Submitted by Adriana Martinez (amartinez@unoeste.br) on 2017-08-24T21:26:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Juliana Felipe.pdf: 1690107 bytes, checksum: acc62c8a0a235bc2db3a57f46f11ddf0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-24T21:26:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Juliana Felipe.pdf: 1690107 bytes, checksum: acc62c8a0a235bc2db3a57f46f11ddf0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-20 / The vehicular pollution may interfere with the practice of physical exercise and the quality of life of people in the urban environment. The People's Park in Presidente Prudente - SP, despite being a place with good infrastructure that provides physical exercise, is also a major hub of vehicular traffic. With regular practice of physical exercises we present benefits to the population as physical, social and affective health. In this way, this work aims to analyze the influence of the possible implications of vehicular pollution on individuals practicing regular physical exercises in the People's Park in the city of Presidente Prudente-SP. The questions that led to the accomplishment of this work are that the pollution can cause respiratory problems in the practitioners of physical exercise, and also, taking into account that we have the climate as an important variable and the best time to do physical exercise in the place presented. The hypothesis adopted is that the practitioner of physical exercise in the open environment with the presence of environmental pollution on some implication of their well being. The methodology used was the bibliographical research in selected literature and applied research with practitioners of physical activities in the People's Park, information was collected through interviews, systematic observation, an evasion pump to capture carbon monoxide present in the air of the place The determination of air pollutants will be performed through the automatic monitoring network, together with the daily values of temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, direction and wind speed and Coex for the measurement of carbon monoxide in exhaled air of participants before and after physical exercise on data collection days. During the course of the chapters, the importance of the vegetation present in the urban green parks was related to the physical exercise, therefore presented the air pollution in specific vehicular pollution and its effects on the environment and human health, following, demonstrated and contextualized the demographic characteristics Of the city and of the people's park, and above all that the place studied has great importance for city and regional development, valuing the environment and the accomplishment of physical exercise and well-being measured to the population. The results showed individuals with hemodynamic factors (PAS, PAD, FC, FR) within the normal established standard, more active presented in the IPAQ, being able to relate that the participants were stimulated and motivated by the extensive vegetation in the studied place. / A poluição veicular pode interferir na prática de exercícios físicos e na qualidade de vida das pessoas no ambiente urbano. O Parque do Povo, em Presidente Prudente - SP, apesar de ser um local com boa infraestrutura que proporciona a prática de exercícios físicos, é também um grande concentrador de tráfego de veículos. A prática regular de exercícios físicos pode apresentar benefícios para população como saúde física, social e afetiva. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a influência das possíveis implicações da poluição veicular em indivíduos praticantes de exercícios físicos regulares no Parque do Povo, na cidade de Presidente Prudente - SP. A hipótese adotada foi que a prática de exercício físico regular em parques urbanos pode interferir na qualidade respiratória do praticante, mesmo em ambientes abertos. Contudo, praticantes de exercícios físicos regulares podem responder melhor à poluição em virtude de suas capacidades fisiológicas melhor adaptadas. O estudo traz implicações e enfoques multidisciplinares, que se complementam dentro da perspectiva da saúde ambiental. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho baseou-se na investigação qualitativa, utilizando-se das pesquisas de levantamento bibliográfico, documental, e de campo, cuja técnica contou com observação direta intensiva. O cálculo amostral foi baseado no estudo de Miot (2011), totalizando um número de 36 indivíduos. Os critérios de inclusão foram participantes possuírem idade entre 18 e 40 anos, praticarem exercícios físicos pelo menos três vezes na semana por, no mínimo, 50 minutos no Parque do Povo, não apresentar histórico de doenças pulmonares crônicas e/ou episódios recentes de infeções nas vias áreas superiores. O estudo foi do tipo primário, de caráter longitudinal não controlado e prospectivo. Foi realizada a mensuração do monóxido de carbono no ar exalado (COex), bem como aplicação de dois questionários: um de sintomas respiratórios (avaliou queixas