Aerodynamic measurements were taken over models of the Boeing 777 high fidelity isolated landing gear in the 6- by 6-foot Virginia Tech Stability Wind Tunnel (VT-SWT) at a free-stream Mach number of 0.16. Noise control devices (NCD) were developed at Virginia Tech [9] to reduce noise by shielding gear components, reducing wake interactions and by streamlining the flow around certain landing gear components. Aerodynamic measurements were performed to understand the flow over the landing gear and also changes in the flow between "Baseline" and "NCD" configurations (without and with Noise Control Devices respectively). Hot-film, Pitot-static measurements and flow visualization using tufts were performed over an isolated 26% scale-model high fidelity landing gear for the "Baseline" and "NCD" configurations. Contours of turbulence intensity, normalized wake velocity and normalized total pressure loss for both configurations are compared. The "Baseline" configuration was also compared with the NASA Ames study conducted by Horne et al [7]. Hot-film measurements are also compared to Microphone Phased Array results which were acquired at Virginia Tech by Ravetta [8]. A novel technique for processing hot-film measurements by breaking turbulence into octave bands as acoustic measurements is presented. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements were taken at six different locations over the 13% scale-model landing gear with no door and at a truck angle of zero degrees. Results are compared to PIV measurements taken over the wheels of a four-wheel landing gear by Lazos [10-12]. PIV results such as average velocity contours and vectors, streamlines and instantaneous velocity contours and vectors are presented. Results presented from PIV and flow visualization are in good agreement with results from Lazos [10-12]. / Master of Science

Purpose: In this study, we compared United States (US) and Taiwanese college students’ using alcohol, coping strategies, anxiety, and depression. Research Questions: 1. What were the differences in demographic characteristics, using alcohol, coping strategies, anxiety, and depression between US and Taiwanese college students? 2. What were the relationships between US and Taiwanese college students’ using alcohol, coping strategies, anxiety, and depression? 3. How much of US and Taiwanese college students’ anxiety and depression were predicted by their use of alcohol, coping strategies? Methods: Four hundred and one US and 180 Taiwanese college students were recruited in this study. This was a cross-sectional comparative research design. SPSS 28.0 was used to do the data analysis. The Descriptive data analysis, Chi-square tests, independent t-tests, Pearson Correlations, and Stepwise Multiple Regressions were used to examine the research questions. Results: More US college students were married, believed in Jesus Christ, had higher incomes, and were older than Taiwanese college students. Compared with Taiwanese college students, US college students had higher scores in using Problem-Focused Disengagement, but lower scores in Emotional-Focused coping strategies, depression, and using alcohol with negative emotions. The significant predictors for the US and Taiwanese college students’ anxiety and depression were using alcohol with negative emotion, using Problem-Focused Disengagement, using Emotion-Focused Engagement, and using Emotional-Focused Disengagement. Taiwanese college students had another significant predictor for depression which was Problem-Focused Engagement. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The significant factors associated with anxiety and depression were found in this study.

This thesis deals with the possibilities of using ICT in English language teaching at primary school. The theoretical part deals with the definition of the concept of ICT, ways of implementing ICT in teaching, further describes the possible advantages and disadvantages of using ICT in teaching at primary school and mentions the didactic functions of ICT and general education and language objectives supported by technologies. The practical part of this thesis presents ten specific activities using ICT in English language lessons at primary school. These activities are always properly described in terms of educational objectives, ways of their realization and in the end are reflected. Each activity was tested in practice in advance. The research carried out in this thesis deals with the use of ICT among teachers at an elementary school in Pilsen and reflects their opinion on technologies and their future in English language teaching at primary school.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri, School of Mines and Metallurgy, 1949. / Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Typescript. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed July 8, 2010) Includes bibliographical references (p. 65).

This Diploma Thesis is based on the Didactic Processing of the National Memorial at Vítkov in Prague for the Civic Education at Elementary School. The description of the building itself is both architectural, practical and functional, especially its use in the context of various periods of the Czechoslovak and Czech History of the Twentieth century. The theoretical part is created by information about the origin, history and use of the monument site and the building, as well as information about the use of the museum and other cultural monuments or important places in primary school education. The practical part of the Thesis contains a proposal for didactic use and is based on the design of an excursion to the National Memorial at Vítkov and the local museum exposition of the Crossroads of Czech and Czechoslovak Statehood, but also on the development of institutions of offered didactical materials and educational programs that can be visited here with children. The most important is the design of an interdisciplinary activities with the possibility of using the existing exposition for students of the second grade of primary schools and equivalent years of multi-year gymnasiums in Civic Education. The goal of the Thesis is to point out the importance of interesting places and cultural monuments in...

