Submitted by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-30T17:44:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Milena Torres de Aguiar.pdf: 1266758 bytes, checksum: daad4f316304632c6467ebeadbf5f5c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-30T18:01:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Milena Torres de Aguiar.pdf: 1266758 bytes, checksum: daad4f316304632c6467ebeadbf5f5c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T18:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Milena Torres de Aguiar.pdf: 1266758 bytes, checksum: daad4f316304632c6467ebeadbf5f5c7 (MD5) / Baseados na Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso, estudamos a construção SNLoc atributiva em uso no português contemporâneo, que resulta da forte integração de suas subpartes – SN e pronome adverbial locativo. Numa perspectiva pancrônica, tomamos como base o Corpus do Português, para a análise das sincronias do século XIV ao XIX, e o Corpus Discurso & Gramática, para investigarmos os usos do século XX. Através desses corpora, realizamos um estudo prioritariamente qualitativo, mas também quantitativo, dos usos de SNLoc, e com esse levantamento, comprovamos a hipótese de que SNLoc atributiva é um membro marginal da classe dos nomes do português, resultante de construcionalização lexical. A mudança linguística de que resulta tal esquema se inicia em contextos atípicos, nos usos dêiticos mais referenciais, como os dêiticos físicos (“quando eu tinha três anos... eu caí... aí tá até a cicatriz aqui...”) e os dêiticos catafóricos (“eu pretendo fazer um outro curso aí na universidade”). Através de usos como os dêiticos anafóricos (“tem uma passagem assim maneira da cozinha pra sala... com um balcãozinho... que a gente vai fazer um bar ali”) e os dêiticos virtuais (“deixa o açúcar ficar moreno... aí bota o óleo... aí vai... bota a galinha... aí deixa a galinha lá...”), que configuram contextos críticos, sequências linguísticas em que surgem ambiguidades de sentido e forma, chega-se à construção SNLoc atributiva, em um contexto de isolamento. São casos como: “daí começaram a correr ... a correr ... a correr e o homem atrás dele ... daí depois ... ele pegou uma moça lá toda doida ...” Nessa construção há a cliticização do locativo, que se entrincheira ao SN, formando um novo esquema construcional da língua, no nível do léxico. Assim, o locativo unido ao SN assume um sentido de imprecisão e indefinição, distinto de seu sentido original, e juntos constituem a construção híbrida SNLoc atributiva, um novo par forma e sentido, um esquema de tipo endocêntrico, complexo, produtivo e parcialmente composicional, resultado de construcionalização lexical. A macroconstrução SNLoc atributiva, que tem uso recorrente no português contemporâneo, através de construtos de microconstruções, motivados por contextos semântico-pragmáticos específicos, tem produtividade maior na modalidade falada, em registros mais informais e em sequências de fundo narrativo. / Based on Usage-Based Linguistics, we study the SNLoc attributive construction in use in contemporary Portuguese, resulting from the strong integration of its subparts - SN and locative adverbial pronoun. In a panchronic perspective, it is taken as basis the Corpus of Portuguese, for the analysis of synchronicities of the fourteenth century to the nineteenth, and the Corpus Discurso & Gramática, to investigate the uses of the twentieth century. Through these corpora, we carried out a primarily qualitative, but also quantitative study of SNLoc uses, and with this survey, we confirmed the hypothesis that SNLoc attributive is a marginal member of the class of Portuguese names, resulting from lexical constructionalization. The linguistic change that results such scheme starts in untypical contexts, in deictic uses more references, such as physical deictic (“when I was three years old ... I fell ... so there is even the scar here...”) and cataphoric deictic (“I plan to do another course there at the university”). Through uses as anaphoric deictic (“there is a nice passageway from the kitchen to the living room ... with a small balcony ... that we will make a bar there”) and virtual deictic (“let the sugar turns brown ... then put the oil ... so on ... put the chicken ... then let the chicken there...”), which constitute critical contexts, linguistic sequences that arise ambiguities of meaning and form, it reaches to the SNLoc attributive construction, in an isolating context. There are cases like: “then started running ... running ... running and the man behind him ... then ... then he took a girl there totally crazy ... " In this contruction there is the cliticization of the locative, which entrenches to the SN, forming a new constructional scheme in the language, in the lexical level. Thus, the locative joint to the SN assumes a meaning of vagueness and uncertainty, distinct from its original meaning, and together constitute the hybrid SNLoc attributive construction, a new pair form and meaning, a endocentric type scheme, a complex, productive and partially compositional scheme, the result of lexical constructionalization. The SNLoc attributive macroconstruction, having recurrent use in contemporary Portuguese through constructs of microconstructions, motivated by semantic-pragmatic specific contexts, has increased productivity in spoken form, in more informal records and background narrative sequences.