respiratórias) e outro do IPAC (avaliou nível de atividade física) - Escala de Borg. Todas as análises estatísticas foram feitas por meio do software Action Stat. O presente estudo mostrou que os participantes da pesquisa se tornaram mais ativos, sendo possivelmente estimulados e motivados pelo ambiente com grande presença de vegetação e a boa infraestrutura do local e pelas orientações realizadas durante a pesquisa. Quanto às características antropométricas, sinais vitais e percepção subjetiva do esforço físico, foi possível observar que não houve diferenças significativas entre os dois períodos de coleta. Foi possível ainda constatar que houve um aumento dos participantes muito ativos na segunda fase da pesquisa. Foi verificado, ainda, que houve menor índice de monóxido de carbono no ar exalado (COex) na segunda fase (jul./2016), indicando que houve melhora na resposta fisiológica dos praticantes muito ativos. Importante ressaltar que houve um aumento nas queixas respiratórias na segunda fase da pesquisa – tosse, alergias e secreções nasais – que pode ter sido causadas pela associação da poluição atmosférica com a baixa umidade relativa do ar caracterizada no momento da segunda fase.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-21T14:57:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Milena de Moura Regis.pdf: 1857358 bytes, checksum: b2b1a6968c0d5e192c5e0cbb7ae24fff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-21T14:57:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Milena de Moura Regis.pdf: 1857358 bytes, checksum: b2b1a6968c0d5e192c5e0cbb7ae24fff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-13 / Comprehending the environmental perception allows the understanding of how happens the relationbetween human being and environment, and from this knowledge we obtain subsidies to create conservation policies, and for the decision taking about management strategies of public green areas, like urban parks. It is from this perspective, that this study have identified the environmental perception and use of urban parks by regulars of Jardim da Conquista Park (JCP), besides having identified the environmental perception of the frequenters of Jardim da Conquista Park about the JCP. In order to do it, 204 Park goers have been interviewed, of these, 127(62,25%) were women and 77 (37,75%) were men. And the research was divided in two phases, the first called: “Environmental Perception of Urban Parks”; and the second called: “Environmental Perception of Jardim da Conquista Park”. In the first phase, it was identified how the interviewed goers of Jardim da Conquista Park realize and use urban parks. For this, it was adopted the factor analysis statistical technique, that have indicated four categories representig the environmental perception of the interviewed about use and functions of urban parks. The identified categories are: 1.Social Function of Urban Parks; 2.Environmental Services of Urban Parks; 3.Infrastructure and use of Urban Parks; and 4.Conservation of Urban Nature. Such aspects have allowed the researcher to identify the important criteria to goers, when choosing which park model they wish to visit. Hence, the categories have been crossed with some variables used to feature the interviewed profile, those are: genre; age; marital status; and having children or not. Relating the respondent profile, with identified categories, have enabled to conclude that different observed groups, realize and use urban parks in similar ways. In the second phase, it was identified how the interviewed goers of Jardim da Conquista Park realize and use the JCP. In this regard, were observed variables that addressed aspects about the infrastructure, services, and available equipaments in the Park. Besides analyzing one open question, that have allowed to identify how the interviewed realizes and uses the JCP, through the content analysis technique. The quantitative data analysis, in this phase of the research, have demonstrated that the interviewed evaluate positively the Jardim da Conquista Park in relation to the observed aspects, indicating that these individuals realize and use the JCP, as a leisure and recreation space, that offers good equipments for the achievement of these and other activities. The qualitative data analysis, have also demonstrated (through the categories: welfare; evaluation/maintenance; and use, assigned to the JPC, from the analysis of the interviewed´s discourse), that the studied population positively relates to this place. However, the studied population have also indicated aspects to be improved in the JCP, those are: the drinking fountains availability; fitness equipaments availability; parking slots, and others. Despite it, in this phase of the study, we conclude that the interviewed realize and use the JCP, as a cozy and nice place, where it is possible to interact with other people and also practice leisure and recreation activites, in addition to characterize the JCP as a familiar environment. / Compreender a percepção ambiental permite o