Forty songs are randomly selected from four randomly selected maqams. Songs are restricted to be in sofyan us&uuml / l (sofyan rhythmic form) to check the statistical significance. Next, fractal dimensions of the these songs are calculated by using two different method and two different scattering diagrams. In the first method, fractal dimensions are calculated via two different box sizes. As for second method, successively decreased box sizes are used. In addition, standard deviation and mean values of the fractal dimensions are calculated to check the relation between fractal dimension and maqam. T test and F test are applied to check the statistical significance. After these calculations, it is verified that fractal dimension can be used as an information source concerning the Turkish art music songs which are nonlinear dynamical systems. Moreover, it is showed that maqams can have their own fractal dimension for low resolutions. On the other hand, it is seen that for high resolutions all songs have almost same fractal dimension.

<p>Background: With an increased global market, where companies seek capital abroad, the demand for a more uniform accounting standard has been raised. This uniform accounting standard is not yet available, differences between accounting standards still exists. Several Swedish companies seek risk capital in the USA and some are part of a concern that is listed on the American stock exchange. This means that the Securities and Exchange Commission requires the companies to do a reconciliation to US GAAP on those items that are considered material. This can be an extensive work for the companies if the knowledge about the differences between Swedish GAAP and US GAAP does not exist. </p><p>Purpose: The purpose with this essay is to describe Swedish GAAP and US GAAP and experienced differences between them, and identify items that should be taken into consideration at a reconciliation. Further we have the purpose to examine the meaning of the expression material and how that affects what items that are chosen for reconciliation, and to create a model for analysis of what items are material. </p><p>Accomplishment: We have done a research among an assortment of Swedish companies that do a reconciliation of their reports to US GAAP. The purpose of the research have been to identify differences between Swedish GAAP and US GAAP and which ones that are considered material and therefore should be reconciled. We have then described the identified differences and what effect those differences have from the view of a case company. The case company is Sydkraft ÖstVärme that are part of a German group that are listed on the American stock exchange and therefore are affected by US GAAP accounting. </p><p>Results: Through the information from the research we have created a guideline that could be used as help when doing reconciliation. This guideline consists partly of a model of how an analysis of material items could function when choosing reconciliation items and partly of a compilation of the differences that have been identified and how they should be treated.</p>

Die Arbeit untersucht den gesellschaftlichen Umbruch in der Spitzenstadt Plauen vom Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges bis zur Gründung der DDR. Detailliert und mit zahlreichen Beispielen unterlegt wird die Entnazifizierung in ihren verschiedenen Phasen bis zum offiziellen Abschluss im März 1948 dargestellt. Parallel zur politischen Säuberung vollzieht die Studie die personellen und strukturellen Reformen in der Stadtverwaltung ebenso wie im Schulwesen nach. Wesentliche Besonderheit dabei für Plauen: Hier war die SED von 1946 bis 1950 in der Stadtverorndetenversammlung in der Minderheit, zudem stellte die LDP den Oberbürgermeister, was den Transformationsprozess von einer Diktatur in eine andere zumindest erschwerte. Für die Wirtschaft waren in den Nachkriegsjahren im stark zerstörten Plauen Trümmerberäumung und Wiederaufbauarbeiten prägend. Der Neubeginn in Industrie und Handwerk wurde maßgeblich behindert durch Demontagen und schier unerfüllbare Arbeitskräfte-Anforderungen der Sowjets für die Wismut. Der Schulbetrieb begann im Herbst 1945 unter katastrophalen materiellen und räumlichen Bedingungen. Ab dem Schuljahr 1946/47 griff das Konzept der Einheitsschule. Die Entnazifizierung schlug hier besonders hart durch, so dass die Neulehrerausbildung seit Anfang 1946 immer mehr an Bedeutung gewann. Dabei wurde besonderer Wert auf den "politischen" Lehrer gelegt.