No description available.

With the availability of frequency dictionaries, such as Alameda and Cuetos (1995) or the Corpus del Español (2002), it is now possible to explore the effects of frequency on linguistic items. The following is a study exploring the effects of frequency on Spanish affixed words. While the debate of dual-route versus single-route processing continues, the results of this study suggest that L2 Spanish speakers use a dual-route model and decompose morphologically complex words when the base frequency is higher than the surface frequency. L2 Spanish speakers perceive derived words with a higher base frequency as more complex than derived words with a lower base frequency. The results of this study do not suggest the same process occurs for native Spanish speakers. When asked to identify the more complex word of a pair, native Spanish speakers are just as likely to select the derived word with a lower base frequency as they are to select the derived word with a higher base frequency suggesting a single-route model.

It has been suggested that the semantics of some metaphoricalmotion constructions is related to the deixis of the verbs involved. In accordance with the directions of movement, metaphorical go is said to be associated with deterioration ( go rotten etc.) and metaphorical come – with improvement ( come true etc (cf. Quirk et al. 1985: 1174). The paper at hand aims at empirically testing this assumption from a usage-based construction grammar perspective. It analyses metaphorical-motion constructions from the BNC whose verb-slot is filled by the motion verbs go , come and run followed by an adjective, using the methods of collostruction analysis (cf. Gries and Stefanowitsch 2004a). On the basis of the quantitative analyses carried out, the semantic preferences of the three verbs are determined, compared and related to the deictic aspects involved in the verb meanings. The verb run was selected as a ‘control verb’, since it does not exhibit any deictic aspect of meaning. All three verb constructions are found to exhibit semantic preferences, and, since deixis is absent in run , other aspects are discussed which may motivate such associations. Finally, the results of the data analyses are inspected for what they can say about the emergence of semantic prosodies ‘colouring’ the verbs in the respective constructions.

The purpose of this research paper was to explore if the adverbial phrase but at least (BAL) is a construction and if any constraints could be identified. To be able to determine a classification, the research focused on finding syntactic and semantic patterns, investigating the definition of constructions as being non-predictable and usage-based. The research was a corpus-based study, analyzing 200 tokens that were extracted from the Corpus of Contemporary American English.The tokens were analyzed by coding them by syntactic features, the semantic use of BAL and the semantics of the whole sentence. The result demonstrated that the BAL-phrase is a construction as a syntactic pattern could be determined, the semantic use of BAL indicates that it is usage-based and it incorporates non-compositional meanings. Furthermore, three constraints could be identified.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der für die allgemeine Wissenschaftssprache des Deutschen charakteristische Bereich der figurativen Verben im Rahmen eines gebrauchsbasierten Ansatzes unter Verwendung korpuslinguistischer Methoden empirisch erfasst und beschrieben. Auf der Grundlage dieser Untersuchung wird ein integrativer Ansatz zur Erfassung und Beschreibung zentraler Wortschatzbereiche der allgemeinen Wissenschaftssprache entwickelt. Das so gewonnene integrative Beschreibungsmodell verbindet die Perspektiven bisheriger quantitativ-bestandsbezogener und bedeutungsorientiert-einheitenbezogener Ansätze und bezieht darüber hinaus sowohl formale als auch inhaltlich-funktionale Aspekte als Gliederungsprinzipien für die zu beschreibenden Wortschatzbereiche mit ein. Methodisch zeichnet es sich durch das Ineinandergreifen von korpusgesteuertem und korpusbasiertem Vorgehen aus. Die Ausarbeitung der Komponenten des Beschreibungsmodells wird auf mehreren Ebenen vorgelegt: Diese werden im ersten Kapitel zunächst ausgehend von einer Bestandsaufnahme vorliegender Arbeiten zur Beschreibung allgemein-wissenschaftlichen Wortschatzes formuliert. Im zweiten Kapitel werden sie im Rahmen eines gebrauchsbasierten Modells der Sprachbeschreibung, der Kognitiven Grammatik Langackers, sprachtheoretisch fundiert. Methodisch eingelöst findet sich diese theoretische Fundierung in den korpuslinguistischen Untersuchungen zu figurativen Verben, die Gegenstand der Kapitel drei und vier sind. Im fünften Kapitel werden die dabei gewonnenen Ergebnisse zu einer formbasiert-funktionalen Typologie figurativer Verben zusammengeführt. Kapitel sechs zeigt die mit dem vorgeschlagenen Ansatz verbundenen Transfermöglichkeiten zur Erfassung und Beschreibung anderer Bereiche des allgemein-wissenschaftlichen Wortschatzes auf. Kapitel sieben ordnet den Untersuchungsgegenstand der figurativen Verben und das entwickelte Beschreibungsmodell aus fremdsprachendidaktischer Perspektive ein und skizziert einen Vorschlag zur Vermittlung allgemein-wissenschaftlichen Wortschatzes. / Verbs like ‘ausgehen von’, ‘beziehen auf’ or ‘darstellen’ that contain semantically concrete basic verbs (gehen, ziehen, stellen) form an essential part of German general academic vocabulary, i.e. vocabulary that is used across disciplines. Adopting a corpus linguistic approach, the study develops a comprehensive description of these ‚figurative verbs‘. Based on a data-driven methodology it investigates the properties of this lexis and shows that figurative verbs containing typical recurring forms like -stellen, -führen, -gehen and others are highly relevant from a quantitative point of view. On the basis of the most prominently recurring formal parts, a core inventory of verbs is collected and described with respect to the areas of meaning expressed as well as regarding aspects of polysemy. Based on the empirical study, a model for the identification and description of vocabulary is developed, that integrates the hitherto separated quantitative - inventory based and meaning oriented - unit based perspectives. Moreover, it brings together aspects regarding form and function as means of structuring the vocabulary under description. Methodically, the model builds on a combination of the corpus-driven and the corpus-based approach. The model is elaborated as follows: In Chapter 1, important aspects of description that the model should meet are identified based on a survey of existing work on general academic language. Chapter 2 provides a linguistic foundation within the framework of usage-based language description. In particular, it draws on Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar, from which the concepts of linguistic unit and construal are adopted. Chapters 3 and 4 present the corpus linguistic investigations on figurative verbs. In Chapter 5, the empirical results are brought together in a form- as well as function-based typology of figurative verbs. Chapter 6 synthesizes the findings into a model and shows possibilities of application of the proposed approach to other areas of general academic vocabulary. Finally, Chapter 7 summarizes the results from the perspective of language pedagogy and outlines a proposal for the teaching of general academic vocabulary.

