Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:08:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Katia Andressa Santos.pdf: 1963088 bytes, checksum: b32ddfe59cde547120036db9bad8218c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Crambe (Crambe abyssinica) is an oilseed with high content of oil rich in erucic acid, a fatty acid with industrial application. In the extraction of vegetable oils are traditionally employed methods such as pressing and/or organic solvents, which are known to have several inconvenient. Within this context, this work aims to evaluate the use of propane in subcritical conditions in obtaining crambe oil, comparing the yields and characteristics of the oil obtained by this technique to oil produced by the conventional method with organic solvents hexane and dichloromethane. A 22 factorial design was employed to evaluate the effects of temperature and pressure on the yield of extraction with subcritical propane being used in experiments at temperatures between 40 and 80 oC and pressures between 80 and 160 bar, with a fixed solvent flow rate of 1.6 x10 -3 kg min- 1 and the total extraction time of 80 minutes. Mathematical modeling of the kinetics of subcritical extraction was also performed using the model of Sovová. Crambe oil was characterized as the total fatty acids, free glycerol compounds and levels of tocopherols profile. Also, calorimetric analyzes were performed to determine the oxidative stability of the oil and its melting point. In seeds and bran were determined their chemical composition and contents of phenolic compounds. The results confirmed the high fat seeds of crambe, and obtained yields of 51 and 48% in extractions with dichloromethane and hexane, respectively. In subcritical propane extraction, temperature was the only variable that had an effect on the response, with the highest yield (32.8%) obtained in the condition of 80 °C and 160 bar. The different experimental conditions revealed no significant differences in total, at a significance level of 5% fatty acid profile, and these consist mainly of monounsaturated fatty acids, such as erucic acid (56.72 to 59.38%). In the free fraction glycerol, free fatty acids content below 2% and among the phytosterols, β-sitosterol beyond and campesterol was possible to identify and quantify the brassicasterol, characteristic of the family to which belongs the crambe. Regarding tocopherols, crambe oil extracted with subcritical propane showed high levels of these compounds, especially γ -tocopherol, which directly focused on the oxidative stability. The bran extraction residue, was found to be a source of protein and potential antioxidants, such as phenolic. As for the mathematical modeling, the model Sovová satisfactorily represented the experimental data in all conditions employed. / O crambe (Crambe abyssinica) é uma oleaginosa com elevado teor de óleo rico em ácido erúcico, um ácido graxo de grande aplicação industrial. Na extração de óleos vegetais, tradicionalmente são empregados métodos como a prensagem e/ou a utilização de solventes orgânicos, que são conhecidos por apresentarem diversos inconvenientes. Dentro deste contexto, o presente trabalho visa avaliar a aplicação do propano em condições subcríticas na obtenção de óleo de crambe, comparando os rendimentos e características do óleo obtido por esta técnica ao óleo extraído pelo método convencional com os solventes orgânicos hexano e diclorometano. Um planejamento experimental 22 foi empregado para avaliar os efeitos da temperatura e pressão no rendimento da extração com propano subcrítico, sendo utilizadas nos experimentos temperaturas entre 40 e 80 oC e pressões entre 80 e 160 bar, com vazão fixa de solvente de 1,6x10-3 kg min-1 e tempo total de extração de 80 minutos. Também foi realizada a modelagem matemática da cinética de extração subcrítica empregando o modelo de Sovová. O óleo de crambe foi caracterizado quanto ao perfil de ácidos graxos totais, compostos livres de glicerol e teores de tocoferóis. Ainda, análises calorimétricas foram realizadas para determinar a estabilidade oxidativa do óleo e seu ponto de fusão. Nas sementes e farelos foram determinados sua composição centesimal e teores de compostos fenólicos. Os resultados comprovaram o elevado teor lipídico das