Low relief, heavily human-impacted landscapes like those of the Prairies in south-central Canada have received little attention in previous hydrological research. Here, the rainfall-runoff relationship in the context of both a field-based investigation and an empirical model is examined in an effort to provide insight into Prairie hydrology. Rainfall and water level data were collected for nested sub-watersheds of the Catfish Creek watershed, a 642 km2, near-level, mixed land use and engineered Prairie watershed. First, the dataset is examined for runoff controls. Second, the history of the United States Curve Number Method is reviewed and its initial abstraction ratio examined against collected field data to determine the applicability of a single, constant ratio to Prairie landscapes. Overall, the results indicate that Prairie runoff generation processes differ significantly from those of humid, pristine catchments of higher relief and a conceptual model is proposed with that regards.

Within the United States Army, it is estimated that as many as 10,000 soldiers are Muslim. However, in 2008, only 3,086 active duty personnel self-identified as Muslim. Following the attacks of September 11 and more recently, the 2009 Fort Hood shooting, there has been a marked shift in the general public’s perception toward Muslim citizens, and for American soldiers whom are Muslim; they have been placed in incredibly difficult circumstances. In this report, I aim to document the experiences of soldiers who are Muslim within the U.S. Armed Forces, and report on their struggles, successes and lives, in an era when Islamic terrorist and extremist groups are considered to be the United States nemesis. A vast majority of soldiers never encounter prejudice or experience religious or ethnic discrimination, but some do. And for soldiers who face prejudice in the military based on their religion or ethnicity, there is often little internal protection available from the higher chain of command. The problem may be relatively small in scope with regard to the number of soldiers affected on a daily basis, but fundamentally important constitutional rights are at stake in these cases of institutional lack of protection / text

This dissertation begins with a simple set of questions: how and why did the Western discipline of psychiatry gain traction in the Republic of Korea? My answers point to the Korean War and the US-ROK alliance as the two most important factors enabling this phenomenon. / East Asian Languages and Civilizations

This thesis analyses the legal status and the importance of short titles in the legislative processes of the Westminster Parliament, the Scottish Parliament, and the US Congress. Through a large quantitative survey of US short titles that spanned over 30 years and 18 Congresses, it was demonstrated that there has been a paradigm shift in the way the US Congress titles its bills, in which it transitioned from a largely descriptive, technical style to a wider range of styles, among which a more explicitly evocative style became both acceptable and frequently used. Such titles are permeating the legislative process and the US statute book with what I argue is overly political language, and are blurring the lines between proselytizing and what has historically been regarded as a formally descriptive (not political) element of legislative drafting. Conversely, save for a few choice titles, the Westminster Parliament and Scottish Parliament continue to employ mostly descriptive short titles, similar to the previously innocuous style of the US Congress. From a contemporary and historical perspective in all three jurisdictions, the short titles of bills have been viewed as relatively insignificant reference points for those engaged and/or interacting with legislation from a drafting, legislative process or larger legal or political perspective, and have subsequently received little attention in the academic community. By employing a comparative research approach primarily focused on a cross-disciplinary literature review and hypothesis testing through three empirical projects, this thesis draws upon both qualitative and quantitative methods of research to answer the primary research questions. The main empirical method used was a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with lawmakers, staffers, bill drafters, government officials and media members from all three jurisdictions. Although the legal status of short bill titles in each jurisdiction differed, many individuals from each jurisdiction viewed short bill titles as a considerably important part of the lawmaking process. Also, to varying degrees in each jurisdiction, interviewees repeatedly offered the opinion that short titles: may affect a bill’s chances of becoming law; are at times misleading; serve as more than referential points; at times may pressure legislators to vote for a bill; may be used as framing devices; and sometimes employ language that is not justified during the legislative process. These support the proposition that short titles have legislative process and political implications. The interviews support the legislative process analysis of the three jurisdictions that Chapter IV discusses, which is that the Scottish Parliament operates with the strictest regulations in regards to short title accuracy. In addition to being the only jurisdiction studied that openly endorses a ‘proper form’ in which bills must be drafted (which explicitly mentions short titles), many Scottish interviewees stated that such titles were important in the legislative process for different reasons than US and Westminster interviewees, stressing descriptive legal accuracy and taking care in regard to bill scope, among other concerns. The thesis’ quantitative survey portion includes separate surveys and sample populations from the US and Scotland. Though data collection was marred by an error in the US, thus hindering the analysis of such data, the Scottish results suggested that short bill titles may have psychological effects when analysing the favourability of proposals: all four evocative naming types produced higher favourability ratings than bland titles, and some results were statistically significant. However, the naming types were not statistically significant in assessing why the measure was supported or whether participants desired more information on bills. In response to the absence of short bill title standards in the US Congress and Westminster Parliament, and with the aim of describing how the Scottish Parliament standards might be made more thorough, the thesis provides short title recommendations that are suitable for all three jurisdictions. These recommendations largely accentuate proper form for language and processes in order to ensure short title accuracy, and have the potential, if applied consistently, to significantly reduce the chances of overtly political or evocative language entering the country’s legislative processes or statute books. While acknowledging that in all three institutions studied short bill titling may be in many respects a small aspect of the monumental and lengthy policy process, this thesis advances the proposition that it is considerably important to those who interact with and encounter legislation frequently, and that preventing evocative language from entering short bill titles is a benefit for the legislative processes of all three jurisdictions.

