Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:59:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_rerinton_joabel_oliveira.pdf: 1061872 bytes, checksum: 090acbd80306ffa94125e3268c96951f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / The aim at this work was to evaluate the alterations on carbohydrates metabolism of hardwood cuttings of blueberries cv. Delite, Powder Blue and Seleção 19. The starch and soluble sugars concentration were evaluated in blueberry branches at four different times in a first experiment (03/06, 04/07, 24/07 and 11/08/2008) and later the metabolism of carbohydrates were evaluated in harvested hardwood cuttings submitted to rooting conditions. It was verified that the cv. Powder Blue has higher starch concentration in the branches than Delite and Seleção 19. Hardwood cuttings of blueberry with low percentage of starch, when subjected to rooting, have resynthesis of starch. At the end of the winter, there is an increase in starch in the branches of woody blueberry. A higher amount of starch in the branches during the winter is associated to a higher rate of rooting. / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as alterações no teor de carboidratos em estacas lenhosas de mirtileiro das cultivares Delite, Powder Blue e Seleção 19. Foram analisados os teores de amido e de açúcares solúveis a partir de ramos coletados em quatro épocas diferentes (03/06, 04/07, 24/07 e 11/08/2008) em um primeiro experimento e, posteriormente, avaliou-se o teor de carboidratos em estacas, coletadas nas mesmas épocas citadas, submetidas a condições de enraizamento. Verificou-se que a cv. Powder Blue possui maior reserva amilácea que a cv. Delite e Seleção 19. Estacas lenhosas de mirtileiro com baixos teores de amido, quando submetidas ao enraizamento, apresentam ressíntese de amido. No fim do período de inverno, ocorre um aumento na concentração de amido nos ramos lenhosos de mirtileiro. Maior teor de amido nos ramos durante o período de inverno está associado à maior taxa de enraizamento.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Simone_Padilha_Galarca.pdf: 1726388 bytes, checksum: 86ac76aea24f6a9fb434c5486a67b029 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-30 / The objective of the present work was to evaluate the sensory and physical-chemical characteristics of organic blueberry ‗Bluegem and tangerine ‗Ponkan fruits, submitted to controlled or modified atmosphere, respectively. Also, it was tested the use of two concentrations of propolis as fruit coating of the citrus. Therefore, the blueberries ‗Bluegem (2007) and tangerines ‗Ponkan (2008) were harvested at the consumption stage. Then, the fruits were selected and storage after treatment. ‗Bluegem was stored at 1.5ºC with relative humidity (RH) of 90-95% and submitted to the following treatments: control 21KPa O2 + 0.03KPa CO2 (T1 - natural atmosphere), 4KPa O2 + 5KPa CO2 (T2) or 4KPa O2 + 10KPa CO2 (T3). The fruits were kept under storage for a period of 14 (P1), 28 (P2) or 42 (P3) days at 1.5°C, plus one day of simulated commercialization at 20°C and 70-75% RH. ‗Ponkan was stored at 4°C and 90-95%RH. The fruits were treated with: no wax (T1); ‗Carnaúba -based wax, 18% (T2); extract of propolis, 100% (T3) or extract of propolis, 90% + soybean oil, 10% (T4). Each fruit was individually treated with 0.25mL of the product. Subsequently, fruits were stored for a period of 15 (P1), 30 (P2) or 45 (P3) days plus three days of simulated commercialization at 15°C and 70-75% RH. A completely randomized design was used for the physical-chemical analysis, and for the sensory analysis a randomized block design; each judger was considered as a replication. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and for mean comparison it was applied the Tukey test at 5% of error probability. The Pearson correlation was also carried between the physical-chemical and sensory variables. Blueberries ‗Bluegem can be stored up to 28 days at 1.5ºC plus one day of simulated commercialization at 20°C to keep their quality, whether treated with 5 or 10KPa CO2 and 4KPa O2. Using cold storage fruits could be stored up to 14 days at 1.5°C plus one day of simulated commercialization at 20°C, without compromising the quality of in natura consumption. Tangerines kept for 30 days at 90-95%RH and 4ºC suffered depreciation due to physiological disturbs. The essence of propolis reduced mass loss; however, whether added soybean oil it conferred slighter brightness to the fruit. ‗Carnaúba -based oil provide brighter fruits. According results, changing in the atmosphere of the storage environment (either controlled or modified storage) optimizes the storage of blueberries ‗Bluegem and tangerines ‗Ponkan , delaying senescence and keeping quality (support: CAPES). / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito nas características físico-químicas e sensoriais, da atmosfera controlada para mirtilo ‗Bluegem e da atmosfera modificada para tangerina ‗Ponkan produzida em sistema orgânico, além de testar a utilização de própolis em duas concentrações no recobrimento deste citrus. Sendo assim, os mirtilos ‗Bluegem (2007) e tangerinas ‗Ponkan (2008) foram colhidos no estádio de maturação para consumo, selecionados e armazenados após serem tratados. O mirtilo ‗Bluegem foi armazenado à temperatura de 1,5ºC umidade relativa (UR) de 90-95%, sendo realizados os seguintes tratamentos: controle - 21KPa O2 e 0,03KPa CO2 - (T1 - atmosfera natural), 4KPa O2 + 5KPa CO2 (T2), 4KPa O2 + 10KPa CO2 (T3). As frutas ficaram armazenadas por um período de 14 (P1), 28 (P2) e 42 (P3) dias a 1,5°C mais 1 dia de simulação de comercialização em temperatura de 20°C e UR 70-75%. A tangerina ‗Ponkan foi armazenada a temperatura de 4°C, UR de 90-95%. Os tratamentos foram: sem cera (T1), cera a base de Carnaúba 18% (T2), extrato de própolis 100% (T3) e extrato de própolis 90% + óleo de soja 10% (T4). Os produtos foram aplicados em cada uma das frutas em quantidade de 0,25 mL. Posteriormente foram armazenados por um período de 15 (P1), 30 (P2) e 45 (P3) dias mais 3 dias de simulação de comercialização em temperatura de 15°C e UR 70-75%. O delineamento experimental utilizado para as análises físico-químcas foi inteiramente casualizado e para análise sensorial blocos casualizados, sendo cada julgador uma repetição. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e para comparação das médias, foi aplicado o teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro. Foi realizada também a correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis físico-químicas e sensoriais. Os mirtilos ‗Bluegem podem ficar até 28 dias de armazenamento a 1,5ºC mais 1 dia de simulação de comercialização a 20°C com qualidade, desde que tratadas com 5 ou 10KPa de CO2 e 4KPa de O2. Se for utilizado o armazenamento refrigerado comum as frutas podem ficar até 14 dias de armazenamento a 1,5°C mais 1 dia de simulação de comercialização a 20°C e UR 70-75%, sem comprometer a qualidade para o consumo in natura. As tangerinas armazenaram-se por 30 dias a 90-95% UR a 4ºC, com depreciação do produto por distúrbios fisiológicos. A essência de própolis diminuiu a perda de massa, porém conferiu um pouco mais de brilho quando foi adicionado óleo de soja, porém a cera de carnaúba confere maior brilho. Com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a mudança de atmosfera no ambiente de armazenamento, seja, controlada ou modificada auxilia favoravelmente o armazenamento de frutas de mirtilo ‗Bluegem e da tangerina ‗Ponkan , retardando sua senescência e mantendo sua qualidade (apoio: CAPES).