sementes de crambe, sendo obtidos rendimentos de 51 e 48% nas extrações com diclorometano e hexano, respectivamente. Na extração com propano subcrítico, a temperatura foi a única variável que apresentou efeito sobre a resposta, sendo o maior rendimento (32,8%) obtido na condição de 80 oC e 160 bar. As condições experimentais não revelaram diferenças significativas quanto ao perfil de ácidos graxos totais, ao nível de significância de 5%, e estes são constituídos majoritariamente por ácidos graxos monoinsaturados, como o ácido erúcico (56,72 a 59,38%). Na fração não ligada ao glicerol, os ácidos graxos livres apresentaram teores abaixo de 2% e, dentre os fitosteróis, além do β-sitosterol e campesterol, foi possível identificar e quantificar o brassicasterol, característico da família à qual o crambe pertence. Quanto aos tocoferóis, o óleo de crambe extraído com propano subcrítico apresentou teores elevados destes compostos, principalmente de γ-tocoferol, o que incidiu diretamente na sua estabilidade oxidativa. O farelo, resíduo da extração, além de potencial proteico revelou ser fonte de compostos antioxidantes, como os fenólicos. Em relação à modelagem matemática, o modelo de Sovová representou satisfatoriamente os dados experimentais em todas as condições empregadas.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-03T11:35:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandojosenogueira.pdf: 4981583 bytes, checksum: 8b3c5698410b92cb533a1907a012d6a6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T01:41:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandojosenogueira.pdf: 4981583 bytes, checksum: 8b3c5698410b92cb533a1907a012d6a6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T01:41:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandojosenogueira.pdf: 4981583 bytes, checksum: 8b3c5698410b92cb533a1907a012d6a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Este trabalho tem como objeto principal a avaliação experimental de diodos emissores de luz (ou LEDs, do inglês Light Emitting Diodes) quando empregados em luminárias comerciais destinadas aos sistemas de iluminação pública. São apresentados os aspectos gerais da iluminação pública no Brasil, os principais componentes empregados e uma discussão sobre a adoção da tecnologia LED na iluminação de exteriores. Também são abordados os conceitos básicos de fotometria clássica e da fotometria adaptada para baixos níveis de luminância, que leva em consideração a resposta dinâmica visual do olho humano. Para efeito comparativo, o trabalho também inclui uma revisão das principais fontes de luz brancas orientadas à iluminação pública, e. g. lâmpada de vapor metálico, lâmpada de vapor de mercúrio e, mais recentemente, os LEDs. Tal estudo ampara-se em ensaios de laboratório e em campo tomando como base a lâmpada de vapor de sódio em alta pressão, a mais utilizada atualmente no segmento de iluminação de vias públicas. Algumas normativas referentes à aplicação de LEDs em iluminação pública são discutidas e, a partir das recomendações existentes nas normas NBR 16026 e NBR IEC 61347-2-13, são realizados ensaios de pré-conformidade em amostras comerciais de luminárias LED orientadas à iluminação pública do mercado nacional. Além dos ensaios de pré-conformidade, são realizados ensaios de funcionamento das luminárias LED quando expostas a condições críticas de temperatura com o objetivo de se avaliar as mudanças elétricas e fotométricas que ocorrem nestas condições. É apresentada uma metodologia de projeto luminotécnico para instalação de luminárias LED em vias públicas baseando-se na norma de iluminação pública NBR 5101 (revisão 2012), e o acompanhamento do projeto piloto de iluminação pública empregando luminárias LED implantado no anel viário da faculdade de engenharia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Durante nove meses foram coletados dados de características elétricas e fotométricas a fim de se averiguar o desempenho destas luminárias em campo. Por fim, foi feito um estudo comparativo entre o antigo sistema de iluminação com lâmpadas de vapor de sódio e o atual, empregando luminárias LED. / The purpose of this research is the experimental evaluation of light emitting diodes (or LEDs) when used in commercial luminaires for street lighting systems. The general