In this paper are overviewed basic principles of ultrasonic inspection paying more attention to defect localization and size determination opportunities. Also there is done analysis of sound frequency influence on defect detection and sound wave attenuation.

Šiuolaikinės informacijos perdavimo technologijos leidžia organizuoti video paskaitas ir tam yra kuriamos video paskaitų sistemos. Išanalizavus egzistuojančias video paskaitų sistemas buvo iškeltos kelios problemos: • nepakankamas pateikiamos informacijos saugumo lygis; • nesuteikiama galimybė dėstytojams realiu laiku modifikuoti mokomosios medžiagos turinį. Pateiktų problemų sprendimui pasiūlytas sistemos modelis, kuriame akcentuojamas vartotoju autentifikavimas e. parašu ir pateikiamos informacijos šifravimas. Šias problemas pavyko sėkmingai išspręsti panaudojant populiarius ir kriptografiškai saugius algoritmus. Suprojektuota sistema sėkmingai išbandyta, o atlikus eksperimentini tyrimą nustatyta, jog sistemos funkcionalumas niekuo nenusileidžia standartinėms paskaitoms. / Modern communication technology allows you to organize video lectures and that’s why the systems of video lectures are created. . After the analysis of existing video lectures systems, several issues have been raised: • low security level of the proposed information; • not given access to the teachers to modify the content of teaching materials in real time. For the solution of the problems the model of the system is suggested which focuses on the authentication of the user by the e. signature and the encryption of the given information. These problems have been successfully solved by using popular and secure cryptographic algorithms. Designed system is successfully tested, and, after a pilot study was found that the functionality of the system is as good as the standard lectures.

Muziejinė edukacija Lietuvoje sėkmingai vykdoma jau dešimt metų. Aiškiai matyti Lietuvos nacionalinio ir Lietuvos dailės muziejų efektyvumas, darbo kokybė ir pasiekimai edukacijos srityje. Šių muziejų veikla orientuota į edukaciją, kuri atitinka pasaulines muziejų tendencijas. Akcentuodami jos svarbą visuomenėje ir naudodami edukacinės veiklos formas, šie muziejai sprendžia augančios kartos auklėjimo ir lavinimo klausimus bei neformalaus ugdymo uždavinius. Kurdami naujas metodikas ir programas, pritaikytas skirtingoms lankytojų grupėms, realizuoja svarbiausias muziejų edukacijos funkcijas. Lietuvos nacionalinis ir Lietuvos dailės muziejai kryptingai formuoja savo edukacinės veiklos turinius, kurie atitinka jų apibrėžtas misijas ir strategijas. Edukacinė veikla kasmet tampa nacionaliniuose muziejuose vis platesnė ir įdomesnė. Šie muziejai gali įtakoti kitų muziejų dukacinę veiklą bei būti jiems efektyvaus mokymosi būdo modelio pavyzdziu. Lietuvos nacionalinio muziejaus edukacinės programos yra istorinio pobūdžio. Jų tematika susieta su Lietuvos istorija ir etnine kultūra. Akivaizdu,kad pasitelkus edukacines programas stengiamasi perteikti žmogiškąsias vertybes, stiprinti tautinį tapatumą.. Lietuvos dailės muziejus,pasitelkdamas sukauptų meno kūrinių siužetus, tematikas, realizuoja muziejinės edukacijos tikslus,sėkmingai kūria ir pritaiko skirtingoms lankytojų grupėms naujas metodikas ir programas. Nors Lietuvos nacionalinio ir Lietuvos dailės muziejų vertybių rinkiniai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The museum-based education is being successfully implemented in Lithuania for ten years already. The effect, high quality and achievements of the activities of Lithuanian National Museum and Lithuanian Art Museum in the sphere of education are evident. The activities of the said Museums are oriented to education that conforms to the trends usual for world museums. Stressing its importance for the society and using various forms of educative activities, the Museums settle various problems of education and training of the young generation as well as solve tasks of informal education. In course of developing new methods and programmes, they implement the principal functions of the museum-based education. Lithuanian National Museum and Lithuanian Art Museum purposefully form the contents of their educative activities that conform to their determined missions and strategies. The educative activities at national museums becomes more wide and interesting annually. The educational programmes of Lithuanian National Museum are the ones of historical character. They are bound with Lithuanian history and ethnic culture. It is evident that they are helpful in conveying the human values and strengthening the national identity. Lithuanian Art Museum implements the goals of the museum-based education using the stocks of its artistic works, successfully develops new methods and programmes applying them for various groups of visitors. Although the collections and expositions of values disposed... [to full text]

Dissertation examined the impact of the application of ICT on IV-th grade students mathematical competence development(sef-development). / Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas IKT taikymo poveikis IV klasės mokinių matematinės kompetencijos ugdymui(si).