entendimento de como se dá a relação do ser humano com o ambiente, e a partir dessa compreensão se obtém subsídios para formulação de políticas de conservação e para a tomada de decisão em estratégias de gestão de áreas verdes públicas, como os parques urbanos. É sob esse enfoque, que o presente estudo identificou a percepção ambiental e uso de parques urbanos por frequentadores do Parque Jardim da Conquista (PJC), além de ter identificado a percepção ambiental de frequentadores do Parque Jardim da Conquista em relação ao PJC. Para isso, foram entrevistados 204 frequentadores do Parque, desses, 127 (62,25%) eram mulheres e 77 (37,75%) eram homens. E a pesquisa foi dividida em duas fases, a primeira denominada: “Percepção Ambiental de Parques Urbanos”; e a segunda denominada: “Percepção Ambiental do Parque Jardim da Conquista”. Na primeira fase, identificou-se como os frequentadores entrevistados do Parque Jardim da Conquista percebem e utilizam parques urbanos. Para isso, adotou-se a técnica estatística análise fatorial, que indicou quatro categorias representando a percepção ambiental dos entrevistados em relação aos usos e funções de parques urbanos. As categorias identificadas foram: 1. Função Social dos Parques Urbanos; 2. Serviços Ambientais dos Parques Urbanos; 3. Infraestrutura e Utilização dos Parques Urbanos; e 4. Conservação da Natureza Urbana. Tais aspectos permitiram que o pesquisador identificasse os critérios importantes, para os entrevistados no momento em que escolhem qual modelo de parque desejam acessar. Nesse sentido, as categorias foram cruzadas com algumas variáveis usadas para caracterizar o perfil dos entrevistados, são elas: gênero; idade; situação conjugal; e se possuem filhos ou não. Relacionar o perfil dos entrevistados com os fatores identificados, permitiu concluir que os diferentes grupos observados percebem e utilizam os parques urbanos de maneiras semelhantes. Na segunda fase, identificou-se como os frequentadores entrevistados do Parque Jardim da Conquista percebem e utilizam o PJC. Para isso foram observadas variáveis que abordaram aspectos sobre a infraestrutura, serviços e equipamentos disponíveis no Parque. Além de analisar uma pergunta aberta, que permitiu identificar como os entrevistados percebem e utilizam o PJC, por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. A análise dos dados quantitativos dessa fase da pesquisa, demonstrou que os entrevistados avaliam positivamente o Parque Jardim da Conquista em relação aos aspectos observados, assim indicando que esses indivíduos percebem e utilizam o PJC, como um espaço de lazer e recreação, que oferece bons equipamentos para a realização dessas e de outras atividades. A análise dos dados qualitativos também demonstrou (por meio das categorias: bem estar; avaliação/manutenção; e utilização, atribuídas ao PJC a partir da análise do discurso dos entrevistados), que a população estudada se relaciona positivamente com esse ambiente. No entanto, a população estudada também apontou aspectos a serem melhorados no PJC, são eles: a disponibilidade de bebedouros; equipamentos de ginástica; estacionamento, entre outros. Contudo, nessa fase do estudo, conclui-se que os entrevistados percebem e utilizam o PJC, como um local aconchegante e agradável, onde é possível interagir com outras pessoas e praticar atividades de lazer e recreação, além de caracterizarem o PJC como um ambiente familiar.

Despite the directions of regulatory agencies, that prompt a sufficient provision of green spaces in the urban context, research claims that the access to parks depends on the Socio-Economic-Status (SES) of the inhabitants of the city. Therefore, the uneven access to the green areas, known as Environmental Inequality, has been recognised as an Environmental Injustice. In this study, a qualitative approach was employed to assess the presence of the Environmental Inequality between two neighbourhoods with different SES in the city of Rome; consequently, the interest was to investigate how does the inequality occur given a satisfying quantity of green space. Ten citizens were selected to participate in semi-structured interviews with the aim to understand their attitudes and perspectives towards the local green parks and to verify if the inhabitants perceived any inequality. The results indicate the presence of the Environmental Inequality based on the SES of the inhabitants of the two neighbourhoods, in consequence of qualitative factors such as maintenance and lack of facilities. A perceived Inequality was also found within the participants of both the neighbourhoods supporting the results about the presence of the inequality. The present study contributes to the discussion about the qualitative obstacles that may influence access to the urban parks and that may determine an environmental injustice. Further research should extend the samplings to more than two neighbourhoods in order to confirm that these results apply to the rest of the wide territory of Rome, as these results cannot be generalized with a sample size of ten.