aspects of Brazilian public lighting, the main components used and a discussion about the adoption of the LED technology in outdoor lighting are presented. Also, the basic concepts of classical photometry and photometry’s adaptations for low luminance levels are addressed. It takes into consideration the dynamic response of the human eye. For comparative purposes, this research also includes a review of the main white light sources used on public lighting, e.g. Metal Halide Lamp, High Pressure Mercury Vapour Lamp and, recently, the LEDs. Such research is supported by laboratory and on-site studies based on High Pressure Sodium Vapour Lamp; currently, the most used on public lighting system. Some standards regarding LEDs usage on public lighting are discussed and, based on the existing recommendations, regulated by the Brazilian standards NBR 16026 and NBR IEC 61347-2-13, pre-certification studies of commercial LED luminaires samples oriented to public lighting on the home market are performed. Other than the pre-certification studies, additional studies of LED luminaires functioning when exposed to critical conditions of temperature with the intention to evaluate the electric and photometric changes that occur in this circumstances are performed. It is introduced a luminotechnical project methodology for LED luminaires installation on public roads based on the Brazilian standards of public lighting NBR 5101 (reviewed in 2012) and the accompanying of the pilot project of public lighting using LED luminaires implanted on the ring road of the School of Engineering of the Juiz de Fora Federal University. During nine months, data of electric and photometric features were collected in order to investigate the performance of the luminaires on-site. Finally, a comparative study was done between the previous lighting system with High Pressure Sodium Vapour Lamp and the current, using LED luminaires.

O trabalho tem como objeto de pesquisa a cadeia produtiva da habitação de interesse social em madeira de floresta plantada. O objetivo é verificar a viabilidade da implantação de sistemas construtivos econômicos em Pinus spp no Estado do Paraná - Brasil, considerando a disponibilidade de matéria-prima, o parque tecnológico instalado e as políticas públicas vigentes. O método de pesquisa identifica as variáveis envolvidas com o fenômeno e emprega dados qualitativos e quantitativos para descrever o objeto. A hipótese é que existe um ambiente favorável para o emprego destes sistemas construtivos na região estudada, contribuindo para o aumento do repertório de soluções aplicáveis no combate ao déficit habitacional. A investigação confirma a vocação florestal e o desenvolvimento da indústria madeireira do Paraná. No entanto, verifica problemas estruturais para o desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva, como o atraso tecnológico e a baixa capacitação da mão-de-obra envolvida no processamento da madeira nas serrarias. Para superar estes obstáculos é necessária a implantação de políticas públicas direcionadas e a aproximação dos agentes dos setores florestal, madeireiro e da construção civil. / The thesis subject matter is the commodity chain of social housing made from planted forests wood. The thesis aim is to verify the production feasibility of economic construction methods using Pinus spp in Parana State - Brazil, considering the raw material availability, the research park facilities, and the current public policies. The research methodology identifies the variables involved in the phenomenon, and it employs qualitative and quantitative data in order to describe the object. The hypothesis is that there is a favorable environment for the use of these building construction methods in the studied region, contributing for the solution increase to reduce the housing shortage. This research confirms the vocation for forestry and for the development of the timber industry in Parana State. However, it finds structural problems in the commodity chain development, such as the technological backwardness and the low-skilled workforce involved in the wood processing at sawmills. To overcome these obstacles, it is necessary to implement target public policies and approaching forestry, timber and building construction industry representatives.