Social commerce is a growing field due to the popularity of social media. Research on social commerce stresses the benefits of utilizing social media or Web 2.0 technologies for business because user contribution, participation and collaboration, which are characteristics of Web 2.0, fuel business vitalization. Nevertheless, there is a lack of academic research on social commerce, and in what little research there is, the coverage is circumscribed. One of the challenges is conceptualization of social commerce due to various definitions made from researchers’ different perspectives and different positions on social commerce. This also led to the limitation of scope of research. In addition, there is still a need for identifying technological features and business goals for social commerce. Therefore, this research primarily encompasses establishing the concept of social commerce and identifying its implementation methods. To amount to those two primary goals, the research objectives are to understand the factors that affect social commerce implementation; to identify and investigate applicable Web 2.0 technologies that enable social commerce activities; and to investigate the business goals that can be achieved by social commerce implementation. Ultimately, the research aims to address methods of implementation. Consequently, the achievement of this research is that first, the concept of social commerce has been established by refining several definitions from the literature. Second, social commerce activities and business goals were identified and categorized based on the marketing funnel concept and the new customer life cycle model. Third, applicable Web 2.0 technologies were identified from the literature and other functionalities were also seized from real cases. Finally, the concept of social commerce has been demonstrated by implementing selected various commerce applications

No description available.

本研究旨在探討新北市公立國民小學圖書館空間改造及使用符合度、不同學生背景變項及學校背景變項對國民小學圖書館空間改造及使用的符合度及差異性、國民小學圖書館空間改造與空間使 用的相關性及預測力情形。 本研究採用問卷調查法，以101-102年度已改造完成並使用一年以上之圖書館（不包含單純改造低、高年級圖書館），計有34所國民小學中、高年級學生為樣本對象，研究者自編的「新北市公立國民小學圖書館空間改造與使用調查問卷」為研究工具。本研究共計發送2,168份問卷，回收問卷2,030份，有效問卷1,630份，回收率達75.18％。資料分析採用描述型統計分析、獨立樣本平均 數t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、Scheffé method、Pearson product-moment correlation、逐步多元迴歸分析法等統計方法。 本研究獲得以下結論： 一、新北市公立國民小學學生對圖書館整體空間改造（空間配置、管理服務、設備 更新、圖書充實）符合度屬於高符合程度，其中設備更新符合度的最高、圖書 充實的符合度最低 二、新北市公立國民小學學生對圖書館整體空間使用（圖書館利用、閱讀與查詢、 課程教學使用、動靜態展演）符合度屬於高符合程度，其中圖書館利用的符合 度最高、閱讀與查詢的符合度最低 三、學生背景變項不同對學校圖書館空間改造具有差異性，符合度以女生、三年 級、到館次數2-5次、16次以上較高，到館時數並無差異性。 四、學生背景變項不同對學校圖書館空間使用具有差異性，符合度以女生、三年 級、到館次數2-5次、6-10次、11-15次、16次以上、到館時數2-5時、16 時以上較高。 五、學校背景變項不同對學校圖書館空間改造具有差異性，規模25班以上高於13 －24班、12班以下高於13－24班。 六、學校背景變項不同對學校圖書館空間使用具有差異性，符合度以偏遠地區高於 非偏遠地區，規模12班以下高於13－24班。 七、學校圖書館整體空間改造及各層面（空間配置、管理服務、設備更新及圖書充 實）對於整體空間使用及各層面（圖書館利用、閱讀與查詢、課程教學使用及 動靜態展演）呈現高度正相關。 八、學校圖書館空間改造對空間使用的預測力情形，以空間配置最能解釋學校圖書 館整體空間使用及各層面（圖書館利用、閱讀與查詢、課程教學使用及動靜態 展演）。 最後，本研究依據以上結論，針對學校圖書館空間改造之規劃設計方法、學校圖書館空間使用以及未來研究等方面，提出具體建 議，以供相關單位及人員參考。 / This study topic is to research New Taipei City public elementary school library’s space reforming and using of conformity. The elementary school library’s space reforming and using of conformity and difference of the different student and school background variables. Elementary school library’s space reforming and using with correlation and predictive power situation.This study take questionnaires for the library has completed reforming in 101-102 year and used for more than one year (excluding transformation of low or high school library). This study investigated the middle and high grade students of the 34 elementary schools and took the " The questionnaires of the New Taipei City public elementary school library’s space reforming and using of conformity " as a research tool. In this study, the total of 2,168 questionnaires were sent, and the 2,030 questionnaires were recovered, the 1,630 valid questionnaires were returned. The rate was 75.18%. This study were using descriptive statistics, independent sample average t-test, One way ANOVA, Scheffé method, Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression. The conclusion of this study: 1.The reforming of entire library space (spatial configuration, management services, equipment updating, books enriching) of the New Taipei City public elementary school students is a high degree of compliance. The compliance of equipment renew is the highest, and the books enriching is the lowest. 2.The using of library space (library using, reading and inquiry and teaching, performances) of the New Taipei City public elementary school students is a high degree of compliance. The compliance of library using is the highest, and the compliance of reading and inquiry is the lowest. 3.The different variables of student backgrounds in space reforming of school library are diverse; we get high compliance with the third grade female students, who attend library in 2-5 and sixteen higher times, but no difference of attendance hours. 4.The different variables of student backgrounds in space using of school library are diverse, we get high compliance with the third grade female students, who attend library in 2-5,6-10,11-15,and sixteen higher times; and high compliance in 2-5 and sixteen higher hours of attending library. 5.The different variables of school backgrounds in space using of school library are diverse, the class scale more than 25 is higher than 13-24, and the class scale less than 12 classes is higher than 13-24. 6.The different variables of school backgrounds in space using of school library are diverse, the compliance of remote areas are higher than non-remote areas, the class scale less than 12 class is higher than 13-24. 7.The reforming of library space (spatial configuration, management services, equipment updating, books enriching) and the using of library space (library using, reading and inquiry, curriculum and teaching, dynamic and static performances) are with high correlation. 8.The predictive power of circumstances of the school library space reforming to the school library space using（library using, reading and inquiry, curriculum and teaching, dynamic and static performances ) for the space configuration is the best explanation. According to the conclusion, this study took signicicant suggestions to the future of school library’s space reforming and using.

The present study observed the use of educational code-switching to the L1 (Arabic) among six Arabic EFL teachers at Majmaah University, in Saudi Arabia. It used an a priori set of purposes based on Creswell (2003) and derived categories to examine the linguistic, social, and class management purposes behind code-switching. The instrument consisted of two parts: a demographic questionnaire and an audio recorder used in conjunction with a classroom observation sheet. Although some studies have suggested that educational code-switching to the L1 in EFL classrooms is an unconscious act (e.g., Moghadam, Abdul Samad, & Shahraki, 2012), the present study's results concluded the reverse: that the use of educational code-switching could be interpreted as an intentional practice among teachers in EFL classrooms. The results provided a more in-depth understanding of the use of educational code-switching to the L1 (Arabic). They agreed with previous studies that have found such code-switching to be very common among EFL teachers. Although participants displayed different linguistic, social, and class management purposes, analysis of the data revealed that certain purposes were more common than others, with linguistic purposes being far more common than social, class management, or other purposes. The most common linguistic purpose was to explain new words, and for class management was to clarify activities/exercises. Only two purposes, to engage in small talk with students and to connect between sentences, could not be categorized into one of the three main types.