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High-speed ADC is essential in radio network systems for communications. However, accuracy is an important feature for them, their precision can be affected by minor discrepancies, e.g., offset voltage of comparators, which is a primary contributor to these discrepancies. This master thesis focuses on evaluating offset calibration techniques used for high-speed comparators. To start, a literature review is performed to learn about high-speed comparators and various offset calibration techniques, which helps to understand existing problems and new ideas in offset calibration. As the next step, evaluation and implementation of the reviewed literatures are done, which involves the implementation of schematics at the transistor level, where the calibration procedure's controller is implemented in Verilog-A. Finally, an extensive set of simulations, i.e., done by the electronic design automation tool, is conducted on the designed offset calibration techniques and how they affect the general operation of high-speed ADCs.  Among the reviewed calibration techniques, two discrete adjustment methods (trans-conductance and capacitive DAC) and three voltage-controlled methods (unbalanced clocks, second differential pair, and body bias) are implemented and evaluated. The discrete methods use digital circuits, which have large variations in step sizes due to mismatches, leading to higher offsets after calibration. Monte Carlo simulations are done to show this drawback clearly better. However, using thermometer code instead of the binary-weighted would help by making the step sizes more consistent, which yields better-offset calibration results. On the other hand, the voltage-controlled methods rely on external voltages, which require more design work because of the Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) units. During a calibration test with various input offsets, the 'Body Bias' technique exhibited the highest precision by achieving the smallest remaining offset.