Cette thèse porte sur la modélisation morphologique de matériaux cimentaires, et sur l'analyse de leurs propriétés linéaires élastiques. Dans cet objectif, des images 3D, obtenues par micro-tomographie, de matériaux cimentaires (mortier et béton) sont étudiées. Dans un premier temps, l'image de mortier est segmentée afin d'obtenir une image de microstructure réelle pour des calculs en élasticité linéaire. L'image de béton est utilisée, après traitement, pour la détermination des caractéristiques morphologiques du matériau. Un modèle aléatoire de béton est ensuite développé et validé par des données morphologiques. Ce modèle comporte trois phases qui correspondent à la matrice, les granulats et les pores. La phase des granulats est modélisée par implantation sans recouvrement de polyèdres de Poisson. Pour cela, un algorithme de génération vectorielle de polyèdres de Poisson est mis en place et validé par des mesures morphologiques. Enfin, les propriétés linéaires élastiques effectives de la microstructure de mortier et de microstructures simulées sont déterminées par méthode FFT (Fast-Fourier Transform), pour différents contrastes entre le module de Young des granulats et de la matrice. Cette étude des propriétés effectives est complétée par une analyse locale des champs dans la matrice, afin de déterminer l'arrangement spatial entre les zones de concentration de contraintes dans la matrice, et les différentes phases de la microstructure (granulats et pores). Une caractérisation statistique des champs est de plus réalisée, avec notamment le calcul du Volume Élémentaire Représentatif (VER). Une comparaison des propriétés élastiques effectives et locales obtenues d'une part sur une microstructure simulée contenant des polyèdres et d'autre part sur une microstructure contenant des sphères est de plus effectuée. / The goal of this thesis is to develop morphological models of cementitious materials and use these models to study their local and effective response. To this aim, 3D images of cementitious materials (mortar and concrete), obtained by micro-tomography, are studied. First, the mortar image is segmented in order to obtain an image of a real microstructure, to be used for linear elasticity computations. The image of concrete is used, after being processed, to determine various morphological characteristics of the material. A random model of concrete is then developed and validated by means of morphological data. This model is made up of three phases, corresponding to the matrix, aggregates and voids. The aggregates phase is modelled by implantation of Poisson polyhedra without overlap. For this purpose, an algorithm suited to the vector generation of Poisson polyhedra is introduced and validated with morphological measurements. Finally, the effective linear elastic properties of the mortar and other simulated microstructures are estimated with the FFT (Fast-Fourier Transform) method, for various contrasts between the aggregates and matrix' Young moduli. To complete this work, focused on effective properties, an analysis of the local elastic response in the matrix phase is undertaken, in order to determine the spatial arrangement between stress concentration zones in the matrix and the phases of the microstructure (aggregates and voids). Moreover, a statistical fields characterization, in the matrix, is achieved, including the determination of the Representative Volume Element (RVE) size. Furthermore, a comparison between effective and local elastic properties obtained from microstructures containing polyhedra and spheres is carried out.

Ces travaux de thèses présentent un protocole expérimental d’évaluation de la fiabilité des transistors bipolaire à double hétéro-jonction submicroniques sur substrat InP. Les mécanismes de défaillances observés ont été mis en évidence grâce à ce protocole qui présente trois étapes : activation, détection et localisation des mécanismes de défaillance. Les tests de vieillissement accéléré ont été réalisés sur les TBH de structure hexagonale avec une base en InGaAs ou en GaAsSb ainsi que les structures TLM. Grâce à l’analyse électrique via la modélisation compacte, nous établissons les premières hypothèses sur l’origine physique des mécanismes de dégradation. Pour les transistors avec une base InGaAs, par exemple, les mécanismes de défaillance mis en évidence sont localisés:- A la périphérie d’émetteur entrainant ainsi une augmentation du courant de base pour VBE<0,6 V pour les tests sous contrainte thermique ainsi que sous contraintes thermique et électrique.- A la jonction base-émetteur, provoquant l’augmentation du courant de base et de collecteur respectivement pour VBE>0,6 V et 0.2<VBE<0,8 V.- Au niveau du contact ohmique d’émetteur, entrainant une dégradation des courants pour VBE>0,8 V. Cette diminution du courant est plus visible sur le courant de collecteur.Ces hypothèses ont été validées avec l’analyse physique 2D avec le logiciel TCAD Sentaurus. Des signatures électriques similaires ont été observées dans la bibliographie par de plusieurs auteurs. / This work presents the implementation of an experimental procedure to evaluate the failure mechanisms of submicron Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor on InP substrate. This procedure presents 3 steps: activation, detection and localization of the failure mechanisms. The accelerated aging tests have been used to active the failure mechanisms on hexagonal shape HBTs with InGaAs or GaAsSb base together with TLM. Due to the electrical analysis through the compact modelling, we established the first hypothesis about the origin of the failure mechanisms. For example, on InGaAs HBT, the failure mechanisms observed are located:- At the emitter sidewall. This mechanism leads to the increase of the base current for VBE<0.6 V- At the base-emitter junction leading to the increase of base and collector current for VBE>0,6 V and 0.2<VBE<0,8 V respectively.- And the ohmic contact layer leading to the collector current decrease for VBE>0.8 V.These hypotheses were validated by 2D physical simulation using TCAD Sentaurus. The same electrical signatures of the failure mechanisms are observed in literature.