Abstract Vaccinium berries contain high yields of antioxidant compounds, such as flavonoids and carotenoids, which are recognized to benefit human health. Therefore, commercial interest in cultivated and wild Vaccinium berries is increasing globally. Flavonoids and carotenoids are important secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of which is regulated by interaction of the genetic background of the plant and the surrounding environment. In fruits the production of secondary metabolites has also a tight linkage with developmental processes. The present thesis is focused on developmental and environmental factors affecting the biosynthesis of carotenoids and flavonoids in berries of the genus Vaccinium. In bilberry altogether eight carotenoids were detected, with lutein and β-carotene being the most abundant compounds, accompanied by minor amounts of xanthophylls, such as antheraxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin and zeaxanthin. During ripening the accumulation of carotenoids decreased. Simultaneously the expression of a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (VmCCD1) gene increased, indicating degradation of carotenoids during the fruit development. Simultaneously, flavonols and anthocyanins accumulated during the last stages of berry ripening. Environmental factors had a marked effect on the anthocyanin profile of ripe bilberries. Especially lower temperatures affected more on the accumulation of the delphinidin-based anthocyanidins than on the cyanidin-based ones. However, the spectral light composition also played a role, as an increased proportion in blue wavelengths increased the delphinidin-based anthocyanins at ripe stage. The effect of light quality on other phenolic compounds and carotenoid accumulation was less pronounced. The present results can be applied to cultivation of Vaccinium species in order to produce berries with high nutritional value. / Tiivistelmä Vaccinium-suvun marjat sisältävät runsaasti antioksidatiivisiä yhdisteitä, kuten flavonoideja ja karotenoideja, joilla on viimeaikaisissa tutkimuksissa havaittu lukuisia terveysvaikutuksia. Tämän johdosta kiinnostus sekä viljeltyjä mustikoita että metsämustikoita kohtaan on kasvanut maailmanlaajuisesti. Flavonoidit ja karotenoidit ovat kasvien tuottamia sekundäärimetabolian yhdisteitä, joiden biosynteesin säätelyyn vaikuttavat sekä kasvin geneettinen tausta että ympäristötekijät. Hedelmissä ja marjoissa sekundääriyhdisteiden tuoton säätelyyn vaikuttaa huomattavasti myös kehityksellisten vaiheiden eteneminen. Tässä väitöskirjatyössä selvitettiin marjan kehitykseen liittyvien tekijöiden sekä ympäristötekijöiden vaikutusta flavonoidien ja karotenoidien biosynteesiin sekä viljelyillä mustikoilla että metsämustikoilla. Metsämustikoista tunnistettiin kahdeksan erilaista karotenoidi-yhdistettä, joista luteiini ja β-karoteeni esiintyivät yleisimpinä ksantofyllin, antheraksantiinin, neoksantiinin, violaksantiinin ja zeaksantiinin ohella. Karotenoidien pitoisuudet olivat suurimmillaan marjankehityksen alkuvaiheessa ja laskivat kypsyvissä marjoissa. Vastaavasti karotenoideja pilkkovan VmCCD1 entsyymigeenin ilmeneminen lisääntyi kohosi marjan kypysymisen loppuvaiheessa. Antosyaanien ja myrisetiini-pohjaisten flavonolien pitoisuudet sen sijaan kohosivat kypsymisen aikana. Tässä tutkimuksessa ympäristötekijöillä osoitettiin olevan suuri vaikutus antosyaanien laadulliseen kertymiseen, sillä delfinidiini-tyypin antosyaanien pitoisuudet muuttuivat enemmän ympäristötekijöiden vaikutuksesta verrattuna syanidiini-tyypin antosyaaneihin. Alhaisempi lämpötila yhdessä spesifisten valo-olosuhteiden kanssa lisäsi eniten delfinidiini-tyypin antosyaanien tuottoa. Myös valon laadulla voitiin osoittaa olevan vaikutusta antosyaanien biosynteesiin. Sininen valo lisäsi erityisesti delfinidiini-tyypin antosyaanien tuottoa kypsissä marjoissa. Flavonolien ja karotenoidien tuottoon valon laadun vaikutus oli sen sijaan vähäisempää. Väitöskirjatyön tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää marjojen viljelyssä haluttaessa vaikuttaa marjojen ravitsemukselliseen koostumukseen.

10 Abstract All plants live in symbiosis with fungal endophytes - they can form mutualistic, commensal or parasitic symbioses. Symbiosis of root endophytes, called for their darkly pigmented and septated hyphae dark septate endophytes (DSE), and plants has been often overlooked although its role for plant communities can be very important. Despite their ubiquitous presence in roots of terrestrial and also aquatic plants the influence of DSE on their host plants is still unresolved. Results of previous studies are inconsistent - some reported that DSE have positive effects on their host plant growth and some negative. The main reason for this inconsistency might be their complicated taxonomy and difficult identification of different cryptic species which are morphologically indistinguishable. We were able to complete a unique collection of the most common DSE species, mainly members of the Phialocephala fortinii - Acephala applanata species complex. The collection includes the most common DSE species isolated from roots of forest plant communities. The goal of my thesis was to describe behaviour of DSE in roots of typical forest plants and elucidate their physiological influence on host plants. In vitro resynthesis experiments were used to observe root colonization patterns. Nutrient flow between the plant...

Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis Sm.) prefer understory forages growing beneath a forest canopy despite a greater abundance of the same plant species in forest clearings. This research examined responses of the deciduous shrub - blueberry (Vaccinium ovalifolium), to test the hypotheses that 1) forage is less nutritious and less palatable when grown in clearings than in forest understories, and that 2) changes in the plant carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio in response to light and nitrogen supply determine forage nutritional quality. Responses to irradiance and nitrogen supply were examined with respect to plant physiology, morphology, biochemistry and nutritional quality in three phases : 1) under controlled conditions in a growth room, 2) with manipulations in a field experiment and 3) along natural gradients of light and nitrogen in the native forests. The results were highly consistent from the growth room to the field. Light strongly affected plant physiological responses, including photosynthesis, relative growth rates and growth efficiency, whereas nitrogen had little effect. In regression analyses, leaf morphological properties, including specific leaf weight and leaf succulence, were the best predictors of relative growth rates (R2=.67). Irrespective of nitrogen supply, the biochemical properties of sun leaves included higher concentrations of starch, nonstructural carbohydrates and % lignin + cutin in the cell wall, but lower concentrations of structural polymers, total nitrogen, free amino acids, and ratio of free amino acids : total N, compared to shade leaves. Sun leaves also were slightly higher in digestible energy, much lower in digestible nitrogen and presumably less palatable due to higher tannin concentrations, compared to shade leaves. Tannins were directly correlated to specific leaf weight (R2=.89). Regression equations based upon specific leaf weight, leaf succulence and leaf structural polymers accurately predicted field values for digestible nitrogen (R2=.91) and digestible energy (R2=.96) in foliage. Nutritional properties of blueberry forage grown under variable irradiance in the natural stands matched predictions based upon results from the growth room and field. Compared to even-aged stands and oldgrowth, leaves of plants grown in clear-cuts were similar in digestible energy, much lower in digestible nitrogen, and presumably less palatable due to higher tannin concentrations. / Graduation date: 1990

Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-05-31T11:52:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Vanessa Rodrigues Duarte de Souza.pdf: 1232240 bytes, checksum: a2f2e5d359e863439e376ad16bb42468 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-06-01T19:01:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Vanessa Rodrigues Duarte de Souza.pdf: 1232240 bytes, checksum: a2f2e5d359e863439e376ad16bb42468 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T19:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Vanessa Rodrigues Duarte de Souza.pdf: 1232240 bytes, checksum: a2f2e5d359e863439e376ad16bb42468 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-25 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / O mirtilo é considerado uma das frutas mais ricas em antioxidantes, cuja atividade está relacionada à presença de compostos bioativos. A polpa deste fruto possui grande importância, pois é utilizada na elaboração de diversos outros produtos. A utilização de novas tecnologias de aplicação de calor e utilização de estabilizantes vêm contribuído para a redução de perdas de compostos bioativos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do tratamento térmico por adição direta de vapor e adição do estabilizante xantana, previamente ao despolpamento, sobre o conteúdo de compostos bioativos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante (método ABTS e DPPH) em polpas de mirtilo. Utilizaram-se mirtilos (Vaccinium ashei Reade) da cultivar Powderblue e os frutos, adicionados de 0,08% de ácido cítrico, foram processados termicamente até 90 ºC, por aplicação direta de vapor em autoclave vertical analógica, com e sem adição de 0,1 % e 0,5 % de xantana, e por aquecimento direto em tacho aberto, com adição de 0,5 % de xantana. As quatro polpas foram avaliadas até 90 dias de armazenamento sob congelamento, quanto às características tecnológicas de acidez total, pH, sólidos solúveis totais, cor e concentração dos compostos bioativos (fenois e flavonoides totais, antocianinas monoméricas, taninos hidrolisáveis e condensados, fenois individuais, antocianinas individuais) e atividade antioxidante (métodos ABTS e DPPH). A atividade da enzima polifenoloxidase foi avaliada nos frutos e polpas de mirtilo no tempo inicial. O tratamento térmico realizado nas polpas desativou a enzima polifenoloxidase. Verificou-se nas polpas elaboradas com tratamento térmico por adição direta de vapor maiores concentrações de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides totais, antocianinas monoméricas, taninos condensados, flavonoides individuais, ácidos fenólicos individuais e atividade antioxidante pelos dois métodos de avaliação, ao longo do armazenamento, comparativamente ao tratamento térmico em tacho aberto. A associação com xantana especialmente quando em concentração maior, resultou em maiores teores de antocianinas monoméricas e individuais, de taninos hidrolisáveis, dos ácidos gálico e clorogênico e da quercetina nas polpas, em todos os tempos