Thesis (DPhil (Psychology))—University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation examines how nurses in primary health care in South Africa make use of guidelines. Primary level health care is reliant primarily on nurses, who are under-resourced and often overwhelmed by the complex needs of their clients in the context of the TB and HIV/AIDS epidemic. Despite various continuing education strategies to promote current and evidence-based practice, there are many barriers to providing optimal care. Clinical practice guidelines using best evidence are an important tool for updating health professionals in current practice, particularly at primary care level, where busy practitioners often do not have time or sufficient access to the best evidence. Despite this, we know little of the practitioners’ experiences of guideline use. This study describes experiences of nurses in implementing clinical practice guidelines in the delivery of health care in selected primary level contexts in the Free State Province. The primary research question for this study was “What are the experiences of nurses in using guidelines in primary health care facilities?” A qualitative research approach, drawing on a psychoanalytic framework, was adopted. Three linked studies were conducted, utilising secondary data analysis of transcripts collected during the PALSA (Practical approach to Lung Health in South Africa) RCT study (sub-study 1), document description and review of guidelines used in primary care settings (sub-study 2), observation of nurses in practice and during patient consultations, and focus group discussions with nurses in primary health care facilities (sub-study 3). After the introduction of new format guidelines with onsite training and access to good support and updates, nurses reported feeling more confident, as the guidelines were explicit and gave them clear direction as to when a patient would need referral to the medical practitioner. When the guidelines were followed, and the patient responded positively to an intervention, this gave nurses a sense of credibility and validated their role as primary level health care providers. Guidelines available in the primary care clinics covered a wide variety of clinical conditions, were inconsistent, often outdated and even contradictory. A detailed comparison of two selected guidelines, the South African TB control guidelines and the PALSA PLUS guidelines, both in everyday use in the Free State province, shows that the preferences expressed by the nurses in sub-study 1 are evident in the layout, colour, and user-friendliness of the PALSA PLUS guideline. Nurses in the Free State province do use guidelines, but not consistently. Nurses make clinical judgments and decisions based on experience, alternative knowledges and intuitive responses, in consultation with colleagues and through the use of guidelines. Very few guidelines were used regularly, and each nurse had her preferences for a limited number of guidelines which she found useful. There is a clear need for integrated approaches to the information needs and support of nurses and nurse practitioners at primary care level. Guidelines play a role in promoting learning, changing professional practice and strengthening health care delivery by nurse practitioners at primary level. They can also be thought of as a strategy the health care system uses to defend against the possibility of its health professionals not meeting its expectations of providing quality care. Guidelines may contain anxiety and improve the quality of care, or compromise practice through the imposition of controls. The use of guidelines in primary care settings facilitates decision making, may contain practitioner anxiety and improve the quality of care, yet guidelines pose challenges to creative discernment of the patient’s symptoms in relation to his/her personal circumstances and may impact on the personalised holistic care approach which characterises the essence of nursing. Today’s primary care nurse and nurse practitioner needs to be a competent clinician, compassionate carer, and confident co-ordinator – the overlapping roles of caring, diagnosing and treating and managing. The challenge for the nurse in primary care is to combine her traditional caring and co-ordination role into a role which encompasses curing, caring and co-ordination, a new, yet critically important identity for the 21st century nurse. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die proefskrif ondersoek hoe verpleegsters in primêre gesondheidsorg in Suid-Afrika van riglyne gebruik maak. Primêre vlak gesondheidsorg steun hoofsaaklik op verpleegsters, alhoewel hulle verswelg word deur die komplekse behoeftes van hul kliënte in die konteks van die TB en HIV/AIDS epidemie. Ten spyte van verskeie volgehoue onderrigstrategieë om die huidige en bewese basiese te bevorder, is daar verskeie struikelblokke om optimale versorging te voorsien. Kliniese praktyk riglyne voorsien die beste bewyse en is 'n belangrike hulpmiddel om praktiserende professionele gesondheidswerkers, veral op die vlak van primêre gesondheidsorg, op hoogte van sake te hou. Besige programme en onvoldoende toegang tot hierdie riglyne weerhou dikwels die gesondheidswerkers van bestaande inligting. Dit is egter onbekend wat gesondheidswerkers se ondervinding en gebruik van riglyne is. Die studie beskryf versorgers se ervaring van die implementering van kliniese praktyk riglyne vir gesondheidsorg in primêre vlak kontekste in die Vrystaatprovinsie. 'n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering wat steun op 'n psigoanalitiese raamwerk, is gebruik. Drie verbandhoudende studies is gedoen wat sekondêre data analise transkripsies gebruik het wat verkry is gedurende die PALSA (Practical Approach to Lung Health in South Africa): RCT (Willekeurig Gekontroleerde Toets) studie (sub-studie 1), beskrywing van dokumentasie en oorsig van riglyne wat in primêre vlak ontwikkeling gebruik is (sub-studie 2), en observasie van verpleegsters in die praktyk en gedurende konsultasies met pasiënte, en fokusgroep besprekings met verpleegsters in primêre vlak gesondheidsorg fasiliteite (sub-studie 3). Na die bekendstelling van 'n nuwe formaat riglyne vir indiensopleiding en toegang tot goeie ondersteuning, het die verpleegsters meer selfversekerd gevoel omdat die riglyne duideliker was en aan hulle 'n beter aanduiding gegee het wanneer 'n pasiënt verwysing na 'n mediese praktisyn benodig het. Wanneer die riglyne gevolg is en die pasiënt positief op behandeling gereageer het, het dit aan hulle 'n gevoel van agting en deug vir hulle rol in primêre vlak gesondheidsorg gegee het. Beskikbare riglyne in primêre sorg klinieke dek 'n wye verskeidenheid kliniese kondisies, is onsamehangend, dikwels verouderd en selfs soms weersprekend. 'n Gedetailleerde vergelyking is tussen twee geselekteerde riglyne gedoen: die Suid-Afrikaanse TB kontrole riglyne en die PALSA PLUS riglyne. Beide word daagliks in die Vrystaatprovinsie gebruik. Die verpleegsters in sub-studie 1 het a.g.v. die uitleg, kleur en gebruikersvriendelikheid die PALSA PLUS riglyne verkies. Verpleegsters in die Vrystaat gebruik wel riglyne maar nie op 'n gereelde grondslag nie. Hulle maak eerder kliniese keuses en besluite gebaseer op ondervinding, alternatiewe kennis en intuïtiewe gevoel, in konsultasie met kollegas en na bestudering van die riglyne. Baie min riglyne is gereeld gebruik, en elke verpleegster het haar voorkeure vir 'n beperkte aantal riglyne wat sy bruikbaar vind. Daar is 'n duidelike behoefte aan 'n geïntegreerde benadering tot die informasiebehoeftes en ondersteuning aan verpleegsters en praktisyns op primêre sorg vlak. Riglyne speel 'n belangrike rol in die bevordering van onderrig, verandering van professionele praktyke en die versterking van gesondheidsorg wat deur verpleegsters in primêre vlak gesondheidsorg gelewer kan word. Dit kan ook gesien word as 'n strategie wat die gesondheidsorgsisteem kan gebruik om te verseker dat gesondheidswerkers kwaliteit diens lewer. Riglyne kan moontlik angstigheid beperk en verhoogde versorgingskwaliteit bring, of dit kan gesondheidsorg benadeel deur die afdwing van kontrolemaatreëls. Die gebruik van riglyne in primêre sorg fasiliteer besluitneming, en mag dalk angstigheid by die praktisyn beperk, wat dan die kwaliteit van versorging kan verhoog. Riglyne bied uitdagings aan die kreatiewe oordeelsvermoë om die pasiënt se simptome te sien binne die konteks van sy/haar omstandighede en mag 'n impak hê op persoonlike holistiese versorging wat die aard en kern van verpleging is. Die huidige primêre sorg verplegingspraktisyn moet 'n bekwame klinikus, ontfermende versorger en betroubare koördineerder wees – met oorvleuelende rolle van versorging, diagnosering en behandeling, en bestuur. Die uitdaging vir die verpleegster in primêre sorg is om die tradisionele versorging en koördinering te kombineer tot 'n omvattende rol van genesing, versorging en koördinasie; 'n nuwe, maar krities-belangrike identiteit vir die 21ste-eeuse versorger.