本研究旨在探究特殊教育學校圖書館的建置情況、館藏資源、特殊教育教師使用情形與滿意度情形。 本研究採用問卷調查法，將問卷分為兩大部分，第一部分為特殊教育學校圖書館之館藏資源建置情況，研究對象為全臺灣28所特殊學校圖書館負責人，問卷內容包含學校基本資料、組織人力、館藏資源與經費、營運管理情形、閱讀推動與利用教育及困難與需求，總計回收有效問卷24份；第二部分為特殊教育學校教師使用學校圖書館之情形與滿意度調查，研究對象為特殊學校國中部及高職部之正式特教老師，問卷內容包含教師個人基本資料、教師使用學校圖書館情形及其對於學校圖書館的滿意度，總計回收有效問卷458份。兩份問卷以電腦統計套裝軟體IBM SPSS 18.0中文版進行統計與分析，調查結果分別以次數分配、百分比、平均數、標準差、獨立樣本t檢定、以及單因子變異數分析等統計方法進行資料分析： 一、 特殊教育學校館藏資源情形：大部分的特殊學校館藏資源數量、新增率及館藏經費皆未達高中圖書館應有的標準，且大多沒有強制要求，亦沒有遵循固定的標準與規範。 二、 特殊教育學校圖書館之營運情形：大部分的特殊學校沒有專職的管理人員，多由設備組長或者學校職員兼任，採用電腦線上借閱方式，且有建置館藏目錄系統、訂定使用及借閱辦法，讀者服務中大部分都有提供流通借閱服務。 三、 特殊教育學校圖書館的困難與需求：大多數為圖書館管理人員人力不足，沒有固定的編制，而且通常缺乏相關專業知識，另外受限於特殊學生的障礙程度，較難進行閱讀推動與利用教育。 四、 特殊教育學校教師使用學校圖書館的情形：多數的教師每週使用學校圖書館的次數為0次，但一個月內，平均每週使用1~5次的頻率最高，在使用上遇到困難時也會傾向詢問圖書館工作人員，大部分的老師選擇偶爾帶領學生認識圖書館，不算是太普遍的教學活動，使用目的上則多與教學準備有關，包含到圖書館借還圖書、配合教學蒐集教學相關資料及準備教材。 五、 特殊教育學校教師使用學校圖書館的滿意度情形：特殊教育學校教師對學校圖書館的滿意度均在平均值3以上，滿意度題目中，滿意程度最高的以圖書資料的採購會徵詢教師的意見與需求、教師對學校圖書館人員提供的服務、圖書館的空間擺設、動線與採光為前三名，而對館藏的品質、數量與館藏目錄系統較不滿意；在滿意度差異分析的部分，最不滿意的族群分別為在年齡46-50歲，學校所屬區域在東部及擔任導師的特教老師有顯著不滿意的情形。 / The purpose of this study is to explore the situation of the construction of special education school library, the collection of resources, the use of special education teachers and satisfaction situation. In the present study, the questionnaire is divided into two parts. The first part is the collection of the resources of the special education school library. The research object is the head of the 28 special schools in Taiwan. The questionnaire contains the basic information of the school , The organization of human resources, collection of resources and funding, operational management, read and promote the use of education and difficulties and needs, the total recovery of 24 valid questionnaires; the second part of the special education school teachers use the school library situation and satisfaction survey, The contents of the questionnaire include teachers' personal basic information, teachers use the school library situation and their satisfaction with the school library, the total recovery of 458 valid questionnaires. Two questionnaires The two questionnaires were analyzed by computer statistical software IBM SPSS 18.0. The results were analyzed by statistical methods such as frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent sample t test, and one-way analysis of variance,ANOVA. 1. The special education school collection of resources: most of the special school collection of resources, the new rate and collection of funds are not high school library should have the standard, and most do not have mandatory requirements, nor follow the fixed standards and norms. 2. The special education school library operation situation: most of the special schools do not have full-time management staff, more by the equipment team leader or school staff, the use of computer online borrowing, and the establishment of the collection directory system, Approach, most of the readers have to provide services through the circulation of borrowing services. 3. The difficulties and needs of the special education school library: the majority of the library management staff lack of manpower, there is no fixed system, and usually lack of relevant professional knowledge, and subject to the degree of special student obstacles, more difficult to read and promote Use education. 