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Os resultados das avaliaÃÃes de desempenho, especialmente com foco em lÃngua portuguesa e raciocÃnio lÃgico, tÃm permeado o cenÃrio escolar e educacional. Nos Ãltimos anos, o tema âsucesso escolarâ tornou-se notÃrio ao ser associado aos sistemas de avaliaÃÃo de larga escala e, sobretudo, a partir do fortalecimento de sistemas federais e estaduais de avaliaÃÃo. Neste trabalho, apresentamos as perspectivas de professor, gestor e alunos sobre avaliaÃÃo externa e trazemos as contribuiÃÃes dos estudos sobre polÃtica educacional com o intuito de auxiliar a discussÃo sobre a polÃtica de avaliaÃÃo estadual, o Sistema Permanente de AvaliaÃÃo da EducaÃÃo BÃsica do Cearà (SPAECE), e o uso dos resultados desta avaliaÃÃo em sala de aula. Escolhemos como cenÃrio de pesquisa as escolas que registraram os melhores resultados nos Anos Iniciais no SPAECE na sÃrie histÃrica 2009-2013 do municÃpio de MaracanaÃ, elegendo aquela que apresentou um perfil homogÃneo de crescimento, destacando-se entre as escolas com maiores pontuaÃÃes nos cinco anos analisados. O estudo caracteriza-se pelo uso de dados quantitativos e qualitativos, constituindo-se, portanto em uma pesquisa mista. O aspecto quantitativo refere-se aos dados computados atravÃs dos resultados do SPAECE, Ãndices numÃricos que registram em uma escala de 0 a 500, a proficiÃncia mÃdia dos alunos participantes e ainda o uso de dados secundÃrios, que colaboram com a anÃlise da amostra. O teor qualitativo se faz presente na anÃlise do trabalho desenvolvido pelos atores do processo escolar. Como estratÃgias metodolÃgicas, escolhemos o uso de entrevistas com professor e gestor, alÃm de um grupo focal com alunos que participaram do 5 ano em 2013. Seguindo os parÃmetros definidos, foi identificada a escola Walmiki Sampaio de Albuquerque como lÃcus de pesquisa. Quando analisamos as entrevistas e os indicadores educacionais, encontramos pontos de congruÃncia entre as falas e os dados, pois emerge a diferenÃa que os Anos Iniciais possuem dos Anos Finais. Se, para os alunos, o contato com o professor à um dos pontos de destaque dos Anos Iniciais, para professora e gestora, a aprendizagem consolidada apoiada em formaÃÃes e materiais elaborados contribuem para o sucesso do aluno. No entanto, os indicadores apontam que os Ãxitos registrados nos Anos Iniciais nÃo migram para os Finais. Nas falas dos trÃs sujeitos pesquisados à possÃvel inferir um direcionamento das atividades em sala de aula para as avaliaÃÃes externas, tendo por base, simulados e pequenas avaliaÃÃes realizadas pela professora. Trazemos a tona a dicotomia processo/produto, pois tambÃm nos questionamos em que momentos hà ensino (processo) e em que momentos estariam acontecendo as avaliaÃÃes (produtos)? Um de nossos objetivos neste trabalho foi estabelecer pontes entre a avaliaÃÃo, a polÃtica educacional cearense por meio de seu sistema de avaliaÃÃo e o uso dos resultados do mesmo, em que pesem estarem inseridos em um cenÃrio exitoso. Nas entrevistas foi possÃvel observar que os resultados estÃo sendo usados de forma enviesada, servindo para novos simulados e avaliaÃÃes, faltando uma maior consistÃncia no uso dos resultados quando ao redirecionamento de atividades pedagÃgicas que induzam a aprendizagem discente real. Como se vÃ, existe a Ãnfase no produto, sem, no entanto ter atenÃÃo ao processo que o antecipa.