一、研究目的 都市計劃中有關於土地使用強度的訂定缺乏一客觀且定量的標準，為了探討其於地區 發展中一較適的容積率的規定，遂引發著手研究在整個都市計劃中有關土地使用強度 的訂定依據，以求土地之最有效率的運用。 二、研究文獻 本研究主題主要的參考文獻有﹕ １•Land Use Control David E. Ervin ２•Ther Practice of Local Government Planning （１９７９）Arnold Eds. ３•實施土地使用分區管制規則對都市景觀、都市發展、居住密度、市民心理之影響 （７５•１１）經建會住都處 ４•臺灣地區都市土地混合使用與建築容積管制之研究（６７•７） 經建會住都處 ５•從土地使用強度探討居住環境品質之研究（７４•６） 紀建明 三、研究方法 １•利用實際資料建立一土地使用強度模式採複迴歸分析法。 ２•個案研究一一對實際地區環境進行測定、分析。 ３•採訪問形式一一對都市計劃程序之了解。 四、研究內容 １•台北市目前實施容積率管制之情形。 ２•台灣省全面訂定容積率限制之計劃。 ３•土地使用強度訂定之目的及其成效。 ４•發展權移轉之可行性探討及應用說明。 五、研究結果 １•擬對現行之土地使用強度作一檢討修正之建議。 ２•並對尚未實施土地使用分區管制之地區提供〞容積率〞訂定參考之依據。 ３•配合〞發展轉移轉〞之應用而使土地之利用更具公平性與效率性。

本研究主要在探討八十八年二月國民教育法修正後，臺北縣、市校務會議組織運作與實施成效之情形，並研析兩者之間的關係，據以提出建議，供改進國民中學校務會議之組織運作及提昇實施成效的參考。 本研究兼採文獻分析及問卷調查法。根據研究目的、待答問題及文獻探討，編製「臺北縣、市新制校務會議組織運作與實施成效調查問卷」，然後依臺北縣、市現有之公立國民中學117所實施全面普查，每校分層隨機抽樣十位參與校務會議之代表成員為對象，共計發出問卷1140份，回收可用問卷720份。經統計獲得如下之發現： 一、在組織運作與實施成效上均給予中等以上程度的肯定。 二、台北市國民申學顯著優於臺北縣國民中學。 三、中型學校（25班至49班）在「民主參與」表現最好。 四、以學校年齡在11～20年者表現最佳。 五、男性成員顯著高於女性成員。 六、服務年資以16年以上者表現最佳。 七、以家長代表表現最佳，專任教師代表表現最差。 八、組織運作對實施成效具有正向的預測作用。 至於本研究對於教育行政單位、學校工作團隊與未來相關研究的建議，則詳如內文。 / The revision of law in national education executed in Feb 1999. The main purpose of this paper focus on the relationship between organization operating and effectiveness using of school council. And it will give some advices clearly to the junior high school council. This paper adopted literature review and questionnaire survey to arrange a questionnaire about "the new system of school council operating and effectiveness using in Taipei City and Taipei County". And stratified random sampling, which send out 1140 questionnaires and retrieve 720 ones, and took ten members of school council from 117 junior high schools in Taipei, was been adopted. The evaluating result by statistics shows that: 1. We gave medium appreciation about the organization operating and effectiveness using. 2. The evaluating result of junior high schools in Taipei City was better than in Taipei County. 3. The middle-scale schools, owns twenty five to forty nine classes, had better performance in democratic participation. 4. The schools between 11 and 20 years had better performance too. 5. The performance of male samples are remarkable than female. 6. The samples working more than sixteen years are better than any other. 7. The householders had a good performance, and full time teachers had the bad performance on the contrary. 8. Organization operating has a right prediction to the efficiency. The detail about educating administrative unit, working group of junior high school and ongoing research were in the context.