of the distinctive characteristics of the OPU and on the role of design to assure these distinctions. It emphasizes the relevancy of integrating in the design the needs and aspirations of the citizens. Both tasks must be developed within the capacities of design as a discipline. The research deals also with an analysis of the experiences of use of the public space, as it is characteristic of the societies of Latin roots and especially, studies the behavior of the citizens in three parks of the city of Barcelona. The contributions derived from this work are: › Development of a theoretical material to characterize the OPU, which can be used as a base for analysis and action in the perspective of design. › Identification and proposition of interpretive and conceptual mechanisms to emphasize the significant and symbolic component of the OPU. › Definition of principles to incorporate the active participation of users in the process of design of the OPU. › Proposal of granting the necessary emphasis in the economic and psycho-social aspects, not ignoring the leading role of other disciplines. › Reaffirmation of the responsibility of design in the delivery of guidelines for the materiality and production of the OUP, mixing contributions from the economy, the urbanism, the environmental psychology and the architecture as determining disciplines and the engineering and part of the urbanism like interveners ones. The wide, integral and holistic vision of public space and of the goods that are installed there, demands the perspective of the disciplines and approaches proposed here, shedding light on the rest of the disciplines, arts and trades associated in the topic.

Dans un contexte de développement urbain en pleine vitesse de la province du Guangdong (au sud de la Chine), notamment de sa capitale Guangzhou, la transformation paysagère rapide et radicale nous incite à nous interroger sur les relations entre la société et l’environnement, les habitants et les lieux de vie, l’art et la ville. Face aux enjeux politiques et économiques liés aux mutations urbaines, quelle est la place et l’action de l’art sur l’aménagement de la ville? Sous quelles formes et de quelles manières l’art s’y intègre-t-il? Avec les interventions artistiques dans l’espace public, l’artiste est-il capable de rétablir, in situ, la communication réciproque entre les habitants et les lieux ? Quelles sont les approches et les modalités envisageables pour répondre à ces questions?Vu qu’il y a de nombreux bâtiments occidentaux construits à Guangzhou depuis une trentaine d’années, qui font face aux sculptures traditionnelles chinoises qui ne correspondent pas au style occidental, comment peut-on trouver les voies intermédiaires réconciliant deux polarités – la forme moderne occidentalisée et l’esprit traditionnel cantonais – dans la création de la sculpture urbaine ? Il devient nécessaire de reconstruire une version moderne de l’ancien système en proposant une forme urbaine locale contemporaine utilisant les savoirs-faires traditionnels des artisans qui dépasseraient la dissonance entre contexte architectural occidentalisé et sculpture régionale cantonaise. / In a context of urban development at full speed in Guangdong (South of China), especially its capital Guangzhou, the rapid and radical transformation of landscapes raises a number of questions about the relationship between societies and their environment, the local peoples and the living places, art and the city. Faced with political and economic issues related to urban change, what is the role and work of art on the city layout? In what forms and in what ways the art it does integrity? With artistic interventions in public space, the artist is capable of restoring it in situ, mutual communication between people and places? What approaches and possible ways to address these issues?Since there are many western buildings built in Guangzhou last thirty years, face to face traditional Chinese sculptures that do not fit the Western style, how can we find the subchannels reconciling two polarities - the modern westernized form and the traditional Cantonese spirit - in the creation of urban sculpture? It therefore becomes necessary to rebuild a modern version of the old system by providing a local contemporary urban form using the traditional skills of artisans who exceed the dissonance between westernized architectural context and Cantonese regional sculpture.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GlielsonNM.pdf: 3445728 bytes, checksum: c6a1b648ef00a2e39c86e2a90759e563 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-07 / This work aims to analyze and evaluate the Urban furniture designed to public areas according to the Revitalization planning for Rio Grande do Norte coastland, defining visual relations among urban elements in the landscape of revitalized public urban areas with cultural, paisagistic and touristic values and the design process used for developing urban furniture to those areas, observing the incoming consequences use to that process in a specific urban context which alters use, functions, cultural images as well as social values attributed to each particular place. Environmental perceptions, legibility of local cultural references and their representation through the design of urban elements, act in a positive or negative manner over the inhabitants cognition process of some particular revitalized area, determining new use and attributions to those areas. Designs for coastal urban interventions try excessively to standardize technical media, construction materials and planning