Entre 2005 y 2010 cerca de 1.4 millones de inmigrantes mexicanos regresaron a México. Aunque las razones de su regreso varían, es innegable que hay una creciente tendencia en lo que ahora es conocido como migración de retorno (MATT, 2014). Esta investigación cualitativa, tiene como propósito identificar características del desarrollo de lenguaje (español e inglés), el desarrollo social y el capital académico de los estudiantes con experiencia educativa previa en los Estados Unidos de América y que están inscritos en las escuelas de Sonora. Estudiantes y padres de familia que por un periodo de tiempo vivieron en ese país y ahora residen en tres distintas ciudades de la entidad dan su testimonio y, junto con el de los profesores se analizan las implicaciones educativas de esta migración de retorno bajo la perspectiva del transnacionalismo. Se busca volver visibles a estos estudiantes que cada vez adquieren mayor presencia en nuestras aulas, a través de la valoración de su capital social y académico y hacer propuestas educativas pertinentes acorde a sus necesidades multiculturales. Se reconocen las particularidades propias de esta región Sonora-Arizona, permiten por sus características geográficas, económicas y sociales, generar un enfoque enriquecido de redes transnacionales en favor del fortalecimiento de la identidad, el desarrollo económico y social. (Between 2005 and 2010 about 1,4 millions of people of Mexican immigrant returned to Mexico. Although their reasons are different, it is undeniable a growing tendency in what nowadays is known a return migration (MATT, 2014). This research aims to recognize qualitatively the social and language (Spanish and English) development, along with the academic value in students in Sonora who have had previous schooling experience in the United States of America. Students and parents who lived for a period of time in the US and now they live in three different cities in Sonora are some of the participants. Through their testimonies along with teachers this research explains the process of return migration to Mexico linked to the approach of transnationalism. The study focuses in making visible the increasing presence of these students in Mexican schools by giving value to their social and academic capital, as well as introduces educational proposals that are suitable to the student’s multicultural needs. The geographic, economic and social characteristics of the Sonora-Arizona region allows and generates a focal point abundant of transnational networks that favors the enrichment of identity, social and economic development.)

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Rachel Corrie was a young American woman who died at the age of twenty-three in Gaza in 2003. She was killed when an Israeli Occupation Force bulldozer ran over her while she was defending a Palestinian house from demolition. Her martyr's death, combined with the force of her descriptions of her experiences as an activist in Palestine, not only provoked response from other activists; it became material for a number of theatrical projects, among them productions by the Royal Court Theatre in London, Bread and Puppet Theatre in the US, and in a production I recently wrote and directed here in New Zealand. This thesis considers the example of Rachel Corrie's activism in Palestine and the theatrical performances it engendered in order to examine the role of theatre in and as an activist project. The theatre is an important component of the ongoing movement for social change. It assembles temporary communities and it portrays issues in ways that are both accessible and open to debate. But theatricality is just as often a key component of activist actions outside the theatre building: in street performances and demonstrations, and also in the way some activists can be seen to pursue their political objectives on a daily basis. Finally, the theatre is a material act of production which can challenge the dominant model of production and thus has the potential to be become an activist project as itself. As a result of my analyses of this material, I hope to provide a framework of understanding both for myself and others, of the likely role of theatre in and as an activist project, and this understanding will be of assistance in the cultural task of shifting beliefs in the movement for social change. The key theorists used in this thesis are Walter Benjamin and Raymond Williams.