O presente trabalho investiga o uso da articulaÃÃo hipotÃtica adverbial concessiva na construÃÃo da argumentaÃÃo. Com base nos pressupostos funcionalistas, analisamos, de um modo integrado, os aspectos sintÃticos, textual-semÃnticos e textual-discursivos associados ao uso da oraÃÃo concessiva na construÃÃo da argumentaÃÃo em artigos de opiniÃo e editoriais. Verificamos que os aspectos sintÃticos da articulaÃÃo da oraÃÃo concessiva estÃo relacionados aos aspectos pragmÃticos. Dessa forma, a posiÃÃo da oraÃÃo concessiva (anteposiÃÃo, posposiÃÃo e intercalaÃÃo) reflete a maneira como o falante decide organizar seu discurso em virtude do propÃsito comunicativo; portanto, està ligada Ãs funÃÃes discursivas a que se presta. Assim, verificamos que, nos artigos de opiniÃo e editoriais, a diferenÃa na freqÃÃncia do uso da anteposiÃÃo e da posposiÃÃo nÃo foi significativa. Em nossa investigaÃÃo, alguns conectores tendem a introduzir oraÃÃes concessivas antepostas à o caso de apesar de e por mais/menos que, enquanto outros tendem a introduzir oraÃÃes concessivas pospostas à o caso de mesmo que. A conjunÃÃo embora apareceu, no corpus em anÃlise, com a mesma freqÃÃncia em oraÃÃes antepostas e pospostas. Quanto aos aspectos textual-semÃnticos, percebemos que, da articulaÃÃo das oraÃÃes ditas concessivas, alÃm da inferÃncia de concessÃo, emergem tambÃm outras inferÃncias, tais como condiÃÃo e inclusÃo. A partir de uma anÃlise pautada nos domÃnios de interpretaÃÃo propostos por Sweetser (1999), constatamos que, nos gÃneros em estudo, a maioria das ocorrÃncias permite leitura no domÃnio epistÃmico, mas hà um nÃmero significativo de ocorrÃncias com a possibilidade de leitura no domÃnio de conteÃdo, provavelmente porque os gÃneros jornalÃsticos abordam acontecimentos, fatos sociais. Com relaÃÃo ao tipo de oraÃÃo concessiva, verificamos que, no corpus em anÃlise, predominam as do tipo factual. Ao investigarmos os aspectos textual-discursivos, percebemos que, de uma maneira geral, as oraÃÃes concessivas sÃo usadas como fundo da oraÃÃo nuclear e que, quando pospostas, geralmente constituem uma avaliaÃÃo ou um adendo à oraÃÃo nuclear; enquanto as antepostas e as intercaladas funcionam como tÃpico/guia para a informaÃÃo nÃcleo ou como fator de coesÃo discursiva. Quanto ao papel argumentativo da oraÃÃo concessiva em artigos de opiniÃo e editoriais, percebemos que esta representa uma relevante estratÃgia por meio da qual o autor, pressupondo uma objeÃÃo por parte do leitor, declara que tal objeÃÃo nÃo impedirà nem modificarà o conteÃdo expresso na oraÃÃo nuclear / The aim of this work is to investigate the usage of concessive hypotatic clauses involved in the construction of argumentation. Based on functional theories, we analyzed the syntactic aspects, the textual-discursive aspects and the textual-semantic aspects that are associated to the usage of the concessive subordinate clause involved in the construction of argumentation in newspaper articles and editorials. We observed that the syntactic aspects of concessive subordinate clause are related to the pragmatic aspects. Thus the concessive subordinate clause position (before or after main clause or embedded clause) shows the way a speaker decides to organize her utterance due to communication purposes; hence it is connected to discursive functions. We observed that in newspaper articles and editorials, the concessive clause position before or after main clause is not relevant. Our investigation shows that few conjunctions tend to introduce concessive subordinate clause before main clause, for instance apesar de and por mais/menos que, whereas other concessive conjunctions tend to introduce subordinate clause after main clause, for example mesmo que. In the corpus, the conjunction embora is as frequent in concessive clauses before main clause as in concessive clauses after main clauses. As regards the textual-semantic aspects, we observed, besides the concessive inferences, other inferences such as condition and inclusion inferences. In an analysis based on the interpretation domains proposed by Sweetser (1999), we found, in newspaper articles and editorials, that the greater number of examples allows an interpretation in the epistemic domain, but there is a meaningful number of examples that lead to a possible interpretation in the content domain, probably this is due to the fact that newspapers genres are related to social happenings and facts. Regarding concessive clause types we observed, in the corpus analyzed, that the factual concessive clauses predominate. When we verified the textual-discursive aspects, we observed, that concessive subordinate clauses are used as main clause background and when they are placed after main clause they often represent an evaluation or an addendum to main clause, whereas concessive clause before main clause and embedded concessive clause work as a topic to a nuclear information or as a way to attain discursive cohesion. As regards the argumentative role of concessive clause in newspaper articles and editorials, we observed concessive subordinate clause represents an important strategy; through concessive clause, the author presupposes an objection on the part of the reader and he declares that the objection does not hinder the content expressed in the main clause