4. The special education school teachers to use the school library situation: the majority of teachers weekly use of school library times 0 times, but within a month, the average weekly use of 1 to 5 times the highest frequency, encountered in the use Difficulties will also tend to ask the library staff, most of the teachers choose to occasionally lead students to understand the library, is not too common teaching activities, the use of the purpose of teaching and more related to the library to borrow books, with Teaching to collect teaching materials and preparation materials. 5. The special education school teachers to use the school library satisfaction situation: special education school teachers on the school library satisfaction are more than 3, the satisfaction of the title, the highest degree of satisfaction with the procurement of books will consult the teacher The views and needs of the teachers, the library staff to provide services, library space furnishings, moving lines and lighting for the top three, and the collection of quality, quantity and inventory directory system is not satisfied; in the satisfaction of differences in analysis , The most dissatisfied groups were in the case of 46-50 years of age, the school district in the east and served as a mentor of the special education teacher was significantly dissatisfied with the situation.

Image De-noising forms an integral part of image processing. It is used as a standalone algorithm for improving the quality of the image obtained through camera as well as a starting stage for image processing applications like face recognition, super resolution etc. Non Local Means (NL-Means) and Bilateral Filter are two computationally complex de-noising algorithms which could provide good de-noising results. Due to its computational complexity, the real time applications associated with these letters are limited. In this thesis, we propose the use of hardware accelerators such as GPU (Graphics Processing Units) and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) to speed up the filter execution and efficiently implement using them. GPU based implementation of these letters is carried out using Open Computing Language (Open CL). The basic objective of this research is to perform high speed de-noising without compromising on the quality. Here we implement a basic NL-Means filter, a Fast NL-Means filter, and Bilateral filter using Gauss Polynomial decomposition on GPU. We also propose a modification to the existing NL-Means algorithm and Gauss Polynomial Bilateral filter. Instead of Gaussian Spatial Kernel used in standard algorithm, Box Spatial kernel is introduced to improve the speed of execution of the algorithm. This research work is a step forward towards making the real time implementation of these algorithms possible. It has been found from results that the NL-Means implementation on GPU using Open CL is about 25x faster than regular CPU based implementation for larger images (1024x1024). For Fast NL-Means, GPU based implementation is about 90x faster than CPU implementation. Even with the improved execution time, the embedded system application of the NL-Means is limited due to the power and thermal restrictions of the GPU device. In order to create a low power and faster implementation, we have implemented the algorithm on FPGA. FPGAs are reconfigurable devices and enable us to create a custom architecture for the parallel execution of the algorithm. It was found that the execution time for smaller images (256x256) is about 200x faster than CPU implementation and about 25x faster than GPU execution. Moreover the power requirements of the FPGA design of the algorithm (0.53W) is much less compared to CPU(30W) and GPU(200W).