Les résultats obtenus en psycholinguistique via des études perceptives sur le traitement de la consonne de liaison montrent que le traitement de ce phénomène complexe n’est qu’imparfaitement prédit par les différentes théories phonologiques dans lesquelles il a été intégré de manière explicite. C’est pourquoi nous proposons dans cette thèse, qui s’inscrit dans une perspective résolument nouvelle, d’envisager la liaison du point de vue de la production et de la formaliser dans le cadre de la Phonologie articulatoire de Browman et Goldstein (1986). Ce modèle présente l’avantage d’une organisation directe entre phonologie et phonétique en utilisant une seule unité qui sert à la fois de primitive phonologique et d’unité d’action motrice dans la production de la parole : le geste articulatoire. Nous supposons que le statut phonologique de « segment flottant » proposé pour la consonne de liaison dans le cadre de la phonologie autosegmentale (Clements & Keyser, 1985 ; Encrevé 1988) puisse trouver un corrélat au niveau articulatoire et puisse être observé et mesuré expérimentalement. L’analyse qui vient à l’appui de cette hypothèse compare la consonne de liaison avec la consonne initiale de mot dans des contextes vocaliques identiques au moyen de mesures électro-palatographiques. Nos résultats suggèrent que la consonne de liaison est soumise à une modification quantitative des caractéristiques dynamiques qui lui sont associés. Les mouvements des articulateurs ainsi que les relations entre les gestes consonantique et vocalique sont ré-échelonnés en fonction de la position qu’occupe la consonne de manière graduelle. / Perceptual studies in the field of psycholinguistics on the processing of the liaison consonant have shown that this complex phenomenon is not perfectly predicted by the different phonological theories in which it has been explicitly integrated. In this thesis, we propose to investigate liaison from a totally new perspective, that is from a production point of view, and to formalise this phenomenon in the framework of Browman and Goldstein (1986)’s Articulatory Phonology. This model is advantageous as it provides a direct connection between phonology and phonetics where only one unit is used both as a phonological primitive and as a unit of motor action in speech production, that is articulatory gesture. In the Framework of autosegmental phonology (Clements & Keyser, 1985 ; Encrevé 1988), the phonological status of the liaison consonant is considered to be a floating segment. In this thesis, we hypothesise that there is a correlate at the articulatory level that can be observed and experimentally measured. This hypothesis is tested by comparing the liaison consonant with the word-initial consonant in identical vowel contexts by using electro-palatographical measurements.Results suggest that the liaison consonant is subjected to a quantitative modification of the dynamic caracteristics which are associated with it. The articulator movements, as well as the relations between consonant and vowel gestures, are gradually re-scaled according to the consonant position.