configurations, creating artificial sceneries that segregates users, imposing new structures and usage, generating, consequently, the so called non-places and burlesque regionalism. The research is divided into 4 chapters: 1) Theoretical support (Industrial design; Urban furniture; Public urban spaces; Urban image and environmental perception; Urban occupation and interventions in coastland areas); 2) Methodological procedures and data collection; 3) Analysis of Rio Grande do Norte coastal areas and their urban interventions; 4) Final considerations and Industrial Design contributions to the subject / Este trabalho analisa e avalia o Desenho de Mobili?rio Urbano para os espa?os p?blicos nos Projetos de Reordenamento da Orlas do Rio Grande do Norte, estabelecendo rela??es entre a paisagem urbana dos espa?os p?blicos revitalizados sejam eles de interesse cultural, paisag?stico e/ou tur?stico, e o processo de interven??o do Desenho na configura??o do mobili?rio urbano implantado naqueles espa?os observando as prov?veis conseq??ncias advindas desse processo em um dado contexto urbano que alteram os usos, fun??es, as imagens culturais e os valores sociais atribu?dos a cada lugar espec?fico. As percep??es ambientais e a legibilidade dos referenciais culturais dos lugares e sua representa??o nos elementos do mobili?rio urbano, influenciam positiva ou negativamente os processos de cogni??o dos habitantes de um determinado espa?o revitalizado, definindo novos usos e atribui??es para esses espa?os. Os projetos de interven??o urban?stica das orlas tendem ? padroniza??o excessiva dos meios t?cnicos, materiais e configura??es, criando espa?os cenarizados que segregam os usu?rios, impondo equipamentos e novos usos que, consequentemente, acabam criando os chamados n?o-lugares e um regionalismo pitoresco. O trabalho est? dividido em 6 cap?tulos que tratam respectivamente de: conceitua??es te?ricas (Desenho Industrial; Mobili?rio Urbano; Espa?os Urbanos P?blicos; Imagem Urbana e Percep??o Ambiental; Ocupa??o e Interven??o Urban?stica nas Orlas mar?timas); dos Procedimentos e T?cnicas para Coleta de Dados; das An?lise das Orlas do Rio Grande do Norte e dos Processos de Interven??o; e das considera??es finais e das contribui??es do Desenho Industrial

O projeto de espaços públicos, pensados como ideais, necessita um investimento elevado. A abertura de licitações para profissionais residentes de outros estados, diferentes daquele de onde será feita a implantação, pode trazer reflexos negativos no mobiliário urbano projetado, pois esses profissionais planejam, muitas vezes, de acordo as vivências de sua cidade local, gerando mobiliários urbanos descontextualizados com o padrão cultural, a identidade visual da cidade, a instalação ideal, o acesso universal do usuário e o tipo de material mais conveniente, por exemplo. Em virtude disso, esta pesquisa visa investigar e gerar subsídios para os profissionais ligados às atividades de mobiliário urbano. A ABNT, através da NBR9383, divide o mobiliário urbano em categorias. O foco desta dissertação é a investigação, através de análises e interpretações de arquivos históricos, fotografias e dados de gestores públicos, a categoria de Infra-estrutura, Informação e Comunicação Visual, especificamente no que diz respeito às placas de sinalização e de logradouro. Apresenta-se uma metodologia de projeto de mobiliário urbano, exemplificada através de avaliação por questionário e de proposta de design gráfico para a criação de uma identidade visual na "Rua dos Antiquários" em Porto Alegre, e a produção do aplicativo executável "Geraplaca", para auxiliar os projetistas na elaboração de placas de sinalização e de nome de rua de forma padronizada na escolha da letra, diagramação, observações de produção, acabamento e instalação. Desde modo, pode-se diminuir gastos de produção e unificar linguagens de comunicação entre as diversas formações dos profissionais que trabalham com mobiliário urbano. / The project of public spaces, as ideal place, needs a high investment. The opening of licitations for professionals of other states, different from where the implantation will be made, can bring negative consequences in the projected urban furniture. This happens because these professionals plan, many times, in agreement with the experiences of their local city, generating urban furniture out of the context with respect to cultural standard, visual identity of the city, ideal installation, access of the universal user and the type of more convenient material, for example. Due to it this, this research aims to investigate and to generate tools for professionals that work with urban furniture. The ABNT, through the NBR9383, divides the urban furniture in categories. The focus of this work is the research, through analyses and interpretations of historical archives, photographs and data of public managers, the Infrastructure, Information and Visual Communication category, specifically in what it says respect to the public place and signalling plates. A methodology for urban furniture project is presented, exemplified by the evolution of a quiz and the graphic design to create a visual identity in the "Street of the Antiquários" in Porto Alegre, with the production of application "Geraplaca", to help the designers in the creation of signaling plates and street plate of standardized form with respect to the choice of the letter, diagramming, production comments, finishing and installation. This way, production expenses can be diminished and the communication language among several different professionals who work with urban planning can be unified.