Cities are growing at unprecedented rates and are expected to be home to 70% of the world’s population in 2050. In this process, they face challenges such as densification, rapid population growth and loss of land and ecosystem services. Cities also have to remain livable and accessible to all. In 2014, the Swedish Public Health Agency declared that it would aim to close all avoidable health inequalities within one generation. In order to reach these objectives while also complying with the Sustainable Development Goals, urban green infrastructure (UGI) has been increasingly viewed as a powerful instrument that cities can utilize to help them meet their sustainability and human health targets. As nature-based solutions, UGI can greatly contribute to building resilience in urban areas by providing a number of ecosystem services. Simultaneously, UGI have also been shown to possess equigenic functions – the capacity to support the health of the least advantaged population groups equally or more so than the most privileged. This study has therefore aimed to operationalize a methodology to help identify optimal locations for developing and managing UGI in Stockholm with the aim of prioritizing health and minimizing impacts on existing ecosystems. This was done by drawing on 3 spatial datasets (land-cover, health and healthcare consumption, socioeconomics) and combining them using a GIS. The resulting maps are made for individual as well as aggregated health indicators. They display multiple optimal location clusters that were often located in the outer parts of the city, notably in the north-western and south-eastern boroughs. The inner-city however, showed little need for equigenic UGI improvements. The results and the implications of this methodology are discussed in relation to several aspects of UGI, including quality, quantity and accessibility, gentrification and UGI’s role in the smart city. Suggestions for future research building on this methodology are also provided.

No description available.

Urban pluvial floods occur during extreme rain events and both occurrence and magnitude of these floods are expected to increase. Preserving or constructing green areas in urban areas has been shown to mitigate and control these floods. The common way to evaluate flood risks is to set up a rainfall-runoff model, but these studies are often case related and only investigate the soil characteristics for that specific case. Multiple studies have also stated that the difference between major and minor flooding effects is connected to the antecedent soil moisture content. This thesis attempts to investigate how different soil characteristics influencing infiltration affect the hydraulic response in two Swedish urban catchments and if antecedent soil moisture is a critical factor. To evaluate the hydraulic response, a two-dimensional surface runoff model of two different urban catchments was forced with a hyetograph of a CDS-rain with a return period of 100 years. The simulations were conducted with three different soil types for all urban green areas: clay, sandy loam and sand, and three different antecedent soil moisture contents for clay and sandy loam. Flood extent and discharge from catchment area was evaluated, as was flood depth and overland flow in 16 chosen evaluation points. The results showed that with decreasing infiltration rate of a soil and with increasing antecedent soil moisture content, the severity of the flood and discharge at the catchment outlet was increased. It was also concluded that soil type affects flood extent, flood depth, overland flow and discharge from catchment to a greater extent than antecedent soil moisture.

Urban grönstruktur är en viktig komponent för både ett trivsamt och hälsosamt samhälle. Eftersom 85% av Sveriges befolkning bor i städer och urbana miljöer påverkar stadsmiljöns utformning över 8,5 miljoner människors dagliga liv. Med flertalet politiska mål och krav om en god bebyggd miljö vilar ett stort ansvar på kommunernas planering och stadsutveckling. Idag finns flera forskningsrapporter kring grönskans effekt på folkhälsan och samtliga visar att urban grönstruktur exempelvis kan reducera stress, öka fysisk aktivitet och stärka den sociala gemenskapen. Syftet med denna undersökning är att få en större förståelse för hur grönstruktur kan planeras för att förbättra folkhälsan. Arbetet är avgränsat till den kommunala nivån och en fallstudie har gjorts på Lunds kommun. Underlaget till rapporten har inhämtats genom en dokumentstudie av ett av kommunens styrdokument samt intervjuer med kommunala tjänstepersoner. Empirin analyseras utifrån tidigare forskning och gällande nationella mål och riktlinjer. Studien visar att det finns många kopplingar mellan urban grönstruktur och folkhälsa och kunskapen om dessa börjar öka. I Lunds kommun är det dock främst på en strategisk och övergripande nivå som frågan om grönstruktur och folkhälsa tas upp. Implementeringen i det vardagliga och konkreta arbetet har ännu inte nått någon större utsträckning. Ett systematiskt arbete med frågorna saknas och de kommunala tjänstepersonerna identifierar en metodbrist och önskar ett tydligare ramverk som förenklar arbetssättet. En slutsats som kan dras är att grönstruktur och folkhälsa börjar få uppmärksamhet i Lunds kommuns planeringsarbete, men bör utvecklas vidare och implementeras mer systematiskt. / Urban green