de armazenamento. Os compostos bioativos fenólicos tiveram correlação positiva para os dois métodos de atividade antioxidante (ABTS e DPPH), exceto os taninos hidrolisáveis que tiveram apenas para o método ABTS. / Blueberry is considered one of the richest fruits in antioxidants, whose activity is related to the presence of bioactive compounds. The pulp of this fruit has great importance, since it is used in the elaboration of several other products. The use of new technologies of heat application and use of stabilizers have contributed to the reduction of losses of bioactive compounds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of heat treatment by direct addition of steam and addition of the xanthan stabilizer, before pulping, on the content of phenolic bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH method) in blueberry pulp. Blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Reade) of the cultivar Powderblue were used and the fruits, added with 0.08% of citric acid, were thermally processed to 90 ° C by direct application of steam in an analogue vertical autoclave, with and without addition of 0.1% and 0.5% xanthan, and by direct heating in an open pan, with addition of 0.5% xanthan. The four pulps were evaluated for up to 90 days of storage under freezing, for the technological characteristics of total acidity, pH, total soluble solids, color and concentration of the bioactive compounds (total phenols and flavonoids, monomeric anthocyanins, hydrolyzable and condensed tannins, Anthocyanins) and antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH methods). The activity of the polyphenoloxidase enzyme in fruits and blueberry pulp at the initial timewas evaluated. The heat treatment performed on the pulps deactivated the polyphenoloxidase enzyme. High concentrations of phenolic compounds and total flavonoids, monomeric anthocyanins, condensed tannins, individual flavonoids, individual phenolic acids and antioxidant activity by the two methods of evaluation were verified throughout the storage in the pulps heat treated by direct addition of steam. To the heat treatment in open pan. The association with xanthan, especially when in a higher concentration, resulted in higher levels of monomeric and individual anthocyanins, hydrolyzable tannins, gallic and chlorogenic acids and quercetin in pulps at all storage times. The phenolic bioactive compounds had positive correlation for the two methods of antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH), except the hydrolysable tannins that had only for the ABTS method.

Ph.D.

Subject of research: different parts – roots, stems, leaves, berries – of bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), growing near the A1 Vilnius – Kaunas – Klaipėda highway (the 94th kilometre, right side of the road). Objective of research: to determine the amount of lead in different parts of bilberries. Methodology: for research the samples of bilberries were picked near the A1 Vilnius – Kaunas – Klaipėda highway at the 15 – 20 km distance from Kaunas, at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 70 m distance from highway. For experiment – at 100 m distance from highway, bilberries were replanted in laboratory and were grown in the soils of different lead concentration four months. The soil was sprinkling with lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) solution of different concentration. The samples of plants were desiccate. The mineralization of different part the plants was carried out, as well as the analysis of soil was made (pH, ratio of hygroscope humidity, concentration of lead in soil). The amounts of lead in plants and soil were determined by the method of atomic absorption spectrometer. Research carried out in accordance with legally approved methodologies. For the statistical evaluation of differences the ANOVA and STATISTICA has been applied. Results of research: by carrying out the research, the amount of lead in different parts of the plants was determined; the dependence of lead amount in different parts of the plant upon the lead amount in solution was analysed; it was evaluated the... [to full text]

Nosocomial, or hospital acquired, infections, are ubiquitous within the modern clinical setting leading to over $5 billion annually of related healthcare costs in North America. All indwelling devices are highly susceptible to bacterial colonization where physico-chemical interactions between bacteria and biomaterial surfaces have been implicated as determinant factors in the fate of the initial adhesion processes. It has been proposed that by exploiting interference strategies within this critical step of infection the ability to create 'non-infective' biomaterials may be developed. / This thesis demonstrates the effectivity of North American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) derived proanthocyanidins in preventing the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to biomaterial surfaces. Specifically, using a model of catheter associated urinary tract infection, significant reductions in initial adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis to PVC and PTFE were observed. With the application of colloidal theory, a mechanism of steric interference was determined as responsible for these effects. / The evidence presented implicates PAC as a molecule of interest for the development of novel biomaterials with increased resistance to bacteria colonization.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.