O projeto de espaços públicos, pensados como ideais, necessita um investimento elevado. A abertura de licitações para profissionais residentes de outros estados, diferentes daquele de onde será feita a implantação, pode trazer reflexos negativos no mobiliário urbano projetado, pois esses profissionais planejam, muitas vezes, de acordo as vivências de sua cidade local, gerando mobiliários urbanos descontextualizados com o padrão cultural, a identidade visual da cidade, a instalação ideal, o acesso universal do usuário e o tipo de material mais conveniente, por exemplo. Em virtude disso, esta pesquisa visa investigar e gerar subsídios para os profissionais ligados às atividades de mobiliário urbano. A ABNT, através da NBR9383, divide o mobiliário urbano em categorias. O foco desta dissertação é a investigação, através de análises e interpretações de arquivos históricos, fotografias e dados de gestores públicos, a categoria de Infra-estrutura, Informação e Comunicação Visual, especificamente no que diz respeito às placas de sinalização e de logradouro. Apresenta-se uma metodologia de projeto de mobiliário urbano, exemplificada através de avaliação por questionário e de proposta de design gráfico para a criação de uma identidade visual na "Rua dos Antiquários" em Porto Alegre, e a produção do aplicativo executável "Geraplaca", para auxiliar os projetistas na elaboração de placas de sinalização e de nome de rua de forma padronizada na escolha da letra, diagramação, observações de produção, acabamento e instalação. Desde modo, pode-se diminuir gastos de produção e unificar linguagens de comunicação entre as diversas formações dos profissionais que trabalham com mobiliário urbano. / The project of public spaces, as ideal place, needs a high investment. The opening of licitations for professionals of other states, different from where the implantation will be made, can bring negative consequences in the projected urban furniture. This happens because these professionals plan, many times, in agreement with the experiences of their local city, generating urban furniture out of the context with respect to cultural standard, visual identity of the city, ideal installation, access of the universal user and the type of more convenient material, for example. Due to it this, this research aims to investigate and to generate tools for professionals that work with urban furniture. The ABNT, through the NBR9383, divides the urban furniture in categories. The focus of this work is the research, through analyses and interpretations of historical archives, photographs and data of public managers, the Infrastructure, Information and Visual Communication category, specifically in what it says respect to the public place and signalling plates. A methodology for urban furniture project is presented, exemplified by the evolution of a quiz and the graphic design to create a visual identity in the "Street of the Antiquários" in Porto Alegre, with the production of application "Geraplaca", to help the designers in the creation of signaling plates and street plate of standardized form with respect to the choice of the letter, diagramming, production comments, finishing and installation. This way, production expenses can be diminished and the communication language among several different professionals who work with urban planning can be unified.

O projeto de espaços públicos, pensados como ideais, necessita um investimento elevado. A abertura de licitações para profissionais residentes de outros estados, diferentes daquele de onde será feita a implantação, pode trazer reflexos negativos no mobiliário urbano projetado, pois esses profissionais planejam, muitas vezes, de acordo as vivências de sua cidade local, gerando mobiliários urbanos descontextualizados com o padrão cultural, a identidade visual da cidade, a instalação ideal, o acesso universal do usuário e o tipo de material mais conveniente, por exemplo. Em virtude disso, esta pesquisa visa investigar e gerar subsídios para os profissionais ligados às atividades de mobiliário urbano. A ABNT, através da NBR9383, divide o mobiliário urbano em categorias. O foco desta dissertação é a investigação, através de análises e interpretações de arquivos históricos, fotografias e dados de gestores públicos, a categoria de Infra-estrutura, Informação e Comunicação Visual, especificamente no que diz respeito às placas de sinalização e de logradouro. Apresenta-se uma metodologia de projeto de mobiliário urbano, exemplificada através de avaliação por questionário e de proposta de design gráfico para a criação de uma identidade visual na "Rua dos Antiquários" em Porto Alegre, e a produção do aplicativo executável "Geraplaca", para auxiliar os projetistas na elaboração de placas de sinalização e de nome de rua de forma padronizada na escolha da letra, diagramação, observações de produção, acabamento e instalação. Desde modo, pode-se diminuir gastos de produção e unificar linguagens de comunicação entre as diversas formações dos profissionais que trabalham com mobiliário urbano. / The project of public spaces, as ideal place, needs a high investment. The opening of licitations for professionals of other states, different from where the implantation will be made, can bring negative consequences in the projected urban furniture. This happens because these professionals plan, many times, in agreement with the experiences of their local city, generating urban furniture out of the context with respect to cultural standard, visual identity of the city, ideal installation, access of the universal user and the type of more convenient material, for example. Due to it this, this research aims to investigate and to generate tools for professionals that work with urban furniture. The ABNT, through the NBR9383, divides the urban furniture in categories. The focus of this work is the research, through analyses and interpretations of historical archives, photographs and data of public managers, the Infrastructure, Information and Visual Communication category, specifically in what it says respect to the public place and signalling plates. A methodology for urban furniture project is presented, exemplified by the evolution of a quiz and the graphic design to create a visual identity in the "Street of the Antiquários" in Porto Alegre, with the production of application "Geraplaca", to help the designers in the creation of signaling plates and street plate of standardized form with respect to the choice of the letter, diagramming, production comments, finishing and installation. This way, production expenses can be diminished and the communication language among several different professionals who work with urban planning can be unified.