structure is an important component of a pleasant and healthy society. Since over 85% of Sweden’s population live in cities and urban areas, the urban environment affects over 8,5 million people’s daily lives. With a variety of political goals and requirements concerning the built environment, the local planning authorities carry a great responsibility to create cities and towns that make good living spaces for all citizens. Today there are many research papers on how greenery affects the public health, and all of them show that urban green structure for example can reduce stress, increase physical activity and strengthen the social community.The aim of this thesis is to acquire a greater understanding of how green structure can be planned to increase public health. The study is restricted to the work by local authorities and Lunds Kommun has been chosen as study case. The report is based on a study of the municipality’s document “Grönprogram” as well as interviews with employees at Lunds Kommun. The results that were gathered have been analyzed using previous studies and national goals and guidelines. The findings show that there are many connections between urban green structure and public health, and the knowledge of these links are beginning to spread wide. However, in the work done by the municipality of Lund, greenery and public health is mainly dealt with on a strategic and general level. The implementation of it in practical, everyday work has not yet reached any further extension. A systematic work with these questions does not exist and the communal officers identify a lack of appropriate methods to do so. They wish for a clearer and more practical guide to facilitate their work. A conclusion that can be made is that green structure and public health is starting to get attention by the local authority’s planners but should be developed further and be used more systematically.

Public health is an essential urban issue attracting the increasing attention of scholars and decision-makers while urban planning is an important mechanism to promote health since mounting evidence has shown the planning elements, such as urban green spaces (UGS), could have a positive influence. In previous literature, the studies concerning the impacts of UGSs can be divided into two aspects: the first is to reveal the relationships between UGSs and health using statistical models based on self-reported data, while the second is to take their relationships as presumption and visualize the spatial distributions of UGSs in a geographical information system (GIS) to indicate the existence of health inequalities. I attempt to combine the two pathways, using GIS-based analyses to quantify and visualize UGSs, and subsequently employing the quantified indicators of UGSs to calculate their associations with public health by multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis in SPSS. The study describes a detailed methodology that could be taken as a generic approach to analyze other urban elements and services. A case study is conducted in Linköping central urban area with base areas selected as the spatial unit of analysis. As a consequence, although the elaborate relationships between different indicators of UGSs and public health are not directly provided by the regression models, the correlations between them are indicated to be weak and subtle and require larger samples to reveal. Potential improvements, including the application of panel data and other kinds of regression models, are also summarized for further research.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第24908号 / 農博第2571号 / 新制||農||1102(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 柴田 昌三, 教授 北島 薫, 教授 小杉 賢一朗 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

As urban health challenges grow worldwide, the need for usable green space in cities also increases. Sedentary lifestyles, crowded urban areas, and the COVID-19 pandemic have all contributed to the need for more outdoor exercise space in recent years for all ages and communities. An assessment of green exercise space qualities and an identification of factors that determine how green spaces are used for exercise could lead to improved green spaces, increased use of those spaces and better overall physical activity and health outcomes for all population groups. Qualitative analysis of Malmö’s green exercise spaces examines the qualities of green spaces identified by the perceptions of residents in neighborhoods across the city, and then uses those perceptions in conjunction with determinants of green space use to find opportunities to make green spaces in the city more attractive and usable for exercise. Two interviews with officials from Malmö city government illustrate the city’s perspective of designing and creating green spaces. The determinants of use for green spaces are examined and analyzed based on the interview responses. These responses were analyzed using the Affordances and Determinants framework to find opportunities to make more high-quality use out of current green exercise spaces. A thematic analysis of city planning documents also provides longitudinal context to the topic. Barriers to accessibility and use of green exercise spaces were identified, as well as findings that would allow the city of Malmö to work more closely with residents to create usable green exercise spaces for all.