No description available.

就筆者所觀察，至今有關日語動轉名詞之研究大都僅止於語義分類或是分析其句法現象，複合詞語義擴張之結構與因詞彙複合所產生的選擇制約(selectional restriction)之原因尚未闡明。然而，透過認知語意學之基模、理想化認知模組等，我們可以正確掌握在論元結構或是詞彙概念結構所無法得知之信息，如以下三點。 1. 複合詞的多義現象 2. 複合詞的選擇限制 3. 複合詞的句法特徵 　　首先，複合詞的多義現象所指的是同一個形態帶有兩種或兩種以上語義之詞彙，如「歯磨き」。在以往的研究皆被視為是動詞語基轉為名詞時所發生之現象，筆者則主張本現象是起因於轉喻。 　　其次，選擇限制所指的是如「?洗剤を水割りで使う」、「?部屋で立ち読みする」、「??こんにゃくを輪切りにする」之類，未必不合語法但會令人感到不自然之用法。本論文將由「命名功能」來探討此現象。 　　最後，複合詞的句法特徵所指的是，詞彙結構雖同樣能夠分解為「內部論元＋動詞」或「附加語＋動詞」，卻未必能夠與「-する」結合來做為一個動詞使用之現象。 　　以上三點中特別是1和2在先前研究中幾乎未被提及。筆者認為此二點在動轉名詞中尚有待研究。因此，本論文將藉由認知語意學之方法來嘗試提出新的構詞模式。 / In this paper, I attempt to interpret some phenomena of deverbal nouns in Japanese as shown following, by the method of cognitive semantics. 1. The polysemy of deverbal nouns 2. The selectional restriction of deverbal nouns 3. The syntactic characteristics of deverbal nouns At first, I will explain the polysemy of deverbal nouns as the lexicon “Hamigaki”, which is considered as a phenomenon of conversion of the base verb, is due to metonymy. Second, I will make an explanation about the selectional restriction of deverbal nouns such as “? Senzaiwo mizuwaride tsukau”, “? Heyade tachiyomi suru”, “??Konnyakuwo wagirini suru”, which are easy to be regarded unnatural but not ungrammatical usage via “naming function”. Last, I will discuss the relation of the affix “-suru” and deverbal nouns which can be analyzed to “theme + verb” or “adjunct + verb”.

La Théorie Usage et Construction (TUC) postule que l’enfant développe son langage, et plus précisément ses formes morphosyntaxiques, grâce à l’utilisation de processus cognitifs généraux qui permettent un mécanisme de complexification et de généralisation de ses propres productions ainsi que de celles issues de l’input. L’approche cognitivo-fonctionnelle n’a été appliquée à la dysphasie que dans peu d’études. De plus, l'acquisition de la syntaxe complexe chez l'enfant dysphasique est un domaine délaissé dans la littérature existante. Ainsi, dans ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux difficultés des enfants dysphasiques pour la complexité morphosyntaxique à travers la lunette de la TUC, et ce en utilisant à les fois des tâches expérimentales et des situations de génération de langage spontané. Nous postulions que la complexité, concept au cœur de notre travail, est définie par ce qui est cognitivement coûteux, désignant ainsi les formes linguistiques rares, longues ou imbriquées. Notre travail met en évidence que les enfants dysphasiques peuvent être productifs seulement avec les schémas fréquents dans le langage qui leur est adressé, alors que les structures complexes, peu fréquentes dans l’input, sont particulièrement difficiles à appréhender pour eux. Dès lors, ces enfants ont besoin d’être confrontés à davantage d’exemplaires et de contextes de pratique pour que la masse critique suffisante soit atteinte et que l’apprentissage de constructions soit possible. Enfin, un lien relativement clair entre la difficulté de complexification syntaxique et les troubles de la généralisation est mis en évidence. / The Construction and Usage-based Theory (CUT) argues that children develop their language, and more precisely morphosyntactic structures, thanks to the use of general cognitive processes by complexifying and generalizing their own prior productions and productions used in the input. These hypotheses have been tested in children with specific language impairment (SLI) in very few studies. Moreover, development of complex syntax is a little studied area in the literature. Thus, the current doctoral thesis focused on complex syntax difficulties of children with SLI using spontaneous language samples and experimental tasks. This work defines complexity as linguistics forms which are rare, long or nested and more generally cognitively costly. The results obtained show that children with SLI use frequent forms heard in the input productively, whereas complex forms, which are rare in the input are difficult for them. These children need to be exposed to more exemplars and practice settings to reach critical mass and making possible learning of constructions. Finally, this current doctoral thesis highlights a relatively obvious link between complex syntax difficulties and lack of generalization of construction schemas.