Hur vi planerar och utformar stadens offentliga rum påverkar vår uppfattning om den urbana miljön. Den offentliga ytan ska planeras för att vara tillgänglig för varje medborgare utan någonting som förhindrar möjligheten att delta i stadens utbud. Vår utbildning inom urban miljö har gett oss en bra grund och kunskap för att analysera stadens gestaltning. Den har även gett oss möjligheten att tolka dolda sociala exkluderingar som uppstår på grund av hur stadsrummet är utformat. I denna studie avser vi därmed att undersöka ett fenomen som utmanar uppfattningen om att alla stadens rum är tillgängliga för alla, nämligen ett fenomen vid namn fientlig stadsplanering. Vi har, genom att tolka och förstå, undersökt teoretiska förklaringar till fenomenets innebörd, uppkomst, samt påverkan. Vår kvalitativa studie har genomförts med metodologin ‘grounded theory’, för att först undersöka nuvarande kunskapsläget för att sedan bilda en teori. Vi har genomfört en litteraturinsamling baserad på relevant litteratur och forskning för att analysera fenomenet. Studien omfattar en kartläggning av fientlig stadsmöblering genom observationer i Malmö för att tolka hur fenomenet kan utforma sig i staden. Till sist, utfördes en intervju med en tjänsteman inom Malmö stad för att få kompletterande uppgifter till vår analys och en djupare förståelse för hur en av stadens planerare ser på utformningen av stadsrummen. Resultatet visar att fientlig stadsmöblering placeras i stadsrummen för att förhindra beteenden, och därmed personer, som samhället ser som ‘icke-önskvärda’. Dessa beteenden har vi förankrat till teorier om rätten till staden, den attraktiva konsumtionsstaden, maktstrukturer och den mänskliga dimensionen; där alla har förklaringar till varför ‘icke-önskvärt’ beteende exkluderas, samt varför fenomenet uppstått. Resultatet visar även att fientlig stadsmöblering förekommer i centrala Malmö vid Triangelns stationsområde, där vi identifierade en fientligt utformad bänk. Utöver det, förekommer fenomenet väldigt lite inom staden, vilket går ihop med hur Malmö stad önskar planera staden. Vidare visar resultatet att fenomenet har tydliga nyliberala och kapitalistiska förankringar, där konsumtion är i framkant. Staden planeras för ekonomisk tillväxt och en bra ‘image’, vilket innebär att konsumenten prioriteras i hierarkin om vem de offentliga rummen planeras för. På grund av detta implementerar man fientlig stadsmöblering. / How we plan and design the city's public spaces affects our perception of the urban environment. The public space should be planned to be accessible to every citizen without anything that prevent the opportunity to participate in the city's offerings. Our education in urban environment has given us a good foundation and knowledge for analyzing the city's design. It has also given us the opportunity to interpret hidden social exclusions that arise due to how the urban space is designed. In this study we intend to investigate a phenomenon that challenges the notion that all city spaces are accessible to all, namely a phenomenon called hostile architecture. We have, by interpreting and understanding, investigated theoretical explanations for the phenomenon's meaning, origin, and impact. Our qualitative study has been carried out with the methodology ‘grounded theory’, to first examine the current state of knowledge and then form a theory. We have conducted a literature collection based on relevant literature and research to understand the phenomenon. The study includes a mapping of hostile city furniture through observations in the city of Malmö to interpret how the phenomenon can take shape in the city. Finally, an interview was conducted with an official within the city of Malmö to get additional information for our analysis and gain a deeper understanding of how one of the city's planners view the design of the city spaces. The results show that hostile urban furniture is placed in urban spaces to prevent behaviors, and thus people, that society sees as 'undesirable'. We have anchored these behaviors to theories about the right to the city, the attractive city of consumption, power structures and the human dimension; where each theory has an explanation for why 'undesirable' behavior is excluded, and why the phenomenon has arisen. The results also show that hostile urban furniture occurs in central Malmö, next to Triangle station, where we identified a hostile bench. Beyond that, the phenomenon occurs very rarely in the city, which goes hand in hand with how Malmö wishes to plan the city. Furthermore, the results show that the phenomenon has clear neoliberal and capitalist roots, where consumption is at the forefront. The city is planned for economic growth and a good ‘image’, which means that the consumer is prioritized in the hierarchy of whom the public places are planned. Because of this, hostile urban furniture will be used.