India’s geographical location renders it with ample solar-energy potential ranging from 4-7 kWh/m2 daily and 2,300–3,200 sunshine hours annually. The diverse nature of human settlements (scattered low-rise to dense high-rise) in India is one of the unexplored avenues of harnessing solar energy through electricity generation using photovoltaic (PV) technology. Solar energy is a promising alternative that carries adequate potential to support the growing energy demands of India’s burgeoning population. A previous study estimates, by the year 2070, with 425 million households (of which utilizing only 20 %), about 90 TWh of electrical energy can be generated utilizing solar energy. PV is viable for onsite distributed (decentralized) power generation offering advantages of size and scale variability, modularity, relatively low maintenance and integration into buildings (no additional demand land). The application of solar PV technology as the building envelope viz., walls, façade, fenestration, roof and skylights is termed Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV). Apart from generating electricity, PV has to also function as a building envelope, which makes BIPV systems unique. Even with a gradual rise in the number of BIPV installations across the world over the years, a common consensus on their evaluation has not yet been developed. Unlike PV in a ground mounted system, its application in buildings as an envelope has huge implications on both PV and building performance. The functions of PV as a building material translates well beyond electricity generation alone and would also have to look into various aspects like the thermal comfort, weather proofing, structural rigidity, natural lighting, thermal insulation, shading, noise protection safety and aesthetics. To integrate PV into a residential building successfully serving the purpose (given the low energy densities of PV and initial cost), would also mean considering factors like the buildings electricity requirement and economic viability. As many studies have revealed, 40% of electricity consumed in a building is utilized for maintaining indoor thermal comfort. Tropical regions, such as India, are generally characterized by high temperatures and humidity attributed to good sunlight, therefore, the externality considered for this study has been the impact of BIPV on the thermal comfort. Passive designs need to regulate the buildings solar exposure by integrating a combination of appropriate thermal massing, material selection, space orientation and natural ventilation. On the other hand, PV design primarily aims to maximize solar to generate maximum energy. The design requirements for climate-responsive building design may thus infringe upon those required for optimal PV performance. Regulating indoor thermal comfort in tropical regions poses a particular challenge under such conditions, as the indoor temperature is likely to be sensitive to external temperature variations. In addition, given current performance efficiencies for various PVs, high initial cost and space requirement, it is also crucial to ascertain PV’s ability to efficiently support buildings energy requirement. Thus, BIPV would require addressing, concurrently, design requirements for energy-efficient building performance, effective PV integration, and societal feasibility. A real time roof integrated BIPV system (5.25 kW) installed at the Center for Sustainable Technologies at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore has been studied for its PV and building thermal performance. The study aims at understanding a BIPV system (based on crystalline silicon) from the technical (climate-responsiveness and PV performance), social (energy requirement and energy efficiency) and economical (costs and benefits) grounds and identifies relevant factors to quantify performance of any BIPV system. A methodology for BIPV evaluation has been proposed (Integrability Methodology), especially for urban localities, which can also be adopted for various PV configurations, building typologies and climatic zones. In the process, a novel parameter (thermal comfort energy) to evaluate the thermal performance of naturally ventilated buildings combining climate-responsiveness and thermal comfort aspects has also been developed. An Integrability Index has also been devised, integrating various building performance factors, to evaluate and compare the performance of BIPV structures. The methodology has been applied to the 5.25 kW BIPV system and the index has been computed to be 0.17 (on a scale of 0 – 1). An insulated BIPV system (building applied photovoltaic system) has been found to be favorable for the climate of Bangalore than BIPV. BIPV systems have also been compared across three different climates (Bangalore, Shillong and Delhi) and given the consideration of the same system for comparison, the system in Delhi is predicted to have a higher Integrability than the other two systems. The current research work is a maiden effort, that aims at developing and testing a framework to evaluate BIPV systems comprising technical, social and economic factors.

The Financial analysis Crystalex a.s. examines a general financial situation of the company. I use classical methods for financial analysis. The significant part of my project is the application of creditworthy and bankruptcy models. The aim of my thesis is to find out if these models were able to predict the current situation for management in the past.

Thesis deals with the valuation of a trademark as an intangible property of a firm. In the theoretical part is a treatise on the difference between brand and trademark. There is also explained the importance of brand essence and brand building. It also described the area, benefiting from brand valuation. The selected company is subjected to several analysis and the value of its brand is recognized by the method license analogy.